Tropical cyclones are non-frontal, low-pressure systems that develop, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft.[1] Within the Australian region, names are assigned from three pre-determined lists, to such systems, once they reach or exceed ten–minute sustained wind speeds of 65 km/h (40 mph), near the center, by either the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service or Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika.[1] Within the Australian region, tropical cyclones have been officially named since the 1963–64 Australian region cyclone season, though several meteorological papers show that a few tropical cyclones were named before 1964–65.[2][3][4] The names of significant tropical cyclones that cause a high amount of damage and/or loss of life are retired from the lists of tropical cyclone names by the World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee at their bi-annual meeting. Storms named by Port Moresby are automatically retired regardless of their impact due to their infrequent occurrence.[1]
Within the Australian region, there have been a total of 134 tropical cyclone names retired. Among the retired storms are cyclones Gwenda and Inigo, two of the most intense systems ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere; both attained a barometric pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg). The deadliest cyclone to have its named retired was Cyclone Seroja in 2021, which killed 272 people in Indonesia, East Timor and Australia, while the most damaging system to have its name retired was Severe Tropical Cyclone Tracy in 1974 which devastated the city of Darwin, leaving A$837 million (A$5.65 billion 2019 AUD; US$2.64 billion 2019 USD) in losses.
Background
editWithin the region the credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems, is generally given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named systems between 1887 and 1907.[5] Wragge used names drawn from the letters of the Greek alphabet, Greek and Roman mythology and female names, to describe weather systems including tropical cyclones over Australia, New Zealand and the Antarctic.[5] After the new Australian government had failed to create a federal weather bureau and appoint him director, Wragge started naming cyclones after political figures.[6] This system of naming weather systems subsequently fell into disuse for several years after Wragge retired, before the Australian Bureau of Meteorology started to use female names for tropical cyclones in the region during the 1963–64 cyclone season.[5]
During the International Women's Year of 1975 the Australian Science Minister ordered that tropical cyclones, within the Australian region, should carry both men's and women's names.[5] This was because the minister thought "that both sexes should bear the odium of the devastation caused by cyclones."[5] As a result, male names were added to the lists of names for both basins, ahead of the 1975–76 season.[5][7]
The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Northern Atlantic basin, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[8] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, however, it was decided at the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference, that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[8][9] Several names have been removed from the Pacific naming lists for various other reasons than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, which include being pronounced in a very similar way to other names and political reasons.[10][11]
Tropical cyclone names retired
edit1960s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Audrey | 7–14 January 1964 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | Not specified | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | Extensive | None | [12] |
| Flora | 1–5 December 1964 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | Extensive | None | [13] |
| Dinah | 22–31 January 1967 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Queensland | Severe | None | [14] |
| 3 names | 7 January 1964 – 31 January 1967 | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Severe | None | [nb 1] | ||
1970s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Ada | 1–19 January 1970 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) | Queensland | $8.9 million | 13 | [16] |
| Dora | 10–17 February 1971 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Queensland | Widespread | None | [17] |
| Gertie Fiona | 10–28 February 1971 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | [19] | |
| Althea | 10–27 December 1971 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Queensland | $18.5 million | 3 | [23] |
| Daisy | 5–16 February 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) | Queensland | $1.48 million | None | [23] |
| Emily | 27 March – 2 April 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Queensland | 8 | [27] | |
| Madge | 8–18 March 1973 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 952 hPa (28.11 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | [28] | |
| Wanda | 20–25 January 1974 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Queensland, New South Wales | $50.4 million | 16 | [23] |
| Tracy | 21–26 December 1974 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Northern Territory | $1.48 billion | 71 | [23] |
| Trixie | 15–22 February 1975 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Western Australia | $3.71 million | None | [30] |
| Joan | 30 November – 10 December 1975 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Western Australia | $18.6 million | None | [31] |
| Beth | 13–22 February 1976 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Queensland | $3.13 million | None | [nb 2] |
| Ted | 15–21 December 1976 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Queensland | None | [33] | |
| Alby | 27 March – 5 April 1978 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Western Australia | 37.1 million | None | [23] |
| 14 names | 1 January 1970 – 5 April 1978 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | $1.62 billion | 111 | |||
1980s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Simon | 21–28 February 1980 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Queensland, New Zealand | Minor | None | [35] |
| Cliff | 8–15 February 1981 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | New Caledonia, Queensland, Vanuatu | Unknown | None | |
| Daphne | 11–21 January 1982 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| Dominic | 4–13 April 1982 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Queensland | 3.6 million | None | |
| Elinor | 10 February – 3 March 1983 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Queensland | Minor | None | [36] |
| Jane | 2–11 January 1983 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | |
| Kathy | 16–24 March 1984 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Cape York Peninsula, Northern Territory | $12 million | 1 | [37] |
