Wiki English 2024
EnglishJapaneseVietnamese

List of historically black colleges and universities

This list of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) includes institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before 1964 with the intention of primarily serving the Black American community.[1][2]

Alabama leads the nation with the number of HBCUs, followed by North Carolina, then Georgia. Most are located in the Southern United States, where state laws generally required educational segregation until the 1950s and 1960s.

The list of closed colleges includes many that, because of state laws, were racially segregated. In other words, those colleges are not just "historically" black, they were entirely black for as long as they existed.

Current institutions

edit
class=notpageimage|
Locations of HBCUs in the continental United States (as of 2022). Blue markers indicate a city with one or more public institutions. Red markers indicate a city with one or more private institutions. Purple markers indicate a city with both public and private HBCUs. The University of the Virgin Islands (public) is outside the map area.
InstitutionCityState/
territory		FoundedTypeCommentRegionally
accredited[3]
Alabama A&M UniversityNormalAlabama1875PublicFounded as "Colored Normal School at Huntsville"Yes
Alabama State UniversityMontgomeryAlabama1867PublicFounded as "Lincoln Normal School of Marion"Yes
Albany State UniversityAlbanyGeorgia1903PublicFounded as "Albany Bible and Manual Training Institute"Yes
Alcorn State UniversityLormanMississippi1871PublicFounded as "Alcorn University", in honor of James L. AlcornYes
Allen UniversityColumbiaSouth Carolina1870Private[a]Founded as "Payne Institute"Yes
American Baptist CollegeNashvilleTennessee1924Private[b]Federal designation as a historically Black college or university was awarded on March 20, 2013 by the U.S. Education Department.[4]Yes
University of Arkansas at Pine BluffPine BluffArkansas1873PublicFounded as "Branch Normal College"Yes
Arkansas Baptist CollegeLittle RockArkansas1884Private[c]Founded as "Minister’s Institute"[5]Yes
Barber–Scotia CollegeConcordNorth Carolina1867Private[d]Founded as two institutions, Scotia Seminary and Barber Memorial CollegeNo
Benedict CollegeColumbiaSouth Carolina1870Private[e]Founded as "Benedict Institute"Yes
Bennett CollegeGreensboroNorth Carolina1873Private[f]Founded as "Bennett Seminary"Yes
Bethune–Cookman UniversityDaytona BeachFlorida1904Private[f]Founded as "Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls"Yes
Bishop State Community CollegeMobileAlabama1927PublicOriginally a branch of Alabama State CollegeYes
Bluefield State UniversityBluefieldWest Virginia1895PublicFounded as "Bluefield Colored Institute"Yes
Bowie State UniversityBowieMaryland1865PublicFounded as "Baltimore Normal School"Yes
Central State UniversityWilberforceOhio1887Public[a]Originally a department at Wilberforce University[6]Yes
Cheyney University of PennsylvaniaCheyneyPennsylvania1837PublicThe oldest HBCU. Founded by Quaker philanthropist Richard Humphreys as "Institute for Colored Youth"Yes
Claflin UniversityOrangeburgSouth Carolina1869Private[f]Yes
Clark Atlanta UniversityAtlantaGeorgia1865Private[f]Originally two institutions, Clark College and Atlanta UniversityYes
Clinton CollegeRock HillSouth Carolina1894Private[g]Founded as "Clinton Institute"[7]Yes
Coahoma Community CollegeCoahoma CountyMississippi1924PublicFounded as "Coahoma County Agricultural High School"Yes
Coppin State UniversityBaltimoreMaryland1900PublicFounded as "Colored High School"Yes
Delaware State UniversityDoverDelaware1891PublicFounded as "The Delaware College for Colored Students"Yes
Denmark Technical CollegeDenmarkSouth Carolina1947PublicFounded as "Denmark Area Trade School"[8]Yes
Dillard UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana1869Private[h][f]Founding predecessor institutions: "Straight University" and "New Orleans University"Yes
University of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia1851PublicFounded as "Miner Normal School"Yes
Edward Waters UniversityJacksonvilleFlorida1866Private[a]Founded as "Brown Theological Institute"Yes
Elizabeth City State UniversityElizabeth CityNorth Carolina1891PublicFounded as "State Colored Normal School at Elizabeth City"Yes
Fayetteville State UniversityFayettevilleNorth Carolina1867PublicFounded as "Howard School"Yes
Fisk UniversityNashvilleTennessee1866Private[h][9]Named for Clinton Bowen FiskYes
Florida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFlorida1887PublicFounded as "State Normal College for Colored Students"Yes
Florida Memorial UniversityMiami GardensFlorida1879Private[e]Founded as "Florida Baptist Institute in Live Oak"Yes
Fort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgia1895PublicFounded as "Fort Valley High and Industrial School"Yes
Gadsden State Community CollegeGadsdenAlabama1925PublicFounded as "Alabama School of Trades"Yes
