List of Maratha rulers

Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire
Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire
	Bhagwa Dhwaj
Details
First monarch	Shivaji Bhosale I
Last monarch	Shahaji (Satara Chhatrapati); Shahaji II (Kolhapur Chhatrapati);
Formation	1674 CE
Abolition	1818 CE ; 1848 CE (Satara state); 1947 CE (Kolhapur state)
Residence	Raigad fort
Appointer	Hereditary

The Maratha rulers, belonging to the various dynasties, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Maratha Empire on the Indian subcontinent.^[1]^{[note 1]} It was established by the Chhatrapati (the Maratha emperor) in 1670s. Starting in 1720s, the Peshwa were instrumental in expanding the Maratha Empire to cover large areas of the Indian subcontinent. At their empire's greatest extent in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled much of the Indian subcontinent. Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati, but later, they became the leaders of the Marathas, and the Chhatrapati was reduced to a nominal ruler. Their power rapidly dwindled during the 19th century and later Peshwas also were reduced to nominal ruler under various Maratha nobles and later British East India Company. The last Peshwa was deposed in 1818. The Satara Chhatrapati continued to nominally rule over Satara state till 1848 and Kolhapur Chhatrapati continued to nominally rule over Kolhapur state till 1947.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Chhatrapatis

Shivaji and his early descendants

This is the list of the initial Chhatrapatis.

Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Shivaji I	19 February 1630^[6]	1674–1680	3 April 1680
Sambhaji I	14 May 1657	16 January 1681 – 11 March 1689	11 March 1689
Rajaram I	24 February 1670	11 March 1689 – 3 March 1700	3 March 1700
Shivaji II	9 June 1696	1700–1707, 1710–1714 (Kolhapur State)	14 March 1726
Shahu I	18 May 1682	12 January 1707 – 15 December 1749	15 December 1749

Chhatrapatis of Satara

This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Satara.^[7]

Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Shahu I	18 May 1682	12 January 1707 – 15 December 1749	15 December 1749
Rajaram II	June 1726	15 December 1749 – 11 December 1777	11 December 1777
Shahu II	1763	11 December 1777 – 3 May 1808	3 May 1808
Pratapsingh	18 January 1793	1818 – 5 September 1839	14 October 1847
Shahaji	1802	5 September 1839 – 5 April 1848	5 April 1848

^[8]

Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur

This is the list of the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur.^[7]

Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Shivaji II	9 June 1696	1700–1707, 1710–1714 (Kolhapur State)	14 March 1726
Sambhaji II	1698	1714–1760	18 December 1760
Shivaji III	1756	22 September 1762 – 24 April 1813	24 April 1813
Sambhaji III	1801	24 April 1813 – 2 July 1821	2 July 1821
Shivaji IV	1816	July 2, 1821 – Jan 03 1822	January 3, 1822
Shahaji I	22 January 1802	3 January 1822 – 29 November 1838	29 November 1838
Shivaji V	26 December 1830	1838–1866	4 August 1866
Rajaram II	April 13, 1850	August 18, 1866 – November 30, 1870	November 30, 1870
Shivaji VI	April 5, 1863	1871–1883	December 25, 1883
Shahu IV (overall) Shahu I of Kolhapur	26 June 1874	2 April 1894 – 6 May 1922	6 May 1922
Rajaram III	31 July 1897	1922–1940	26 November 1940
Shivaji VII	22 November 1941	31 December 1941 – 28 September 1946	28 September 1946
Shahaji II	4 April 1910	1947–1971	9 May 1983

Peshwas

Early Peshwas

Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Moropant Trimbak Pingle	1620	1674–1683	1683
Nilakanth Moreshvar Pingale		1683–1689	1689
Ramchandra Pant Amatya	1650	1689–1708	1716
Bahiroji Pingale		1708–1711
Parshuram Trimbak Kulkarni	1660	1711–1713	1718

Peshwas (Bhat family)

