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List of tallest freestanding structures

This is a list of tallest freestanding structures in the world past and present. To be freestanding a structure must not be supported by guy wires, the sea or other types of auxiliary support. It therefore does not include guyed masts, partially guyed towers and drilling platforms but does include towers, skyscrapers (pinnacle height) and chimneys.[1]

Tallest freestanding structures in the world
Scale diagram of some of the tallest structures

Freestanding structures (past or present) over 350 metres (1,148 ft)

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  •   indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
  • For all structures the pinnacle height is given, so the height of skyscrapers may be different from the values at List of tallest buildings in the world.
  • Structures under construction are included in the main list if their current height is over 350 metres (1,148 ft).
#NamePinnacle height (m / ft)Ye­arTypeMain useCountryCityRemarksCoordinates
1Burj Khalifa8282,7162010SkyscraperOffice, residential apartments, restaurant, hotel  United Arab EmiratesDubaiTallest freestanding structure in the world 2007–Present. Topped out in 2009.25°11′50.0″N 55°16′26.6″E / 25.197222°N 55.274056°E / 25.197222; 55.274056
2Merdeka 118678.92,2272022SkyscraperShopping complex, office, housing properties, hotel  MalaysiaKuala LumpurTallest freestanding structure in Southeast Asia. Topped out in 2022.3°8′30.0″N 101°42′2″E / 3.141667°N 101.70056°E / 3.141667; 101.70056
3Tokyo Skytree6342,0802012Communi­cations towerObservation, UHF/VHF transmission, restaurant, cafe  JapanTokyoTallest structure in the OECD, tallest tower in the world.35°42′36.5″N 139°48′39″E / 35.710139°N 139.81083°E / 35.710139; 139.81083
4Shanghai Tower6322,0732015SkyscraperResidential, observation, office  ChinaShanghaiTopped out in August 2013. Tallest structure in China.31°14′7.8″N 121°30′3.6″E / 31.235500°N 121.501000°E / 31.235500; 121.501000
5Canton Tower6041,9822010Communi­cations towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission, cafe, restaurant  ChinaGuangzhouTopped out in 2009.23°06′23.3″N 113°19′28.5″E / 23.106472°N 113.324583°E / 23.106472; 113.324583
6Makkah Clock Royal Tower6011,9722012SkyscraperHotel, shopping mall  Saudi ArabiaMeccaTallest clock tower in the world21°25′08″N 39°49′35″E / 21.41889°N 39.82639°E / 21.41889; 39.82639
7Ping An International Finance Center599.11,9692017SkyscraperOffice, retail  ChinaShenzhenTopped out in 2015.22°32′11.03″N 114°3′1.61″E / 22.5363972°N 114.0504472°E / 22.5363972; 114.0504472
8Goldin Finance 117596.51,957–SkyscraperHotel, residential, commercial offices  ChinaTianjinTopped out in 2015, still uncompleted in 2024. World's tallest unoccupied building.[2]39°5′20.65″N 117°4′48.82″E / 39.0890694°N 117.0802278°E / 39.0890694; 117.0802278
9Lotte World Tower555.651,8232017SkyscraperRetail, residential, hotel, offices, observation deck  South KoreaSeoulTopped out in 2016. Tallest building in the OECD.37°30′45″N 127°6′10″E / 37.51250°N 127.10278°E / 37.51250; 127.10278
10CN Tower553.31,8151976Communi­cations towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission, restaurant  CanadaTorontoWorld's tallest freestanding structure 1975–2007, tallest freestanding in the Western Hemisphere.43°38′30.67″N 79°23′14.27″W / 43.6418528°N 79.3872972°W / 43.6418528; -79.3872972
11One World Trade Center546.21,7762014SkyscraperOffice, observation, communication, cafe, restaurant  United StatesNew York CityTallest freestanding structure in the USA, second in the Western Hemisphere.40°42′46.8″N 74°0′48.6″W / 40.713000°N 74.013500°W / 40.713000; -74.013500
12Ostankino Tower540.11,7721967Communi­cations towerObservation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  RussiaMoscowWorld's tallest freestanding 1967–75, tallest in Europe. Renovated after a 2000 fire.55°49′11″N 37°36′42″E / 55.81972°N 37.61167°E / 55.81972; 37.61167
13Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre5301,7392016SkyscraperOffice, residential, hotel  ChinaGuangzhouTopped out in July 2014.23°7′13″N 113°19′14″E / 23.12028°N 113.32056°E / 23.12028; 113.32056
14Tianjin CTF Finance Centre5301,7392019SkyscraperOffice, residential, hotel  ChinaTianjin39°1′18.1″N 117°41′53.1″E / 39.021694°N 117.698083°E / 39.021694; 117.698083
15China Zun527.71,7312018SkyscraperOffice, observation  ChinaBeijingTallest building in Beijing.
16Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower)5271,7291974SkyscraperOffice, observation, UHF/VHF transmission, later United Airlines HQ[3]  United StatesChicagoTallest building in the world 1974–1998 (by structural height).41°52′44.1″N 87°38′10.2″W / 41.878917°N 87.636167°W / 41.878917; -87.636167
17One World Trade Center (1973–2001)526.7 [4]1,7281973SkyscraperOffice, observation  United StatesNew York CityDestroyed 11 Sep 2001. Tallest freestanding structure that no longer exists; world's tallest building 1972–74.
18Taipei 101509.21,6712004SkyscraperMulti-use  TaiwanTaipeiWorld's tallest skyscraper 2004–10, first to exceed 500 m /1,640 ft structural height.25°02′01″N 121°33′52″E / 25.03361°N 121.56444°E / 25.03361; 121.56444
19Shanghai World Financial Center4941,6172008SkyscraperMulti-use  ChinaShanghaiTallest building in China 2007–2009.31°14′12″N 121°30′10″E / 31.23667°N 121.50278°E / 31.23667; 121.50278
20International Commerce Centre4841,5882010SkyscraperOffice  Hong KongHong KongTallest building in Hong Kong.22°18′12″N 114°9′37″E / 22.30333°N 114.16028°E / 22.30333; 114.16028
21Central Park Tower4721,5502020SkyscraperResidential, retail  United StatesNew York CityWorld's tallest residential building40°45′59″N 73°58′52″W / 40.7663°N 73.9810°W / 40.7663; -73.9810
22Landmark 814701,5402018SkyscraperHotel, residential, observation  VietnamHo Chi Minh City
23Oriental Pearl Tower467.91,5351994Concrete towerCommunication tower  ChinaShanghaiTallest structure in China (including Hong Kong), 1994–2007.31°14′30″N 121°29′42″E / 31.24167°N 121.49500°E / 31.24167; 121.49500
24Lakhta Center462.51,5172019SkyscraperOffice  RussiaSaint-PetersburgRussia's tallest building since 2019.
25John Hancock Center457.21,5001969SkyscraperOffice, residential, UHF/VHF-transmission  United StatesChicagoWorld's tallest mixed-use building 1969–2008.41°53′55.68″N 87°37′22.8″W / 41.8988000°N 87.623000°W / 41.8988000; -87.623000
26Petronas Tower 1451.91,4831998SkyscraperOffice, observation  MalaysiaKuala LumpurTallest twin towers in the world. Tallest building in the world 1998–2004.3°09′28.26″N 101°42′41.94″E / 3.1578500°N 101.7116500°E / 3.1578500; 101.7116500
27Petronas Tower 2451.91,4831998SkyscraperOffice, observation  MalaysiaKuala Lumpur3°09′28.26″N 101°42′41.94″E / 3.1578500°N 101.7116500°E / 3.1578500; 101.7116500
28Greenland Square Zifeng Tower4501,4762010SkyscraperMixed-use  ChinaNanjingTopped-out in 2008.32°03′44.9″N 118°46′41″E / 32.062472°N 118.77806°E / 32.062472; 118.77806
29Empire State Building443.21,4541931SkyscraperOffice, observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United StatesNew York CityTallest freestanding structure 1931–1967, tallest skyscraper –1973. First skyscraper with 100+ stories.40°44′54.0″N 73°59′09″W / 40.748333°N 73.98583°W / 40.748333; -73.98583
30KK100441.81,4492011SkyscraperMixed use  ChinaShenzhen22°32′47.58″N 114°6′6.63″E / 22.5465500°N 114.1018417°E / 22.5465500; 114.1018417
31Guangzhou West Tower4401,4442009SkyscraperMixed use  ChinaGuangzhou23°07′13″N 113°19′05″E / 23.12028°N 113.31806°E / 23.12028; 113.31806
32111 West 57th Street4351,4282020SkyscraperResidential  United StatesNew York CityThinnest skyscraper in the world40°45′52″N 73°58′40″W / 40.76455°N 73.97765°W / 40.76455; -73.97765
33Milad Tower4351,4272003Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  IranTehranTallest structure in Iran.35°44′40″N 51°22′30″E / 35.74444°N 51.37500°E / 35.74444; 51.37500
34One Vanderbilt4271,4012020SkyscraperOffice, observation  United StatesNew York City40°45′11″N 73°58′43″W / 40.7530°N 73.9785°W / 40.7530; -73.9785
35Marina 101426.51,3992016SkyscraperHotel and hotel apartments  United Arab EmiratesDubai22°05′22.23″N 55°08′56.12″E / 22.0895083°N 55.1489222°E / 22.0895083; 55.1489222