Grambling State UniversityGramblingLouisiana1901PublicFounded as "Colored Industrial and Agricultural School"Yes
Hampton UniversityHamptonVirginia1868Private[i]Founded as "Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute"Yes
Harris–Stowe State UniversitySt. LouisMissouri1857PublicFounded as "St. Louis Normal School" for whites in 1857, with Stowe Teachers College begun in 1890 for blacks; merged in 1954 [10]Yes
Hinds Community College at UticaUticaMississippi1903PublicFounded as "Utica Junior College"Yes
Howard UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia1867Private[i]Named for General Oliver Otis Howard, head of the Freedmen's BureauYes
Huston–Tillotson UniversityAustinTexas1875Private[f]
U.C.C.[h]		Founded as "Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute"Yes
Interdenominational Theological CenterAtlantaGeorgia1958Private[j]Yes
J. F. Drake State Technical CollegeHuntsvilleAlabama1961PublicFounded as "Huntsville State Vocational Technical School"Yes
Jackson State UniversityJacksonMississippi1877PublicFounded as "Natchez Seminary" by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, became public in 1942Yes
Jarvis Christian UniversityHawkinsTexas1912Private[k]Yes
Johnson C. Smith UniversityCharlotteNorth Carolina1867Private[d]Founded as "Biddle Memorial Institute"Yes
Kentucky State UniversityFrankfortKentucky1886PublicFounded as "State Normal School for Colored Persons"Yes
Knoxville CollegeKnoxville (Mechanicsville)Tennessee1875Private[l]No
Lane CollegeJacksonTennessee1882Private[m]Founded as "Colored Methodist Episcopal High School"[11]Yes
Langston UniversityLangstonOklahoma1897PublicFounded as "Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University"Yes
Lawson State Community CollegeBessemerAlabama1949PublicYes
LeMoyne–Owen CollegeMemphisTennessee1862Private[h]Founded as "LeMoyne Normal and Commercial School"[12] (elementary school until 1870)Yes
Lincoln UniversityChester CountyPennsylvania1854PublicThe first degree-granting HBCU. Founded as "Ashmun Institute"Yes
Lincoln University of MissouriJefferson CityMissouri1866PublicFounded as "Lincoln Institute"[13]Yes
Livingstone CollegeSalisburyNorth Carolina1879Private[g]Founded as "Zion Wesley Institute"Yes
University of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMaryland1886Public[n]Founded as "Delaware Conference Academy"Yes
Meharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennessee1876Private[f]Founded as the Medical Department of Central Tennessee CollegeYes
Miles CollegeFairfieldAlabama1898Private[m]Known until 1941 as "Miles Memorial College"; named after Bishop William H. MilesYes
Mississippi Valley State UniversityItta BenaMississippi1950PublicFounded as "Mississippi Vocational College"Yes
Morehouse CollegeAtlantaGeorgia1867Private[o]Founded as "Augusta Institute"Yes
Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia1975Private[i]Founded as a part of Morehouse CollegeYes
Morgan State UniversityBaltimoreMaryland1867Public[n]Founded as "Centenary Biblical Institute"Yes
Morris Brown CollegeAtlantaGeorgia1881Private[a]Named after the second Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal ChurchYes
Morris CollegeSumterSouth Carolina1908Private[p]Yes
Norfolk State UniversityNorfolkVirginia1935PublicFounded as "Norfolk Unit of Virginia State University"[14]Yes
North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State UniversityGreensboroNorth Carolina1891PublicFounded as "The Agricultural & Mechanical College for the Colored Race"Yes
North Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina1910PublicFounded as "National Religious Training School and Chautauqua"Yes
Oakwood UniversityHuntsvilleAlabama1896Private[q]Founded as "Oakwood Industrial School"Yes
Paine CollegeAugustaGeorgia1882Private[f][m]Founded as "Paine Institute"Yes
Paul Quinn CollegeDallasTexas1872Private[a]Named for William Paul QuinnYes
Payne Theological SeminaryWilberforceOhio1856Private[a]Named for Bishop Daniel Payne. Founded as a seminary with Wilberforce University in 1856. Later became Payne Theological Seminary in 1894.Yes
Philander Smith UniversityLittle RockArkansas1877Private[f]Founded as "Walden Seminary"Yes
Prairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTexas1876PublicFounded as "Alta Vista Agriculture & Mechanical College for Colored Youth"[15]Yes
Rust CollegeHolly SpringsMississippi1866Private[f]Known as "Shaw University" until 1882Yes
Savannah State UniversitySavannahGeorgia1890PublicFounded as "Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth"Yes
Selma UniversitySelmaAlabama1878Private[r]Founded as "Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School"Yes
Shaw UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina1865Private[b]Founded as "Raleigh Institute"Yes
Shorter CollegeNorth Little RockArkansas1886Private[a]Two-year college; founded as "Bethel University"Yes [16]