Name	Reign	Notes
Balaji Vishwanath (Sixth appointed Peshwa)	1713–1720	Assisted the Syed Brothers in deposing the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1719
Baji Rao I (Seventh appointed Peshwa)	1720–1740	Known as Thorle (elder) Bajirao and acknowledged as the most influential of the nine Peshwas. Said to have fought for the establishment of "Hindu Pad Padshahi"(Hindu Empire). Helped conquer Central India (Malwa) and Rajputana and extended his dominions into Gujarat in the northwest and Deccan in the south. Attacked Delhi in 1737. Fought in over 41 battles and is one of the few to have never lost a single battle. Died at the age of 40 of sudden fever in camp en route to Delhi; he has been commemorated in the form of an equestrian statue erected at Shaniwar Wada in Pune.
Balaji Bajirao (Eighth appointed Peshwa)	1740–1761	Known as Nanasaheb Peshwa. Managed to extend the Maratha territories into most of North-West, East and Central India. Captured Attock on the banks of the Indus River and Peshawar in 1758 in the Battle of Attock, 1758. Under his leadership, the Maratha Empire reached its peak but his general and cousin lost the Third Battle of Panipat against Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761. Contributed to the development of the city of Pune which was the seat of the Peshwas. Built the famous Parvati Temple, Lakdi Pool and established Nana Peth (area) in Pune. Built a water reservoir near Katraj to provide clean water to Pune city; this 250-year-old system is still functioning.
Madhav-Rao I (First hereditary Peshwa)	1761–1772	Fraught with internal dissensions and successful Wars with the Nizam. During his tenure, Maratha power recovered from the losses suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as Maratha Resurrection. Repaired the recently weakened administration, treasury, and accounts of the Maratha Empire. He died of tuberculosis in 1772; a memorial commemorating his greatness stands at Peshwe Park in Pune. One of the theory says that he was assassinated by her aunt, Anandi Bai (wife of Raghunath Rao).
Narayan-Rao	1772–1773	Assassinated by Gardi guards. Raghunath Rao was in favor of just kidnapping him and accordingly he used the code "DHARA". But Anandi Bai (wife of Raghunath Rao) changed the code to "MAARA". Narayan Rao was assassinated in Shanivar Wada. Nowadays, it is considered one of the haunted place in Maharashtra.
Raghunath-Rao	1773–1774	Responsible for extending the Maratha empire to the zenith in the North as a General and also saw the decline of Maratha power in North India. Deposed by Nana Phadnis and 11 other administrators in what is now called "The Baarbhai Conspiracy"
Madhav-Rao II	1774–1796	Appointed Peshwa as an infant with a council of Maratha Generals and ministers as regents. Era dominated by the political intrigues of Nana Phadnis. Saw the resurgence of Maratha power in North India.
Baji Rao II	1796–1802	1st Reign – Was defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar, ruler of Indore, at the Battle of Poona. Fled to British protection, and in December 1802, concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to treaty with no other power. This provoked the Second Anglo-Maratha War that began the breakup of the Maratha confederacy.
Amrut Rao^[9]^[10] (Appointed as Peshwa by Yashwantrao Holkar)	1802–1803	Appointed Peshwa by Yashwantrao Holkar after defeating Baji Rao II and Daulat Rao Sindhia in Battle of Poona.
Baji Rao II	1803–1818	2nd Reign – During his second reign began the Third Anglo-Maratha War. After the defeat at the Battle of Koregaon in January 1818, he was on the run from the British. Eventually, the British took over his dominion and made the Maratha King Pratap Singh of Satara declare in favour of the British. This ended the Peshwa's legal position as head of the Maratha confederacy. On 3 June 1818, Baji Rao surrendered to the British; he was banished to Bithur near Kanpur.
Nana Sahib (Pretender of the position of the Peshwa)	1851–1857	Was a leader during the Indian Uprising of 1857. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II, he sought to restore the Maratha confederacy and the Peshwa tradition.

Other

Gaekwad of Baroda

Holkar of Indore

Shinde of Gwalior

Bhonsle of Nagpur

References

Notes

^ Many historians consider Peshawar to be the final frontier of the Maratha Empire^[2]

External links

[3] Many historians consider Peshawar to be the final frontier of the Maratha Empire^[2]

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