| Lance | 4–7 April 1984 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland | None | [39] | |
| Nigel | 14–20 January 1985 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Vanuatu, Fiji | None | ||
| Sandy | 20–24 March 1985 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | None | [40] | |
| Margot | 10–25 April 1985 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) | Western Australia | None | ||
| Winifred | 27 January – 5 February 1986 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 957 hPa (28.26 inHg) | Queensland | $130 million | 2 | |
| Manu | 21–27 April 1986 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Queensland | Extensive | None | [41] |
| Connie | 15–23 January 1987 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Western Australia | None | ||
| Jason | 5–14 February 1987 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Territory | None | ||
| Elsie | 22–27 February 1987 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Western Australia | None | ||
| Agi | 8–16 January 1988 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia | None | [42] | |
| Charlie | 21 February – 1 March 1988 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Queensland | $200,000 | 1 | [43] |
| Herbie | 17–21 May 1988 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Western Australia | $20 million | None | [44] |
| Ilona | 12–19 December 1988 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Western Australia | $741,800 | None | |
| Delilah | 28 December 1988 – 4 January 1989 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | New Caledonia, New Zealand | 2 | ||
| Ned | 25 March – 1 April 1989 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | [46] |
| Aivu | 31 March – 5 April 1989 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Queensland | $90 million | 1 | [47] |
| Orson | 17–24 April 1989 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Western Australia | $16 million | 5 | [48] |
| Pedro | 6–13 November 1989 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Cocos Island | Minor | None | [49] |
| Felicity | 13–20 December 1989 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Cape York Peninsula | Minor | None | [49] |
1990s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Tina | 25–28 January 1990 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | [49] |
| Ivor | March 15–26, 1990 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Cape York Peninsula | $15 million | None | [51] |
| Joy | 15–27 December 1990 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Queensland | $135 million | 6 | [53] |
| Fifi | 15–20 April 1991 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Western Australia | $1.03 million | 29 | |
| Mark | 6–10 January 1992 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | $3.5 million | None | [55] |
| Ian | 27 February – 3 March 1992 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Western Australia | None | [56] | |
| Nina | 21 December 1992 – 5 January 1993 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Queensland, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Wallis and Futuna | $1 million | 32 | [57] |
| Lena | 22 January – 2 February 1993 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Oliver | 5–14 February 1993 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Queensland | None | [58] | |
| Roger | 12–21 March 1993 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | None | [59] | |
| Adel | 13–15 May 1993 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | 3 | [60] | |
| Naomi | 15–18 December 1993 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Western Australia | None | [61] | |
| Pearl | 11–21 January 1994 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [62] |
| Quenton | 22–29 January 1994 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Theodore | 22–28 February 1994 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | Unknown | 1 | |
| Sharon | 12–22 March 1994 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Indonesia, Western Australia | None | None | [63] |
| Annette | 12–20 December 1994 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Western Australia, South Australia | None | [64] | |
| Bobby | 19–27 February 1995 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | 8 | [65] | |
| Violet | 3–6 March 1995 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Lord Howe Island, New South Wales | Minor | None | [66] |
| Warren | 4–6 March 1995 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | None | [68] | |
| Chloe | 3–9 April 1995 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | None | None | |
| Agnes | 16–22 April 1995 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | None | None | None | [69] |
| Frank | 6–13 December 1995 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| Gertie | 17–22 December 1995 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Australia | None | [70] | |
| Barry | 4–7 January 1996 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [71] |
| Celeste | 26–29 January 1996 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Queensland | None | [72] | |
| Ethel | 7–13 March 1996 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | None | [73] | |
| Kirsty | 7–14 March 1996 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Western Australia | None | [74] | |
| Olivia | 5–12 April 1996 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Western Australia, South Australia | None | [75] | |
| Lindsay | 9–13 July 1996 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Fergus | 23 December 1996 – 1 January 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Zealand | 4 | ||
| Rachel | 3–8 January 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | Minor | None | [76] |
| Justin | 6–24 March 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Queensland | $190 million | 37 | [77] |
| Rhonda | 11–17 May 1997 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Cocos Islands, Western Australia | None | None | [78] |
| Katrina | 1–25 January 1998 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Queensland | $8.66 million | 2 | [79] |
| Sid | 24–29 December 1998 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Northern Territory | $100 million | 1 | [80] |
| Thelma | 3–15 December 1998 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | 1 | ||
| Rona | 10–21 February 1999 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Eastern Australia, New Caledonia | $150 million | 7 | [81] |
| Vance | 16–23 March 1999 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | -$303 million | None | |
| Elaine | 16–20 March 1999 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Western Australia | None | [82] | |
| Gwenda | 2–8 April 1999 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Western Australia | Minimal | None | |
| John | 10–15 December 1999 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Western Australia | $300 million | None | [82] |