Shelton State Community CollegeTuscaloosaAlabama1952PublicFounded as "J.P. Shelton Trade School"Yes
Simmons CollegeLouisvilleKentucky1869Private[i]Founded as Kentucky Normal Technological InstituteYes
South Carolina State UniversityOrangeburgSouth Carolina1896PublicFounded as "Colored, Normal, Industrial, Agricultural, and Mechanical College of South Carolina"Yes
Southern University at New OrleansNew OrleansLouisiana1956PublicFounded as a branch unit of Southern University in Baton RougeYes
Southern University at ShreveportShreveportLouisiana1967PublicPart of the Southern University SystemYes
Southern University and A&M CollegeBaton RougeLouisiana1880PublicConceptualized by P. B. S. Pinchback, T. T. Allain, and Henry DemasYes
Southwestern Christian CollegeTerrellTexas1948Private[s]Founded as "Southern Bible Institute"[17]Yes
Spelman CollegeAtlantaGeorgia1881Private[o]Founded as "Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary"Yes
St. Augustine's UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina1867Private[t]No
St. Philip's CollegeSan AntonioTexas1898Public[t]Founded as "St. Philip's Sewing Class for Girls"[18]Yes
Stillman CollegeTuscaloosaAlabama1876Private[d]Founded as Tuscaloosa Institute, the College was a concept of Reverend Dr. Charles Allen Stillman, pastor of First Presbyterian Church of Tuscaloosa[19]Yes
Talladega CollegeTalladegaAlabama1867Private[h]Known as "Swayne School" until 1869Yes
Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTennessee1912PublicFounded as "Agricultural and Industrial State Normal School"Yes
Texas CollegeTylerTexas1894Private[m]Yes
Texas Southern UniversityHoustonTexas1927PublicFounded as "Texas State University for Negroes"Yes
Tougaloo CollegeHinds CountyMississippi1869Private[u]Founded as "Tougaloo University"Yes
Trenholm State Community CollegeMontgomeryAlabama1947PublicFounded as "John M. Patterson Technical School"[21]Yes
Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAlabama1881Private[i]Founded as Tuskegee Institute, Now a National Historic SiteYes
University of the Virgin IslandsSt. Croix & St. ThomasUnited States Virgin Islands1962PublicFounded as "College of the Virgin Islands"Yes
Virginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginia1882PublicFounded as "Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute at Petersburg"Yes
Virginia Union UniversityRichmondVirginia1865Private[e]Founded as "Wayland Seminary," and merged with Richmond Institute (1865) in 1889[22]Yes
Virginia University of LynchburgLynchburgVirginia1886Private[v]Founded as "Lynchburg Baptist Seminary"Yes
Voorhees UniversityDenmarkSouth Carolina1897Private[t]Founded as "Denmark Industrial School"Yes
West Virginia State UniversityInstituteWest Virginia1891PublicFounded as "West Virginia Colored Institute"Yes
Wilberforce UniversityWilberforceOhio1856Private[a]Named for William Wilberforce. Oldest HBCU to retain its original name, and the first college to be owned and operated by African Americans.Yes
Wiley UniversityMarshallTexas1873Private[f]Named for Isaac William Wiley; was Wiley College 1929–2023Yes
Winston-Salem State UniversityWinston-SalemNorth Carolina1892PublicFounded as "Slater Industrial and State Normal School"Yes
Xavier University of LouisianaNew OrleansLouisiana1915Private[w]Founded as Xavier Preparatory High SchoolYes
Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Part of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
  2. ^ a b Part of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
  3. ^ Part of the Consolidated Missionary Baptist State Convention.
  4. ^ a b c Part of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
  5. ^ a b c Part of the American Baptist Churches USA.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Part of the United Methodist Church.
  7. ^ a b Part of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
  8. ^ a b c d e Part of the United Church of Christ.
  9. ^ a b c d e Nonsectarian college or university, with no religious affiliation.
  10. ^ Multiple affiliations.
  11. ^ Part of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).
  12. ^ Part of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.
  13. ^ a b c d Part of the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.
  14. ^ a b Originally and formerly part of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
  15. ^ a b Originally and formerly part of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.
  16. ^ Part of the Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention of South Carolina.
  17. ^ Part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
  18. ^ Part of the Alabama State Missionary Baptist Convention.
  19. ^ Part of the Churches of Christ.
  20. ^ a b c Part of the Episcopal Church.
  21. ^ Part of the American Missionary Association.
  22. ^ Part of the Virginia Baptist State Convention.
  23. ^ Part of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament of the Catholic Church.