36432 Park Avenue4261,3962015SkyscraperResidential  United StatesNew York City40°45′40″N 73°58′17″W / 40.76111°N 73.97139°W / 40.76111; -73.97139
37Trump International Hotel and Tower423.41,3892009SkyscraperHotel, condominium  United StatesChicagoWorld's tallest concrete formwork structure upon completion. Originally planned to be the world's tallest building in 2001.41°53′20″N 87°37′36″W / 41.88889°N 87.62667°W / 41.88889; -87.62667
38Jin Mao Tower421.51,3831998SkyscraperHotel, office, observation  ChinaShanghaiTallest skyscraper in China, 1998–2007.31°14′14″N 121°30′05″E / 31.23722°N 121.50139°E / 31.23722; 121.50139
39Kuala Lumpur Tower4211,3811995Concrete towerObservation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  MalaysiaKuala Lumpur03°09′10″N 101°42′12″E / 3.15278°N 101.70333°E / 3.15278; 101.70333
40GRES-2 Power Station Chimney419.71,3771987ChimneyPower station  KazakhstanEkibastuszTallest chimney in the world.52°01′20″N 75°28′42″E / 52.02222°N 75.47833°E / 52.02222; 75.47833
41Two International Finance Centre415.41,3632003SkyscraperOffice  Hong KongHong Kong22°17′06″N 114°09′33″E / 22.28500°N 114.15917°E / 22.28500; 114.15917
42Two World Trade Center415.31,3621973SkyscraperOffice, observation  United StatesNew York CityDestroyed on 11 September 2001.
43Tianjin Radio and Television Tower415.21,3621991Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaTianjin39°05′31″N 117°10′30″E / 39.09194°N 117.17500°E / 39.09194; 117.17500
44Al Hamra Tower4141,3582012SkyscraperMall, offices  KuwaitKuwait CityWorld's tallest curved concrete tower29°22′44″N 47°59′36″E / 29.379°N 47.9932°E / 29.379; 47.9932
45Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower411.61,3502019SkyscraperHotel, residential  South KoreaBusan35°09′35″N 129°09′23″E / 35.15972°N 129.15639°E / 35.15972; 129.15639
46Central Radio and TV Tower4051,3291992Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaBeijing39°55′05″N 116°18′01″E / 39.91806°N 116.30028°E / 39.91806; 116.30028
47CITIC Plaza391.11,2831997SkyscraperOffice  ChinaGuangzhou23°08′40″N 113°19′10″E / 23.14444°N 113.31944°E / 23.14444; 113.31944
48Zhongyuan Tower3881,2732010Concrete/ steel towerUHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaZhengzhou34°43′29″N 113°43′22″E / 34.72472°N 113.72278°E / 34.72472; 113.72278
4930 Hudson Yards3861,2682019SkyscraperOffice, observation, retail  United StatesNew York CityHighest outdoor observation deck in the Western Hemisphere.40°45′17″N 74°00′14″W / 40.754661°N 74.003783°W / 40.754661; -74.003783
50Kyiv TV Tower3851,2631973Lattice towerUHF/VHF-transmission  UkraineKyivAttacked on 1 March 2022.50°28′16″N 30°27′12″E / 50.47111°N 30.45333°E / 50.47111; 30.45333
51Shun Hing Square3841,2591996SkyscraperOffice  ChinaShenzhen22°32′43″N 114°06′21″E / 22.54528°N 114.10583°E / 22.54528; 114.10583
52Inco Superstack3801,2501971ChimneyNickel smelter  CanadaSudburyTallest chimney in the western hemisphere.46°28′48.2″N 81°03′23.43″W / 46.480056°N 81.0565083°W / 46.480056; -81.0565083
5385 Sky Tower3781,2401997SkyscraperHotel, office, observation, UHF/VHF-transmission  TaiwanKaohsiung22°36′42″N 120°18′0″E / 22.61167°N 120.30000°E / 22.61167; 120.30000
54Emirates Park Towers3761,2332012SkyscraperHotel  United Arab EmiratesDubai25°11′08″N 55°15′24″E / 25.1856°N 55.2566°E / 25.1856; 55.2566
55Tashkent Tower374.91,2301984Concrete/ steel towerUHF/VHF-transmission, observation  UzbekistanTashkent41°20′44″N 69°17′4.57″E / 41.34556°N 69.2846028°E / 41.34556; 69.2846028
56Central Plaza3741,2271992SkyscraperOffice  Hong KongHong Kong22°16′48″N 114°10′25″E / 22.28000°N 114.17361°E / 22.28000; 114.17361
57Liberation Tower3721,2201993Concrete towerUHF/VHF-transmission, observation  KuwaitKuwait City29°22′05.8″N 47°58′29.83″E / 29.368278°N 47.9749528°E / 29.368278; 47.9749528
58Almaty Tower371.51,2191983Steel towerUHF/VHF-transmission  KazakhstanAlmatyTallest free-standing tubular steel structure.43°13′44″N 76°58′34″E / 43.22889°N 76.97611°E / 43.22889; 76.97611
