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List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll

While submarines were invented centuries ago, development of self-propelled torpedoes during the latter half of the 19th century dramatically increased the effectiveness of military submarines.

Heavy casualties occurred when submarines sank large passenger ships converted into military transports, such as the Wilhelm Gustloff, that were overloaded with soldiers, prisoners, or refugees.

Initial submarine scouting patrols against surface warships sank several cruisers during the first month of World War I. Incidental submarine encounters with merchant ships were performed by signalling ships to stop, then sinking them after evacuation of the crew, in accordance with international law. After unrestricted submarine warfare began in February 1915, any ship could be sunk unexpectedly from the heavy underwater hull damage inflicted by torpedoes. Many large ships sank without their crews being able to alert friendly forces in time, and the submarines which sank them were too small to rescue more than a few survivors.[1]

Many personnel casualties continued through World War II, and there have been a few later sinkings.

List of ships sunk by submarines by death tolls exceeding 150

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DeathsNameTypeNational affiliationDateSubmarineNational affiliation
9,343[2]Wilhelm GustloffCruise ship converted into a military transport serving as evacuation ship  Germany30 January 1945S-13  Soviet Union
6,500[3]GoyaFreighter converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship  Germany16 April 1945L-3  Soviet Union
5,620[4]Junyō MaruPrisoner transport  Japan18 September 1944HMS Tradewind  United Kingdom
5,400[5]Toyama MaruTroopship  Japan29 June 1944USS Sturgeon  United States
4,998[6]Ryusei MaruTroopship  Japan24 February 1944USS Rasher  United States
4,406-4,755[7]Tamatsu MaruTroopship  Japan19 August 1944USS Spadefish  United States
3,608[8]General von SteubenOcean liner converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship  Germany10 February 1945S-13  Soviet Union
3,546[9]Mayasan MaruTroopship  Japan18 November 1944USS Picuda  United States
3,219[10]Nikkin MaruTroopship  Japan30 June 1944USS Tang  United States
3,000[6]Tango MaruPrisoner transport  Japan24 February 1944USS Rasher  United States
2,765[11]Lima Maru [ja]Troopship  Japan8 February 1944USS Snook  United States
2,670[5]PetrellaPrisoner transport  Germany8 February 1944HMS Sportsman  United Kingdom
2,665[7]Teia MaruTroopship  Japan19 August 1944USS Rasher  United States
2,649[12]Yoshida Maru No. 1Troopship  Japan26 April 1944USS Jack  United States
2,495[13]Yoshino MaruTroopship  Japan31 July 1944USS Parche  United States
2,475[13]Sakito MaruTroopship  Japan1 March 1944USS Trout  United States
2,246[9]Akitsu MaruAircraft carrier  Japan14 November 1944USS Queenfish  United States
2,134[14]Hawaii MaruTroopship  Japan2 December 1944USS Sea Devil  United States
2,113[15]Edogawa MaruTroopship  Japan17 November 1944USS Sunfish  United States
2,089[16]Dainichi MaruTroopship  Japan8 October 1943USS Gurnard  United States
2,035[14]Kamakura MaruTroopship  Japan28 April 1943USS Gudgeon  United States
2,008[17]Awa MaruOcean liner  Japan1 April 1945USS Queenfish  United States
2,000[5]Ural MaruOcean liner  Japan27 September 1944USS Flasher  United States
2,000[18]SalzburgTransport ship serving as prisoner transport  Germany1 October 1942M-118  Soviet Union
1,934[13]Nichiren MaruTroopship  Japan16 March 1944USS Tautog  United States
1,926[19]Principe UmbertoTroopship  Italy8 June 1916SM U-5  Austria-Hungary
1,773[20]Arisan MaruPrisoner transport  Japan24 October 1944USS Snook or USS Shark  United States
