R. C. Carpenter (1812–1855) was an English architect whose output consisted mainly of churches in Gothic Revival style. He was born in Clerkenwell, London, and was educated at Charterhouse School.[1] His first commissions were obtained by his father, and these were for domestic properties, including Lonsdale Square in London, and in producing designs for railway companies.[2] However his main interest was in designing churches.
Carpenter joined the Cambridge Camden Society in 1841 and was, with A. W. N. Pugin, a keen advocate of designing churches with features taken accurately from actual Gothic predecessors.[3] This resulted in town churches, including St Mary Magdalene, Munster Square, London, which is described as being his "most illustrious" church,[1] and St Paul, Brighton.[4]
Carpenter also designed smaller country churches which shared a basically similar plan, and this plan was also used for two churches in Australia. Carpenter restored churches and cathedrals, the latter including Chichester and St Patrick, Dublin. He also carried out work on country houses, and designed buildings for schools, including Sherborne, Hurstpierpoint College, and Lancing College. He died from tuberculosis at the age of 42, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery.[1]
Key
edit| Grade (England) | Criteria[5] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important. | ||||||||||||
| Grade II* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest. | ||||||||||||
| Grade II | Buildings of national importance and special interest. | ||||||||||||
| Category (Scotland) | Criteria[6] | ||||||||||||
| Category B | Buildings of special architectural or historic interest which are major examples of a particular period, style or building type. | ||||||||||||
| Category C | Buildings of special architectural or historic interest which are representative examples of a period, style or building type. | ||||||||||||
| "—" denotes a work that is not graded. | |||||||||||||
Works
edit| Name | Location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lonsdale Square | Barnsbury, Islington, Greater London 51°32′23″N 0°06′30″W / 51.5396°N 0.1082°W |  | c. 1838–45 | A square of Gothic Revival terraced houses.[1][7][8][9] | II* |
| Christ Church | Albany Street, Camden, Greater London 51°31′49″N 0°08′39″W / 51.5303°N 0.1443°W |  | 1839–43 | Alterations to a church built in 1836. It later became a cathedral of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch.[10] | II* |
| Percy Arms | Great Percy Street, Islington, Greater London 51°31′46″N 0°06′47″W / 51.5294°N 0.1130°W |  | c. 1840 | A public house in Italianate style.[11][12] | II |
| Chichester Cathedral | Chichester, West Sussex 50°50′11″N 0°46′51″W / 50.8363°N 0.7808°W |  | 1840- | Restoration, continued by J. Butler.[1][13][14] | I |
| St Stephen's Church | Birmingham, West Midlands | — | 1841–44 | A new church, since demolished.[1] | — |
| St James' Church | Nutley, East Sussex 51°01′56″N 0°03′18″E / 51.0323°N 0.0549°E |  | 1842–44 | A new small country church.[15] | — |
| St Mary's Church | Stowting, Kent 51°08′11″N 1°02′09″E / 51.1364°N 1.0358°E |  | 1843–44 | Restoration of the chancel of a church dating from the 13th century.[16] | II* |
| St Andrew's Church | Birmingham, West Midlands | — | 1844–46 | A new church, since demolished.[1] | — |
| St Giles' Church | Bodiam, East Sussex 51°00′27″N 0°32′21″E / 51.0075°N 0.5393°E | .JPG) | 1845–46 | Restoration of a church dating from the 14th century.[17] | II* |
| Camden House | Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire 52°02′16″N 1°48′26″W / 52.0379°N 1.8072°W | — | 1846 | Remodelling for Lord Gainsborough of a house originally built in 1628.[1][18] | II* |
| St Thomas à Becket's Church | Pucklechurch, Gloucestershire 51°29′13″N 2°26′04″W / 51.4869°N 2.4345°W |  | 1846 | Restoration of a church dating from the 13th century.[19] | I |
| St Paul's Church | Brighton, East Sussex 50°49′20″N 0°08′41″W / 50.8221°N 0.1446°W | .JPG) | 1846–48 | A new church. The steeple was added in 1873–75 by his son, R. H. Carpenter.[1][4][20] | II* |
| St John the Baptist's Church | Buckland, Tasmania, Australia | — | 1846–48 | A new church.[1] | — |
| St Nicholas' Church | Kemerton, Worcestershire 52°01′47″N 2°04′49″W / 52.0297°N 2.0803°W |  | 1846–50 | Rebuilding of the church, other than the west tower, for Revd Thomas Thorp, Archdeacon of Bristol.[21] | II* |
| All Saints Church | Brighton, East Sussex | — | 1847–52 | A new church, since demolished.[1][4] | — |
| St Andrew's Church | Monkton Wyld, Wootton Fitzpaine, Dorset 50°45′25″N 2°53′33″W / 50.7570°N 2.8925°W |  | 1848 | New church in Gothic Revival style.[22] | II* |
| Rectory | Monkton Wyld, Wootton Fitzpaine, Dorset 50°45′46″N 2°56′26″W / 50.7629°N 2.9406°W | — | 1848 | Built as the rectory for St Andrew's Church. Later used as a house and known as Monkton Wyld Court.[23] | II |