594th Chimney of Homer City Generating Station3711,2171977ChimneyPower station  United StatesHomer City, Pennsyl­vania40°30′39″N 79°11′37″W / 40.51083°N 79.19361°W / 40.51083; -79.19361
60Kennecott Garfield Smelter Stack370.41,2151974ChimneyCopper smelter  United StatesMagna, UtahTallest free-standing structure west of the Mississippi.40°43′18″N 112°11′52″W / 40.72167°N 112.19778°W / 40.72167; -112.19778
61Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie North tower3701,2142010Lattice towerTransmission tower  ChinaZhoushan IslandTallest set of electricity pylons in the world.29°56′2.78″N 122°2′10.12″E / 29.9341056°N 122.0361444°E / 29.9341056; 122.0361444
62Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie South tower3701,2142010Lattice towerTransmission tower  ChinaZhoushan IslandTallest set of electricity pylons in the world.29°54′41.39″N 122°1′26.38″E / 29.9114972°N 122.0239944°E / 29.9114972; 122.0239944
63Chimney of Beryozovskaya GRES3701,2141985ChimneyPower station  RussiaSharypovoTallest chimney in Russia.55°34′46″N 89°04′21″E / 55.57944°N 89.07250°E / 55.57944; 89.07250
64Riga Radio and TV Tower368.51,2091987Steel towerUHF/VHF-transmission, observation  LatviaRigaTallest structure in the European Union.56°55′26″N 24°08′14″E / 56.92389°N 24.13722°E / 56.92389; 24.13722
65Berliner Fernsehturm3681,2071969Concrete towerRestaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission, observation  GermanyBerlinTallest structure in Germany.52°31′15″N 13°24′34″E / 52.52083°N 13.40944°E / 52.52083; 13.40944
662nd Chimney of Mitchell Power Plant367.61,2061968ChimneyPower station  United StatesMoundsville, West Virginia39°54′32.16″N 80°45′41.53″W / 39.9089333°N 80.7615361°W / 39.9089333; -80.7615361
67Bank of China Tower367.41,2051990SkyscraperOffice  Hong KongHong KongFirst skyscraper outside the USA to exceed 1,000 ft (305 metres).22°16′45″N 114°09′41″E / 22.27917°N 114.16139°E / 22.27917; 114.16139
68Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)3661,2002009SkyscraperOffice  United StatesNew York City40°45′19″N 73°59′03″W / 40.75528°N 73.98417°W / 40.75528; -73.98417
69Aon Center362.51,1891973Skyscraper  United StatesChicago41°53′07″N 87°37′17″W / 41.88528°N 87.62139°W / 41.88528; -87.62139
70Trbovlje Power Station3601,1831976ChimneyPower station  SloveniaTrbovljeTallest chimney in Europe.46°07′33.37″N 15°03′43.23″E / 46.1259361°N 15.0620083°E / 46.1259361; 15.0620083
71Almas Tower3601,1812008SkyscraperOffice  UAEDubai25°4′8.25″N 55°8′28.34″E / 25.0689583°N 55.1412056°E / 25.0689583; 55.1412056
72The Pinnacle3601,1812011SkyscraperMixed use  ChinaGuangzhou23°07′40″N 113°19′05″E / 23.1278°N 113.3180°E / 23.1278; 113.3180
73Endesa Termic3561,1681974ChimneyPower station  SpainAs Pontes, Galicia43°26′29″N 7°51′45.50″W / 43.44139°N 7.8626389°W / 43.44139; -7.8626389
74SEG Plaza355.81,1672000SkyscraperOffice  ChinaShenzhen22°32′39.5″N 114°04′57.5″E / 22.544306°N 114.082639°E / 22.544306; 114.082639
75First Canadian Place3551,1651975SkyscraperOffice, UHF/VHF-transmission  CanadaTorontoTallest skyscraper in Canada.43°38′55″N 79°22′54″W / 43.64861°N 79.38167°W / 43.64861; -79.38167
76Emirates Office Tower354.61,1632000SkyscraperOffice  UAEDubai25°07′49″N 55°09′57″E / 25.13028°N 55.16583°E / 25.13028; 55.16583
77Chimney of Phoenix Copper Smelter351.51,1531995ChimneyCopper smelter  RomaniaBaia MareTallest structure in Romania.47°39′10″N 23°36′19″E / 47.65278°N 23.60528°E / 47.65278; 23.60528
78Stratosphere Tower350.21,1491996Concrete towerObservation, ride  United StatesLas VegasTallest observation tower in the USA.36°08′50″N 115°9′19″W / 36.14722°N 115.15528°W / 36.14722; -115.15528
79Colombo Lotus Tower3501,1502018Concrete towerCommunication, Observation  Sri LankaColomboTallest structure in Sri Lanka.06°55′37″N 79°51′30″E / 6.92694°N 79.85833°E / 6.92694; 79.85833