1,747[13]Arabia MaruTroopship  Japan18 October 1944USS Bluegill  United States
1,704[13]Denmark MaruTroopship  Japan16 January 1944USS Whale  United States
1,658[21]LaconiaOcean liner/Troopship  United Kingdom12 September 1942U-156  Germany
1,650[22]TaihōAircraft carrier  Japan19 June 1944USS Albacore  United States
1,602[13]Daisyō MaruTroopship  Japan26 October 1944USS Drum  United States
1,576[13]Marei MaruTroopship  Japan25 January 1945USS Silversides  United States
1,540[6]Kōshū MaruPrisoner transport  Japan4 August 1944USS Ray  United States
1,539[13]Kenzui MaruTroopship  Japan23 December 1944USS Blenny  United States
1,529[23]Tsushima MaruCargo liner serving as evacuation ship  Japan22 August 1944USS Bowfin  United States
1,471[13]Jinyō MaruTroopship  Japan7 December 1944USS Trepang  United States
1,451[13]Hakuyo MaruTroopship  Japan25 October 1944USS Seal  United States
1,450[13]Maebashi MaruTroopship  Japan30 September 1943USS Pogy  United States
1,435[14]ShinanoAircraft carrier  Japan29 November 1944USS Archerfish  United States
1,428[13]Shiranesan MaruTroopship  Japan19 October 1944USS Raton  United States
1,400[14]Tatsuta MaruTroopship  Japan9 February 1943USS Tarpon  United States
1,394[14]Mizuho MaruTroopship  Japan21 September 1944USS Redfish  United States
1,384[14]Fuso MaruTroopship  Japan31 July 1944USS Steelhead  United States
1,338[24]GalliaTroopship  France8 October 1916SM U-35  Germany
1,310[14]Awata MaruTroopship  Japan22 October 1943USS Grayback  United States
1,300AshigaraHeavy cruiser  Japan8 June 1945HMS Trenchant  United Kingdom
1,291[25]Conte RossoTroopship  Italy24 May 1941HMS Upholder  United Kingdom
1,279[26]Khedive IsmailTroopship  United Kingdom12 February 1944I-27  Japan
1,273[14]Tsuyama MaruTroopship  Japan2 October 1944USS Pomfret  United States
1,272[14]ShōkakuAircraft carrier  Japan19 June 1944USS Cavalla  United States
1,262[14]Nichiran MaruTroopship  Japan12 July 1944USS Piranha  United States
1,250[14]ChūyōAircraft carrier  Japan4 December 1943USS Sailfish  United States
1,240[14]UnryūAircraft carrier  Japan19 December 1944USS Redfish  United States
1,197[27]LusitaniaOcean liner  United Kingdom7 May 1915SM U-20  Germany
1,200[6]Takachiho Maru [ja]Ocean liner  Japan19 March 1943USS Kingfish  United States
1,200[28]KongōBattleship  Japan21 November 1944USS Sealion  United States
1,188[29]Yasukuni MaruTroopship  Japan24 January 1944USS Trigger  United States
1,184[13]Rashin MaruTroopship  Japan8 August 1945USS Pargo  United States
1,159[14]Rakuyo MaruPrisoner transport  Japan12 September 1944USS Sealion  United States
1,130[30]ShinyoAircraft carrier  Japan17 November 1944USS Spadefish  United States
1,118[13]Hakozaki MaruOcean liner  Japan19 March 1945USS Balao  United States
1,073[14]Fukuyo MaruTroopship  Japan6 December 1944USS Segundo  United States
1,053[31]Montevideo MaruPrisoner transport  Japan1 July 1942USS Sturgeon  United States
995[32]GalileaTroopship  Italy28 March 1942HMS Proteus  United Kingdom
956[14]Taihei MaruTroopship  Japan9 July 1944USS Sunfish  United States
935[33]HMT Royal EdwardTroopship  United Kingdom13 August 1915SM UB-14  Germany
921[34]Città di PalermoArmed merchant cruiser serving as troopship  Italy5 January 1942HMS Proteus  United Kingdom
930[35]La ProvenceTroopship  France26 February 1916SM U-35  Germany
883[36]USS IndianapolisHeavy cruiser  United States30 July 1945I-58  Japan
880[37]VeronaTroopship  Italy11 May 1918SM UC-52  Germany
870[38]MinasTroopship  Italy15 February 1917SM U-39  Germany
866[39][40]ScillinCargo ship serving as POW ship  Italy14 November 1942HMS Sahib  United Kingdom
865[41]Arandora StarOcean liner serving as POW ship  United Kingdom2 July 1940U-47  Germany
862[42]HMS BarhamBattleship  United Kingdom25 November 1941U-331  Germany