| Holy Innocents' Church | Rossmore, New South Wales, Australia | — | 1848–50 | A new church.[1] | — |
| St Peter the Great's Church | Chichester, West Sussex 50°50′13″N 0°46′54″W / 50.8370°N 0.7817°W | .JPG) | 1848–52 | A new church, damaged in the Second World War. It has since been declared redundant, and converted into a public house.[24][25] | II |
| St Laurence's Church | Catsfield, East Sussex 50°53′38″N 0°27′23″E / 50.8939°N 0.4565°E |  | 1849 | Restoration of the church, which dates from the 12th century, and rebuilding of its north aisle.[26] | II* |
| St John the Baptist's Church | Cookham Dean, Berkshire 51°33′30″N 0°44′40″W / 51.5582°N 0.7445°W |  | 1849 | A new small country church.[1][27][28] | II |
| St Laurence's Church | Hawkhurst, Kent 51°02′15″N 0°30′12″E / 51.0376°N 0.5032°E |  | 1849 | Restoration and extension of a church dating from the 14th century.[29] | I |
| Captain Cook School and School House | Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire 54°32′06″N 1°12′15″W / 54.5351°N 1.2043°W | — | 1849–50 | Built as a primary school. Later converted into use as a private house and nursery.[30] | II |
| St Mary Magdalene's Church | Munster Square, Camden, Greater London 51°31′34″N 0°08′33″W / 51.5260°N 0.1425°W |  | 1849–52 | A new church in Gothic Revival style.[1][31][32] | II* |
| Kilndown House | Kilndown, Kent 51°05′40″N 0°25′43″E / 51.0945°N 0.4286°E | — | 1849–55 | Built as the vicarage to Kilndown Church. The associated stable courtyard was also designed by Carpenter, and is listed separately at Grade II.[33][34] | II |
| Sherborne Abbey | Sherborne, Dorset 50°56′48″N 2°31′00″W / 50.9467°N 2.5167°W |  | 1849–58 | Restoration of the transepts, the choir, and a porch.[1][35] | I |
| St Peter and St Paul's Church | Algarkirk, Lincolnshire 52°53′58″N 0°04′54″W / 52.8995°N 0.0817°W |  | 1850–54 | Restoration of a church dating from the late 12th century.[36] | I |
| St Stephen's Episcopal Church and Parsonage | Burntisland, Fife, Scotland | — | 1850–54 | Commenced by Carpenter, the parsonage was completed by William Slater. The church was never completed, and was never completed and was demolished in 1875.[37][38] | B |
| Episcopal School | Burntisland, Fife, Scotland | — | 1850–54 | Built as a church school, later used as the hall for a pipe band.[37][39] | C |
| Church of St James the Less | Stubbings, Berkshire 51°31′39″N 0°46′33″W / 51.5275°N 0.7759°W |  | 1850–54 | A new small country church.[1][40][41] | II |
| St Mary's Church | Old Town, Eastbourne, East Sussex 50°46′22″N 0°15′57″E / 50.7727°N 0.2658°E | _(October_2012,_from_Northwest).JPG) | 1851 | Restoration of a church dating from the late 12th century.[42] | I |
| St John the Evangelist's Church | Bovey Tracey, Devon 50°35′15″N 3°40′41″W / 50.5876°N 3.6780°W |  | 1851–53 | A new small country church.[1][43][44] | II* |
| Almshouses and chapel | Belmont Rural, Herefordshire 52°02′30″N 2°45′03″W / 52.0416°N 2.7509°W | — | 1852 | A row of almshouses with a chapel at the south end, built for F. C. Wegg-Prosser.[45] | II |
| St Nicholas' Church | Brighton, East Sussex 50°49′31″N 0°08′42″W / 50.8254°N 0.1449°W |  | 1853 | A church dating from the 14th century, largely rebuilt.[46] | II* |
| Hurstpierpoint College | Hurstpierpoint, West Sussex 50°56′35″N 0°09′54″W / 50.9431°N 0.1649°W |  | 1853 | Completed after his death by his son, R H Carpenter, and Benjamin Ingelow.[47] | II |
| East and West Quadrangles, Lancing College | Lancing, West Sussex 50°50′46″N 0°18′15″W / 50.8462°N 0.3041°W | — | 1853–55 | The earliest buildings on the college, completed by William Salter.[48] | II* |
| Bedgebury Park | Bedgebury Cross, Kent 51°04′59″N 0°27′22″E / 51.0830°N 0.4560°E | — | 1854–55 | Alterations to a country house dating from 1688. The house was later used as a school.[1][49] | II* |
| St Mary's Church | Sompting, West Sussex 50°50′19″N 0°21′07″W / 50.8387°N 0.3519°W | .jpg) | 1854–55 | Restoration of a church dating from the 11th–12th century.[50][51][52] | I |
| Christ Church | Milton-next-Gravesend, Kent | — | 1854–56 | A new church, later extended, but demolished in 1935, and rebuilt on a nearby site.[1][53] | — |
| Boys' School House, Sherborne School | Sherborne, Dorset 50°56′50″N 2°31′00″W / 50.9473°N 2.5166°W | — | 1860 | Designed by Carpenter, but not built until after his death.[54] | II |
| St Patrick's Cathedral | Dublin, Republic of Ireland |  | Undated | Restoration.[1] | — |
| School House Studies, Sherborne School | Sherborne, Dorset 50°56′50″N 2°31′02″W / 50.9471°N 2.5171°W | — | Undated | Restoration of the 15th-century wing of the former abbey, which included the abbey kitchen.[55] | I |
References
editBibliography
edit- Elliott, John (2011), "R. C. Carpenter (1812–55): the Anglicans' Pugin", in Webster, Christopher (ed.), The Practice of Architecture: eight architects, 1830–1930, Spire Studies in Architectural History, vol. 1, Reading: Spire Books, ISBN 978-1-904965-34-3
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