803rd Chimney of Syrdarya Power Plant3501,1481980ChimneyPower station  UzbekistanShirin40°13′41″N 69°6′2″E / 40.22806°N 69.10056°E / 40.22806; 69.10056

Other freestanding structures (past or present): between 300 metres (984 ft) and 350 metres (1,148 ft)

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NamePinnacle height (metres / feet)YearStructural typeMain useCountryCityRemarks
Yangtze River Crossing North Tower3471,1382003Lattice towerElectricity pylon  ChinaJiangyinSecond tallest set of electricity pylons in the world
Yangtze River Crossing South Tower3471,1382003Lattice towerElectricity pylon  ChinaJiangyinSecond tallest set of electricity pylons in the world
The Center3461,1351998Skyscraper  Hong KongHong Kong
Neva tower 23451,1322019Skyscraper  RussiaMoscow
Chimney of Teruel Power Plant3431,1251981ChimneyPower station  SpainTeruel
Chimney of Teruel Power Plant3431,1251981ChimneyPower station  SpainTeruel
4 Times Square340.71,1182000Skyscraper  United StatesNew York City
Chimney of Plomin Power Station3401,115?ChimneyPower station  CroatiaPlomin
Mercury City Tower338.81,1122012Skyscraper  RussiaMoscow
West Pearl Tower3381,1092004Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaChengdu
Macau Tower3381,1092001Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  Macau, ChinaMacau
Europaturm337.51,1071979Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  GermanyFrankfurt/Main
Chimney of Power Station Westerholt3371,1061981ChimneyPower station  GermanyGelsenkirchen, North Rhine-WestphaliaDemolished on 3 December 2006. Tallest free-standing structure ever demolished in a controlled manner.
The Marina Torch336.11,1052011SkyscraperResidential  United Arab EmiratesDubaiDamaged by fire in 2015.
Wilshire Grand Center3361,1022017SkyscraperOffice / Hotel  United StatesLos AngelesTallest skyscraper in North America located west of the Mississippi River.
Chimney of Mountaineer Power Plant3361,1021980ChimneyPower station  United StatesNew Haven, West Virginia
Dragon Tower3361,1022000Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaHarbin
Chimney of the Cuciurgan power station3351,0991980ChimneyPower plant  Republic of MoldovaNezavertailovca[5]
Rose Tower3331,0932007Skyscraper  United Arab EmiratesDubai
Shimao International Plaza3331,0932006Skyscraper  ChinaShanghai
Parc1 Tower A3331,0932020SkyscraperOffice  South KoreaSeoul
Tokyo Tower332.61,0911958Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  JapanTokyoSecond tallest structure in Japan.
Minsheng Bank Building3311,0872007Skyscraper  ChinaWuhan
Emley Moor TV Tower330.41,0841970Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United KingdomHuddersfield, YorkshireTallest structure in the United Kingdom.
Eiffel Tower3301,0831889Lattice towerObservation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  FranceParisTallest structure in the world from 1889 to 1930; first structure to exceed 300 metres in height.
Ryugyong Hotel3301,0831992Skyscraper  North KoreaPyongyang
Chimney of Ekibastuz GRES-13301,0831982ChimneyPower station  KazakhstanEkibastuz[6]
2 Chimneys of Permskaya GRES3301,0831987/1990ChimneyPower station  RussiaDobryanka
2 Chimneys of Reftinskaya GRES3301,0831980ChimneyPower station  RussiaReftinskiy
Chimney of Kharkiv TEC-53301,0831981ChimneyPower station  UkrainePodvirky, Kharkiv Oblast
Chimney of Zuevska thermal power station3301,0831982ChimneyPower station  UkraineZuhres, Donetsk Oblast[6]
WITI TV Tower329.41,0811962Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United StatesShorewood (Milwaukee), Wisconsin
Three World Trade Center328.91,0792018SkyscraperOffice  United StatesNew York City
Sky Tower3281,0761997Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  New ZealandAucklandTallest freestanding structure in the Southern Hemisphere.
