The first Iranian newspapers appeared in the mid-19th century during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah.[1] More specifically, the first newspaper in Iran, Kaghaz-e Akhbar (The Newspaper), was launched for the government by Mirza Saleh Shirazi in 1837.[2] By 1907 (the era of the Persian Constitutional Revolution), there were 90 newspapers circulating in Iran.[3]
In 1952 under Mohammad Musaddiq's government there were 300 newspapers, including twenty-five dailies.[4] During the 1979 revolution the number of newspapers was 100, of which twenty-three were dailies.[4]
As of 2000 there were 23 Persian dailies, three English dailies and one Arabic daily in the country.[5] In the period between 2000 and 2004 a total of 85 newspapers were closed down in Iran.[6]
Iranian newspapers
editBelow is a list of newspapers published in Iran.
| Title | Year est. | Language | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abrar[7] | Persian | Economic, political, artistic, social and cultural newspapers | |
| Alik (daily)[8] | 1931 | Armenian | Economic, political, artistic, social and cultural newspapers |
| Abrar-e Varzeshi[9] | Persian | Sports newspaper | |
| Afarinesh | Persian | ||
| Aftab Yazd[10] | 2000 | Persian | Political, social, economic, events. |
| Aftab-e Emruz[11] | persian | political | |
| Aftab-e Shargh | Persian | ||
| Andisheh-ye-No | Persian | currently banned[citation needed] | |
| Asia News | 2001 | Persian | Economic Newspaper |
| Asr-e Azadegan | 1999 | Persian | |
| Asr-e Maa[12] | 1991 | Persian | political |
| Asrar | Persian | ||
| Azad | Persian | ||
| Atash | 1946–1947 | Persian | |
| Bahar | 2000 | ||
| Donyaye eqtesad[13] | 2002 | Persian | |
| Ebtekar[14] | Persian | ||
| Eftekhar[15] | Persian | ||
| Entekhab | 1991 | Persian | |
| Eqbal | persian | ||
| Esfahan-e Emrooz[16] | Persian | ||
| Etemad[17] | 2002 | Persian | |
| Etemaad-e Melli | Persian | "Official newspaper of the National Trust Party"[18] | |
| Ettelaat | 1926 | English, Persian | "Centrist...Iran's oldest daily, moderate, a newspaper of record"[19] |
| Fath | Persian | ||
| Financial Tribune | 2014 | English | The only private newspaper in English and also the only non-Persian economic daily in Iran |
| Ghanoon | 2012 | Persian | |
| Gilan Emrouz[20] | Persian | ||
| Goalnewspaper[21] | 2005 | Persian | Sport newspaper |
| Ham-Mihan | 2000 | ||
| Hambastegi[22] | 2000 | Persian | |
| Hamshahri | 1992 | Persian | "Centrist press...Owned by Tehran Municipality, it is one of the best-selling dailies with a circulation of about 350,000"[19] |
| Hamvatan Salam[23][24] | Persian | Meaning "Hello Compatriot"; since before 1995,[25] still published as of August 2023[update][24] | |
| Hayat-e-No | Persian | currently banned[citation needed] | |
| Hemmat | 1981 | Persian | |
| Iran[26] | 1995 | Persian | "Government newspaper published by the Islamic Republic News Agency. The daily has a circulation of 100,000 and is popular among state officials"[18] |
| Iran Daily[27] | English | "Hardliner press...Pro-government"[19] | |
| Iran Weekly Press Digest | |||
| Iran-e Javan[28] | Persian | Cultural, artistic, sports, social | |
| Iran Front Page[29] | 2014 | English | Translation of selected items and front pages of Iranian newspapers to English: politics, society, culture, science, business, art, sports |
| Iran-e Varzeshi[30] | Persian | Sport newspaper | |
| Jame-Jam | 2002 | Persian | "Owned by the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting...hardliner"[18] |
| Jamee-e Madani | Persian | ||
| Jameah | Persian | currently banned | |
| Javan[31] | Persian | "Hardliner...Right-wing daily affiliated with the Revolutionary Guards"[19] | |