856[43]Nova ScotiaTroopship/POW ship  United Kingdom28 November 1942U-177  Germany
856[13]Tenryō MaruTroopship  Japan29 May 1945USS Sterlet  United States
846[44]Lisbon MaruPrisoner transport  Japan1 October 1942USS Grouper  United States
819[45]LeopoldvilleTroopship  Belgium24 December 1944U-486  Germany
817[14]Taiyō Maru [ja]Ocean liner  Japan8 May 1942USS Grenadier  United States
810[14]Akane MaruTroopship  Japan6 October 1944USS Whale  United States
800[25]Francesco CrispiTroopship  Italy19 April 1943HMS Saracen  United Kingdom
786[46]HMS Royal OakBattleship  United Kingdom14 October 1939U-47  Germany
768[47]StrumaMotor schooner  Panama24 February 1942Shch-213  Soviet Union
754[48]AthosOcean liner  France17 February 1917SM U-65  Germany
747[14]TaiyōAircraft carrier  Japan18 August 1944USS Rasher  United States
740[49]Le CalvadosTroopship  France4 November 1915SM U-38  Germany
700[50]ShuntienCoastal merchant ship serving as POW ship  United Kingdom23 December 1941U-559  Germany
688[51]Shinyō MaruPrisoner transport  Japan7 September 1944USS Paddle  United States
686[13]Taisei MaruTroopship  Japan19 April 1945USS Sunfish  United States
684[52]Léon GambettaArmored cruiser  France27 April 1915SM U-5  Austria-Hungary
683[53]USS JuneauAnti-Air cruiser  United States13 November 1942I-26  Japan
675[54]DorchesterTroopship  United States3 February 1943U-223  Germany
672[55]SMS Prinz AdalbertArmored cruiser  Germany23 October 1915HMS E8  United Kingdom
668[13]Nikkō MaruPassenger and cargo ship  Japan9 April 1945USS Tirante  United States
667[56]Taito MaruCargo ship serving as evacuation ship  Japan22 August 1945L-12  Soviet Union
658[13]Tateyama MaruTroopship  Japan1 March 1945USS Sterlet  United States
656[13]Sanka MaruTroopship  Japan10 March 1945USS Kete  United States
654[57]CeramicOcean liner  United Kingdom7 December 1942U-515  Germany
648[58]SuffrenPre-dreadnought battleship  France26 November 1916SM U-52  Germany
644[59]USS Liscombe BayEscort carrier  United States24 November 1943I-175  Japan
643[60]HMS HampshireArmored cruiser  United Kingdom5 June 1916SM U-75  Germany
638[61]Sant AnnaTroopship  France11 May 1918SM UC-54  Germany
638[62]Ogasawara Maru [ja]Cable layer serving as evacuation ship  Japan22 August 1945L-12  Soviet Union
615[6]Suez MaruPrisoner transport  Japan29 November 1943USS Bonefish  United States
611[63]Sidi-Bel-AbbèsTroopship  France20 April 1943U-565  Germany
610[64]HMT AragonTroopship  United Kingdom30 December 1917SM UC-34  Germany
599[65]America MaruOcean liner serving as evacuation ship  Japan6 March 1944USS Nautilus  United States
597[66]PalladaProtected cruiser  Russia11 October 1914SM U-26  Germany
595[67]Tamahoko MaruPrisoner transport  Japan24 June 1944USS Tang  United States
574[68]Nigitsu MaruDepot ship serving as troopship  Japan12 January 1944USS Hake  United States
570[69]TrentoHeavy cruiser  Italy15 June 1942HMS Umbra  United Kingdom
564[70]LeinsterIrish Sea Ferry  United Kingdom10 October 1918SM UB-123  Germany
562[71]HMS CressyArmored cruiser  United Kingdom22 September 1914SM U-9  Germany
555[72]EuterpeTroopship  Austria-Hungary11 August 1918F 7  Italy
547[73]HMS FormidablePre-dreadnought battleship  United Kingdom1 January 1915SM U-24  Germany
544[74]Konron Maru [ja]Troopship  Japan5 October 1943USS Wahoo  United States
527[75]HMS AboukirArmored cruiser  United Kingdom22 September 1914SM U-9  Germany
526[76]HMS HawkeProtected cruiser  United Kingdom15 October 1914SM U-9  Germany
523[12]Aden MaruTroopship  Japan6 May 1944USS Gurnard  United States
518[46]HMS CourageousAircraft carrier  United Kingdom17 September 1939U-29  Germany
514[77]HMS AvengerEscort carrier  United Kingdom15 November 1942U-155  Germany
503[13]Nankin MaruTroopship  Japan17 March 1945USS Spot  United States