2000s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Steve | 25 February – 11 March 2000 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Australia, Western Australia | $90 million | 1 | [83][84] |
| Tessi | 1–3 April 2000 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland | $60 million | None | [83] |
| Rosita | 17–21 April 2000 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Western Australia | None | [85] | |
| Sam | 28 November – 10 December 2000 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | North-Western Australia | None | [86] | |
| Abigail | 24 February – 8 March 2001 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | ||
| Upia | 21–29 May 2002 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | Unknown | Unknown | [87] |
| Erica | 1–17 March 2003 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Queensland, New Caledonia | None | ||
| Graham | 27 February – 1 March 2003 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | 1 | [88] |
| Inigo | 31 March – 8 April 2003 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Indonesia, Western Australia | None | ||
| Epi | 5–6 June 2003 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | Unknown | Unknown | [89][citation needed] |
| Monty | 25 February – 3 March 2004 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Western Australia | None | ||
| Fay | 12–28 March 2004 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | North-Western Australia | None | ||
| Harvey | 3–7 February 2005 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | Northern Territory | None | ||
| Ingrid | 4–16 March 2005 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Northern Australia | None | ||
| Clare | 6–10 January 2006 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Western Australia | $2.35 million | None | [83] |
| Larry | 15–20 March 2006 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Queensland | $1.18 billion | None | [83] |
| Glenda | 22–31 March 2006 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Western Australia | $965,000 | None | |
| Monica | 16–27 April 2006 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | $5.1 million | None | |
| George | 27 February – 11 March 2007 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | North-Western Australia | $100 million | 2 | [83] |
| Guba | 11-20 November 2007 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | Papua New Guinea | $71.4 million | 149 | [83] |
| Helen | 1–7 January 2008 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Territory | 1 | [91] | |
| Durga | 20–26 April 2008 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | None | None | None | [92] |
| Hamish | 4–14 March 2009 | Category 5 tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) | Queensland | $38 million | 2 | [93] |
| Laurence | 8–23 December 2009 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Western Australia | $8.9 million | None | [94] |
2010s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Magda | 18–24 January 2010 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | [96] |
| Tasha | 20 — 25 December 2010 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Queensland | Unknown | 1 | [97] |
| Carlos | 12–27 February 2011 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | $12.3 million | None | |
| Heidi | 9–13 January 2012 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Western Australia | Minimal | None | [98] |
| Jasmine | 31 January – 16 February 2012 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Tonga | |||
| Lua | 10–18 March 2012 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Western Australia | $230 million | None | [100] |
| Oswald | 17–29 January 2013 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Eastern Australia | $2.28 billion | 6 | [102] |
| Rusty | 22–28 February 2013 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| Christine | 25 December 2013 – 1 January 2014 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| Ita | 1–14 April 2014 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Queensland, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand | $1.15 billion | 22 | [83][nb 3] |
| Lam | 12–20 February 2015 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | Northern Australia | $64.4 million | None | |
| Marcia | 15–26 February 2015 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | Queensland | $591 million | None | |
| Olwyn | 8–14 April 2015 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Western Australia | $76.3 million | None | |
| Quang | 27 April – 1 May 2015 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Western Australia | Minimal | None | |
| Debbie | 23 March – 7 April 2017 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | Queensland | $2.67 billion | 14 | |
| Marcus | 14–27 March 2018 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | $75 million | None | [105] |
| Trevor | 15–26 March 2019 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | >$750,000 | None | |
| Veronica | 18–31 March 2019 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 928 hPa (27.40 inHg) | Western Australia | $1.65 billion | None | |
2020s
edit| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) | Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Damien | 3–9 February 2020 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Western Australia | $4.3 million | None | |
| Harold | 1–11 April 2020 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga | $169 million | ≥30 | |
| Mangga | 19 – 23 May 2020 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed] |
| Seroja | 3–12 April 2021 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | Indonesia, East Timor, Western Australia | $491 million | 272 | |
| Seth | 24 December 2021 – 6 January 2022 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | $75 million | 4 | |
| Freddy | 5 – 6 February 2023 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 951 hPa (28.08 inHg) | Mascarene Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi | $655 million | 1,434 | |
| Gabrielle | 10 – 11 February 2023 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Norfolk Island, New Zealand | $8.4 billion | 11 (1) | [106] |
| Ilsa | 5–16 April 2023 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Indonesia, Northern Territory, Western Australia | $2.7 million | 0 (8) | [107][108][109] |
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Reference for the names retired between 1963 and 2020.[1]
- ^ This damage total was originally reported in Australian Dollars and was converted to United States Dollars via the fxtop website.[32]
- ^ Insurance claims in New Zealand associated with the remnants of Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita amounted to NZ$55.3 million.[103] According to the Oanda Corporations currency converter this amounts to US$47.9 million.[104]
- ^ EM-DAT provides a damage estimate of US$24 million for Cyclone Ita's damage to the Solomon Islands.[83] According to the Oanda Corporations currency converter this amounts to around AU$25 million.[104]
References
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