Vilnius TV Tower3271,0731980Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  LithuaniaVilnius
St. Petersburg TV Tower3261,0701962Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  RussiaSt. Petersburg
Salesforce Tower3261,0702018SkyscraperCommercial offices, retail  United StatesSan Francisco
Chimney of Pirdop copper smelter and refinery325.41,0681982ChimneyCopper smelter  BulgariaPirdop
Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower3251,0662023SkyscraperCommercial offices, retail, residences  JapanTokyoTallest building in Japan.
Chimney of Maritza East Power Station3251,0661977/1980ChimneyPower station  BulgariaStara Zagora
WHDH-TV Tower323.81,0621994Lattice towerUHF/VHF-transmission  United StatesNewton, Massachusetts
Rameswaram TV Tower3231,059.71995Concrete and lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  IndiaTamil NaduTallest structure in India.
Q13231,0582005Skyscraper  AustraliaGold CoastTallest building (architectural top) in Australia.
Burj Al Arab3211,0531999Skyscraper  United Arab EmiratesDubai
2 Chimneys of Kirishskaya GRES3201,0501984/1986ChimneyPower station  RussiaKirishi[6]
Chimney of Ryazanskaya GRES3201,0501973ChimneyPower station  RussiaNovomichurinsk
2 Chimneys of Tobolsk TEC3201,0501983ChimneyPower station  RussiaTobolsk
Chimney of Kostromskaya GRES3201,0501980ChimneyPower station  RussiaVolgorechensk
Chimney of Zaporozhskaya GRES3201,0501972ChimneyPower station  UkraineEnerhodar
Chimney of Vuhlehirska thermal power plant3201,050197?ChimneyPower station  UkraineSvitlodarsk
Chrysler Building3191,0461930Skyscraper  United StatesNew York CityTallest structure in the world 1930–1931.
Nina Tower I3191,0462006Skyscraper  Hong KongHong Kong
New York Times Building3191,0462007Skyscraper  United StatesNew York City
Jiangsu Nanjing TV Tower318.51,0451996Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaNanjing
Grand Hyatt Manila3181,0432017SkyscraperResidential  PhilippinesTaguig, Metro ManilaThe tallest building in the Philippines.
KCTV-Tower317.61,0421956Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United StatesKansas City
Chimney of Rockport Power Plant316.41,0381984ChimneyPower station  United StatesRockport, Indiana
Magnolias Waterfront Residences at Iconsiam3161,0382018SkyscraperResidential, Hotel  ThailandBangkok
Atlanta Turner Broadcasting Tower314.31,0311967Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  United StatesAtlanta, GeorgiaDisassembled in 2010.
MahaNakhon3141,0312018SkyscraperResidential, Retail, Hotel, Observation  ThailandBangkok
Tallinn TV Tower312.31,0251980Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  EstoniaTallinn
Bank of America Plaza3121,0231992Skyscraper  United StatesAtlanta
TV Tower Yerevan311.71,0231977Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ArmeniaYerevan
Tortoise Mountain TV Tower311.41,0221986Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaWuhan
U.S. Bank Tower3111,0181990Skyscraper  United StatesLos Angeles
Menara Telekom3101,0172001Skyscraper  MalaysiaKuala Lumpur
Azeri TV Tower3101,0171996Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  AzerbaijanBaku
Chimney of Ugljevik Power Plant3101,0171985ChimneyPower station  Bosnia and HerzegovinaUgljevik
Varso3101,0172022SkyscraperOffice  PolandWarsawTallest skyscraper in the European Union.
The Shard309.61,0162012Skyscraper  United KingdomLondonTallest skyscraper in the United Kingdom
Kingdom Centre3091,0152002Skyscraper  Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel3091,0142000Skyscraper  United Arab EmiratesDubai
Sydney Tower3091,0141981Concrete towerObservation, restaurant, UHF/VHF-transmission  AustraliaSydney
Eurasia308.91,0132013Skyscraper  RussiaMoscow
AT&T Corporate Center3071,0071989Skyscraper  United StatesChicago
Chimney of Harllee Branch Power Plant3071,0071978ChimneyPower station  United StatesMilledgeville, GeorgiaDemolished on 15 October 2016
Chimney of Buschhaus Power Station3071,0071984ChimneyPower station  GermanyHelmstedt, Lower Saxony
Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower305.51,0021989Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  ChinaShenyang
JPMorgan Chase Tower3051,0021982Skyscraper  United StatesHoustonTallest five-sided skyscraper in the world.