500~[78]RooseboomTroopship  Netherlands1 March 1942I-59  Japan
497[79]TembienCargo ship serving as POW ship  Italy27 February 1942HMS Upholder  United Kingdom
488[14]Kachidoki Maru [ja]Prisoner transport  Japan12 September 1944USS Pampanito  United States
484[80]YomaTroopship  United Kingdom17 June 1943U-81  Germany
484[81][82]Armando DiazLight cruiser  Italy25 February 1941HMS Upright  United Kingdom
470[83]HMS GalateaLight cruiser  United Kingdom14 December 1941U-557  Germany
461[6]Ikoma MaruPrisoner transport  Japan20 January 1944USS Seahorse  United States
452[14]Kenjo MaruTroopship  Japan7 December 1944USS Razorback  United States
450[84]Bahia LauraTroopship  Germany30 August 1941HMS Trident  United Kingdom
450[85]TamaLight cruiser  Japan20 October 1944USS Jallao  United States
448[15]Seisho MaruTroopship  Japan18 November 1944USS Sunfish  United States
440[86]Asama MaruPrisoner transport  Japan1 November 1944USS Atule  United States
436[87]DjemnahOcean liner  France14 July 1918SM UB-105  Germany
432[88]Città di MessinaTroopship  Italy12 January 1941HMS Regent  United Kingdom
419[89]HMS DunedinLight cruiser  United Kingdom24 November 1941U-124  Germany
417[90]HMS PenelopeLight cruiser  United Kingdom18 February 1944U-410  Germany
414[91]TransylvaniaTroopship  United Kingdom4 May 1917SM U-63  Germany
400[92]BalkanTroopship  France16 August 1918SM UB-48  Germany
392[93]Empress of CanadaTroopship  United Kingdom13 March 1943Leonardo da Vinci  Italy
381[94]Giovanni delle Bande NereLight cruiser  Italy1 April 1942HMS Urge  United Kingdom
379[95]BrazzaOcean liner  France28 May 1940U-37  Germany
375[96]HMS HogueArmored cruiser  United Kingdom22 September 1914SM U-9  Germany
374[97]Amiral CharnerArmored cruiser  France8 February 1916SM U-21  Germany
373[98]Marina RaskovaMerchant ship  Soviet Union13 August 1944U-365  Germany
369[99]HMS FidelityQ-ship  United Kingdom30 December 1942U-435  Germany
364[100]DoggerbankBlockade runner  Germany3 March 1943U-43  Germany
362[101]AbossoOcean liner  United Kingdom29 October 1942U-575  Germany
360[102]CalabriaCargo and passenger liner  United Kingdom8 December 1940U-103  Germany
360[103]Almeda StarOcean liner  United Kingdom17 January 1941U-96  Germany
360[104]AtagoHeavy cruiser  Japan23 October 1944USS Darter  United States
349[105]NagaraLight cruiser  Japan7 August 1944USS Croaker  United States
344[106]MedjerdaTroopship  France11 May 1917SM U-34  Germany
343[107]EmmaCargo ship/Troopship  Italy16 January 1943HMS Splendid  United Kingdom
336[108]MayaHeavy cruiser  Japan23 October 1944USS Dace  United States
336[109]DianaAviso/Sloop  Italy29 June 1942HMS Thrasher  United Kingdom
334[110]PersiaOcean liner  United Kingdom30 December 1915SM U-38  Germany
330[111]NatoriLight cruiser  Japan18 August 1944USS Hardhead  United States
323[112]ARA General BelgranoLight cruiser  Argentina2 May 1982HMS Conqueror  United Kingdom
320[113]Sebastiano VenierCargo ship serving as POW ship  Italy9 December 1941HMS Porpoise  United Kingdom
307[6]UrakazeDestroyer  Japan21 November 1944USS Sealion II  United States
305[6]MefküreMotor schooner  Turkey5 August 1944Shch-215  Soviet Union
300[114]Andrea SgarallinoPassenger ship  Italy22 September 1943HMS Uproar  United Kingdom
272[115]Henry R. MalloryTroopship  United States7 February 1943U-402  Germany
270[116]BaependyCargo liner  Brazil15 August 1942U-507  Germany
268[117]AHS CentaurHospital ship  Australia14 May 1943I-177  Japan
258City of BenaresOcean liner serving as child evacuation ship  United Kingdom17 September 1940U-48  Germany
226YamakazeDestroyer  Japan25 June 1942USS Nautilus  United States
194[118]INS KhukriFrigate  India9 December 1971PNS Hangor  Pakistan
193[119]USS WaspAircraft carrier  United States15 September 1942I-19  Japan