| Jomhouri Eslami[32] | 1979 | Persian | "Hardliner...Closely linked to the Supreme Leader. The paper takes the line of adherence to Khomeini's ideals and has consistently taken a radical position on foreign policy issues and a conservative position on domestic and religious issues."[19] |
| Jomhuriat[33] | Persian | ||
| Kalemeh Sabz | Associated with "Green Movement leader, Mir-Hossein Mousavi"[18] | ||
| Kayhan[34] | 1943 | English, Persian | "Hardliner...One of the country's oldest daily papers, run after the revolution by the office of the Supreme Leader, who appoints the editor-in-chief, currently Hossein Shariatmadari. Kayhan is state-funded and has a role comparable to "Pravda" under Stalin."[19] |
| Kayhan Al Arabi[35] | 1943 | Arabic | "Hardliner...One of the country's oldest daily papers, run after the revolution by the office of the Supreme Leader, who appoints the editor-in-chief, currently Hossein Shariatmadari. Kayhan is state-funded and has a role comparable to "Pravda" under Stalin."[19] |
| Kelid | 2013 | ||
| Khabar | Persian | ||
| Khabar-e Jonub | Persian | ||
| Khane Mellat | Persian | ||
| Khorasan[36][37] | 1949 | persian | Political, social. |
| Khordad | Persian | ||
| Khorshid | 2008 | Persian | |
| Kian | Persian | ||
| navad 90 (varzeshi)[38] | Persian | Sport | |
| Neshat | 1998 | Persian | "Aligned with Iran’s reform movement...Neshat’s director and editor in chief were Latif Safari and Mashallah Shamsolvaezi"[18] |
| Payam Ashna | Persian | the first newspaper of Alborz province | |
| Payam Zaman | Persian | ||
| Quds[39] | Persian | ||
| Resalat[40] | 1985 | Persian | "Hardliner...Owned by the Resalat Foundation, which has strong links to the traditional bazaar merchants-conservative but in favor of a market economy. It reflects the views of the conservative Islamic Coalition Party and the Islamic Association of Engineers"[19] |
| Ruydadiran (Ruydademrooz) [41] | Persian | "Social and Economic newspapers. It is a popular daily and nationwide newspaper that is distributed in all provinces of Iran." | |
| Salam | 1991 | ||
| Sarmayeh[42] | Persian | "Centrist...Economic paper run by a former head of the Tehran Stock Exchange, and shut down in October 2009"[19] | |
| Shargh | 2003 | Persian | "Pro-reform"[18] |
| Sobh-eqtesad[43] | Persian | ||
| Taban | Persian | ||
| Tehran Emrooz | "Centrist...Daily set up by a member of the Guardian Council, and close to Tehran Mayor Mohammad-Bager Ghalibaf"[19] | ||
| Tehran Times | 1954 | English | "Hardliner...Pro-government"[19] |
| Tous | 1998 | Persian | "Reformist daily...Published through the Jamee-Rooz publishing company...directed by Mohammad Sadeq Javadi-Hessar with Mashallah Shamsolvaezin as editor in chief."[18] Currently banned |
| Vaghaye Etefaghyeh | Persian | ||
| Al Vefagh | 1997 | Arabic | |
| Yas-e-no | Persian | ||
| Zan | 1998 |
See also
editReferences
editBibliography
edit- Peter Avery; Gavin Hambly; Charles Melville, eds. (1991). "Printing, the Press and Literature in Modern Iran". From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0.
- "Iran: Directory: the Press". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. pp. 2175+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- Hossein Shahidi (March 2006). "From Mission to Profession: Journalism in Iran, 1979–2004". Iranian Studies. 39 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1080/00210860500470177. S2CID 143005329.
- "Iran Media Guide". Tehran Bureau. 2009 – via Public Broadcasting Service, USA.
- Camron Michael Amin (2014). "The Press and Public Diplomacy in Iran, 1820–1940". Iranian Studies. 48 (2): 269–287. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.871145. S2CID 144328080.
External links
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