Chimney of Harrison Power Station Scrubber3051,0011994ChimneyPower station  United StatesHaywood, West Virginia
Chimney of Robert W Scherer Power Plant3051,0011983/1985ChimneyPower station  United StatesMacon, Georgia
Chimney of Independence Power Plant3051,0011983ChimneyPower station  United StatesNewark, Arkansas
Chimney of Kyger Creek Power Plant3051,0011980ChimneyPower station  United StatesGallipolis, Ohio
Chimney of White Bluff Power Plant3051,0011980ChimneyPower station  United StatesPine Bluff, Arkansas
Chimney of Widows Creek Power Plant3051,0011977ChimneyPower station  United StatesStevenson, AlabamaDemolished on 3 December 2020
Chimney of Hal B. Wansley Power Plant3051,0011976ChimneyPower station  United StatesCarrollton, Georgia
Chimney of Kingston Power Plant3051,0011976ChimneyPower station  United StatesKingston, Tennessee
Chimney of Harrison Power Station3051,0011972/1973ChimneyPower station  United StatesHaywood, West Virginia
Chimney of Cumberland Fossil Plant3051,0011970ChimneyPower station  United StatesCumberland City, Tennessee
Chimney of W. H. Sammis Power Plant, Unit 73051,0011970ChimneyPower station  United StatesStratton, Ohio
Chimney of Conemaugh Generating Station3051,0011970ChimneyPower station  United StatesSeward, Pennsylvania
Chimney of Hayden Smelter3051,001?ChimneyPower station  United StatesHayden, Arizona
Chimney of Plant Bowen Coal3051,0011975ChimneyPower station  United StatesTaylorsville, Georgia
Chimney of Chvaletice Power Station3051,0011977ChimneyPower station  Czech RepublicChvaletice
Posco Tower-Songdo3051,0012014SkyscraperOffice, Hotel  South KoreaIncheon
Chimney of Pleasants Power Plant304.81,0001980ChimneyPower station  United StatesBelmont, West Virginia
Fazilka TV Tower304.81,0002007Lattice towerFM-/TV-broadcasting  IndiaFazilka
Baiyoke Tower II3049971997SkyscraperHotel  ThailandBangkok
Two Prudential Plaza3039951990Skyscraper  United StatesChicago
Wells Fargo Plaza3029921983Skyscraper  United StatesHouston
Chimney of Power Plant Scholven302991?ChimneyPower station  GermanyGelsenkirchen
Chimney of Power Plant Chemnitz301.89901984ChimneyPower station  GermanyChemnitz
Chimney of SASOL III Synthetic Fuel Production Plant3019881979ChimneySynthetic fuel plant  South AfricaSecundaTallest freestanding structure in Africa.
Four Season Private Residences3019882018SkyscraperResidential  ThailandBangkok
Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 101-dong3019882011SkyscraperResidential  South KoreaBusan
Commerzbank Tower300.19841997Skyscraper  GermanyFrankfurt/MainTallest skyscraper in Europe, 1997–2005.
Tallest skyscraper in European Union, 1997-2011, 2020-2021.
Gran Torre Santiago3009842013SkyscraperObservation, Commercial offices, retail  ChileSantiago de ChileTallest skyscraper in Chile, 2011–present.
Tallest skyscraper in South America, 2013-present.
Eureka Tower3009842006SkyscraperResidential  AustraliaMelbourne
Mumbai Television Tower300984?Lattice towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  IndiaMumbai
Chimney of Volzhskaya TEC-23009841988Chimney  RussiaVolzhsky
Thermal power station Kakanj3009841987Chimney  Bosnia and HerzegovinaČatići
Chimney of Prunéřov Power Station3009841981ChimneyPower station  Czech RepublicPrunéřov
Chimney of Tušimice Power Station3009841974ChimneyPower station  Czech RepublicTušimice
Chimney of Lippendorf Power Station3009841967ChimneyPower station  GermanyLippendorf, SaxonyDemolished in 2005.
3 Chimneys of Power Plant Jänschwalde3009841981ChimneyPower station  GermanyJänschwaldeDemolished in 2002–2007.
Chimney of Walsum Power Station3009841988ChimneyPower station  GermanyWalsum, North Rhine-Westphalia
Chimney of Herne Power Station3009841989ChimneyPower station  GermanyHerne, North Rhine-Westphalia
Chimney of Thierbach Power Station3009841968ChimneyPower station  GermanyEspenhain, SaxonyDemolished.
4 Chimneys of Boxberg Power Station3009841979ChimneyPower station  GermanyBoxberg, SaxonyDemolished in 2000–2012.
Chimney of Marl-Chemiepark Power Station300984?ChimneyPower station  GermanyMarl, North Rhine-WestphaliaDemolished in 1995.