See also

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References

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  69. ^ Giuseppe Fioravanzo, "La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale – Volume II – La guerra nel Mediterraneo – Le azioni navali – Tomo Secondo: dal 1° aprile 1941 all’8 settembre 1943", Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare italiana
  70. ^ Donal Byrne (10 October 2018). "The Sinking of RMS Leinster and SS Dundalk". RTE. Retrieved 10 October 2018. On that morning the Leinster carried about 180 civilians, 77 crew, some 500 soldiers and 22 postal workers. ... One hundred years on, the records of how many were on the Leinster are still being probed and the death toll updated. As of six weeks ago, the figure stands at 564.
  71. ^ "Cressy". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  72. ^ "P.fo Euterpe". DIRItalia.
  73. ^ Tarrant, V.E. (2000). The U-Boat Offensive 1914–1945. Sterling Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 1-85409-520-X.
  74. ^ Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 185. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
  75. ^ "Aboukir". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  76. ^ "Hawke". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  77. ^ "HMS Avenger (D14)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  78. ^ "SS Rooseboom (+1942)". WreckSite. 4 November 2012.
  79. ^ Giorgerini, Giorgio. La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943 (in Italian). p. 519.
  80. ^ "Yoma". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  81. ^ "Ritrovato il relitto dell'incrociatore Diaz". Giornale di Vicenza (in Italian). Luca Valente. 13 April 2005. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014.
  82. ^ Other sources (Giorgio Giorgerini, La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina fra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943, and Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale) says 500 victims, other 464.
  83. ^ "HMS Galatea (71)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  84. ^ "Prince Line". The Merchant Navy Association. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  85. ^ Hackett, Robert; Kingsepp, Sander (1997–2012). "IJN Light Cruiser Tama: Tabular Record of Movement". Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Cruiser Force. combinedfleet.com.
  86. ^ Pocock, Michael W (27 December 2007). "Asama Maru (1929)". MaritimeQuest.
  87. ^ "Djemnah". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  88. ^ "Città di Messina". conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.it. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  89. ^ "HMS Dunedin (D93)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  90. ^ "HMS Penelope (97)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  91. ^ "SS Transylvania". Clydebuilt. Archived from the original on 7 January 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  92. ^ "Balkan". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  93. ^ Jordan, Roger (2006). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 110. ISBN 1-59114-959-2.
  94. ^ "Vita operativa degli incrociatori". Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri. 1979.
  95. ^ "Brazza". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  96. ^ "Hogue". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  97. ^ "Amiral Charner". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  98. ^ "Marina Raskova". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  99. ^ "HMS Fidelity (D57)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  100. ^ "Doggerbank". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  101. ^ "Abosso". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  102. ^ "Calabria". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  103. ^ "Almeda Star". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  104. ^ Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory. J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 730.
  105. ^ "IJN Nagara: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  106. ^ "Medjerda". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  107. ^ Rocca, Gianni. Fucilate gli ammiragli: La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale. pp. 273–274.
  108. ^ Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941–1945). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 328.
  109. ^ Cernuschi, Enrico; Brescia, Maurizio; Bagnasco, Erminio. Le navi ospedale italiane 1935–1945. p. 44.
  110. ^ "Persia". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  111. ^ "IJN Natori: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  112. ^ "The sinking of the ARA General Belgrano". Bob Henneman. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  113. ^ Kemble, Mine. "British Submarine HMS Porpoise". British Submarines of World War 2. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  114. ^ "L'affondamento dello Sgarallino" (PDF). Mucchio Selvaggio. pp. 49–52. Other sources say about 330 people were killed.[citation needed]
  115. ^ Arnold, Hague (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. p. 137. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
  116. ^ Scheina, Robert L. "Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001" Potomac Books, 2003. p. 161. ISBN 9781574884524
  117. ^ "Centaur (Hospital ship) | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  118. ^ "09/12/1971 – Submarine PNS Hangor Sinks INS Khukri". Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  119. ^ "USS Wasp (Wasp-class)". World War II Database.
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