Chimney of Provence Power Station3009841984ChimneyPower station  FranceGardanne
Chimney of Orot Rabin3009841981ChimneyPower station  IsraelHadera
Chimney of Bishkek TEC3009841989ChimneyPower station  KyrgyzstanBishkek
Chimney of Rybnik Power Station3009841974ChimneyPower station  PolandRybnik
Chimney of Jaworzno Power Station3009841977ChimneyPower station  PolandJaworzno
Chimney of Bełchatów Power Station300984?ChimneyPower station  PolandBełchatów
Chimney of Kozienice Power Station3009841978ChimneyPower station  PolandKozienice
Chimney of Warszawa-Kawęczyn Power Station3009841983ChimneyPower station  PolandWarsaw
Chimney of Novaky Power Plant3009841976ChimneyPower station  SlovakiaNováky
Chimney of Duvha Power Station3009841982ChimneyPower station  South AfricaWitbank
Chimney of Clifty Creek Power Plant3009841978ChimneyPower station  United StatesMadison, Indiana
BRTN Toren3009841996Concrete towerObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  BelgiumSint-Pieters-Leeuw
Abeno Harukas3009842014SkyscraperObservation  JapanOsakaTallest skyscraper in Japan.[7]
Aspire Tower3009842007SkyscraperObservation, UHF/VHF-transmission  QatarDoha

Timeline of world's tallest freestanding structures

edit
NameHeight (metres / feet)Held recordStructural typeCountryCityNotes
Göbekli Tepe5–616–2010000 BC–8000 (2000 years)TempleTurkeyAnatoliaThe earliest known temple built by humans
Tower of Jericho8.5288000 BC–4000 (4000 years)MonumentPalestineJerichoOne of the earliest ever stone monuments
Anu Ziggurat13404000 BC–2650 (1350 years)TempleIraqUruk
Pyramid of Djoser62.52052650 BC–2610 (40 years)MausoleumEgyptSaqqaraFirst Egyptian pyramid, formed of six stacked mastabas
Meidum pyramid923002610 BC–2605 (5 years)MausoleumEgyptMeidumCollapsed during construction, now 65m
Bent Pyramid104.743442605 BC–2600 (5 years)MausoleumEgyptDashurSlope angle changed during construction
Red Pyramid1053442600 BC– 2570 (30 years)MausoleumEgyptDashurFirst true pyramid
Great Pyramid of Giza1464802570 BC–1311 (3,881 years)MausoleumEgyptGizaDue to erosion today it stands at the height of 138.8 metres (455 ft).
Lincoln Cathedral159.75241311–1549 (238 years)ChurchEnglandLincolnSpire collapsed in 1549; today, stands at a height of 83 metres (272 ft).
St. Mary's Church1515001549–1569 (20 years)ChurchGermanyStralsund
Beauvais Cathedral1535021569–1573 (4 years)ChurchFranceBeauvaisSpire collapsed in 1573; today, the church stands at a height of 67.2 metres (220.5 ft).
St. Mary's Church1515001573–1647 (74 years)ChurchGermanyStralsundSpire destroyed by lightning in 1647; today stands at a height of 104 metres (341 ft).
Strasbourg Cathedral1424701647–1874 (227 years)ChurchGermany (1647, 1871–1874) and/or France (1648–1870, 1918-today)Strasbourg
St Nikolai147.34831874–1876 (2 years)ChurchGermanyHamburgThe nave was demolished by aerial bombing during World War II; only the spire remains.
Rouen Cathedral1515001876–1880 (4 years)ChurchFranceRouen
Cologne Cathedral157.45161880–1884 (4 years)ChurchGermanyCologne
Washington Monument169.35551884–1889 (5 years)MonumentUnited StatesWashington, D.C.
Eiffel Tower300.69861889–1930 (41 years)TowerFranceParisCurrently stands at a height of 330 metres (1,080 ft).
Chrysler Building3191,0461930–1931 (1 year)SkyscraperUnited StatesNew York City
Empire State Building443.21,4541931–1967 (36 years)SkyscraperUnited StatesNew York City
Ostankino Tower540.11,7721967–1975 (8 years)TowerSoviet UnionMoscow
CN Tower553.31,8151975–2007 (32 years)TowerCanadaToronto
Burj Khalifa829.82,7222007–present (16 years)SkyscraperUnited Arab EmiratesDubaiTopped-out on 17 January 2009

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ See Tallest freestanding structures by skyscraperpage.com
  2. ^ "Guinness world records tallest building unoccupied". Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  3. ^ Karp, Gregory (23 July 2013). "United completed HQ move to Willis Tower". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  4. ^ "See One World Trade Center by skyscrapercenter.com". Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  5. ^ Photo of Молдавская ГРЭС 5-я очередь. Panoramio. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
  6. ^ a b c "List of chimneys built by "Energovisotspechstroy"" (in Russian).
  7. ^ "Tallest high-rise nears completion". The Japan Times. 23 October 2013. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
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