Defunct institutions

edit
InstitutionCityStateFoundedClosedTypeComment
Avery CollegePittsburghPennsylvania18491873Private[a]Though the records are scant, it appears that Avery College suspended operations in 1873, the year of a great nationwide financial panic. Trustees considered selling the school property to the marker University of Western Pennsylvania (University of Pittsburgh), which had reluctantly accepted Avery's donation to assist in educating a handful of African-American students. Nothing came of the negotiations, however, and Avery College never reopened. As late as 1908, the trustees were debating whether to establish a manual training school or a hospital and nursing school facility on the property. Years later the original three-story building was demolished to make way for a new highway project.[citation needed]
Bishop CollegeDallasTexas18811988Private[b]Founded in Marshall, Texas; later moved to Dallas.
Bishop Payne Divinity SchoolPetersburgVirginia18781949Private[c]Before gaining the right to award bachelor's degrees in 1910, it was the Bishop Payne Divinity and Industrial School. When first founded it was a "normal and industrial" school.
Booker T. Washington Junior CollegePensacolaFlorida19491965PublicThe first of twelve black junior colleges created in Florida, it closed after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Nominally merged with Pensacola Junior College.
J. P. Campbell CollegeStarted in Vicksburg, moved to Jackson in 1898Mississippi18901964Private[d]Located across the street from Jackson College, now Jackson State University, J. P. Campbell College famously admitted students expelled from high school for participating in the Civil Rights Movement. Then, amidst a failed plan to relocate to Mound Bayou, Mississippi, a black town, it collapsed financially.[23]
Carver Junior CollegeCocoaFlorida19601963PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Collier-Blocker Junior CollegePalatkaFlorida19601964PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Concordia College AlabamaSelmaAlabama19222018Private[e]Known as "Alabama Lutheran Academy and Junior College" until 1981; It was the only historically black college among the ten colleges and universities in the Concordia University System. The college ceased operations at the completion of the Spring 2018 semester, citing years of financial distress and declining enrollment.
Daniel Payne CollegeBirminghamAlabama18891979Private[d]
Friendship CollegeRock HillSouth Carolina18911981Private[f]
George R. Smith CollegeSedaliaMissouri18941925Private[g]It burned down April 26, 1925, after which its assets were merged (in 1933) with the Philander Smith College
Georgia Baptist CollegeMaconGeorgia18991956Private[f]Originally known as Central City College, renamed in 1938.
Gibbs Junior CollegeSt. PetersburgFlorida19571966PublicRegionally accredited. Founded to show that separate but equal educational institutions for African Americans were viable, and that racial integration, mandated by Brown v. Board of Education, was unnecessary. Closed shortly after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; nominally merged with St. Petersburg Junior College (today St. Petersburg College).
Guadalupe CollegeSeguinTexas18841936Private[h]Ceased operations after a fire destroyed the main building in 1936.[24]
Hampton Junior CollegeOcalaFlorida19581966PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Immanuel Lutheran CollegeGreensboroNorth Carolina19031961Private[i]The college was closed in 1961 when the Synodical Conference decided that the training of Blacks should be integrated into the educational institutions of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, the largest member of the conference. The state of North Carolina purchased the campus for $239,000 and it eventually became the East Campus of North Carolina A&T State University.
Jackson Junior CollegeMariannaFlorida19611966PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Johnson Junior CollegeLeesburgFlorida19601966PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Kittrell CollegeKittrellNorth Carolina18861975Private[d]
Leland UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana18701960Private[b]Founded as a grade school in New Orleans, Leland was a Baker, Louisiana-based Baptist University when it closed.
Lewis College of BusinessDetroitMichigan19282013[25]Private[g]Founded as "Lewis Business College", in the process of being reopened under a new name.
Lincoln Junior CollegeFort PierceFlorida19601966PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Luther CollegeNew OrleansLouisiana19031925Private[i]
Mary Holmes CollegeWest PointMississippi18922005Private[j]
Mississippi Industrial CollegeHolly SpringsMississippi19051982Private[k]
Morristown CollegeMorristownTennessee18811994Private[l]Founded as a seminary and normal school in the late 1870s, became Knoxville College's satellite campus in 1989, and closed for good in 1994.
Mount Hermon Female SeminaryClintonMississippi18751924Private[m]
Natchez CollegeNatchezMississippi18851993Private[f]
Payne CollegeCuthbertGeorgia18791912Private[g]On June 5, 1912, it became part of Morris Brown University[26]
Roger Williams UniversityNashvilleTennessee18641929Private[b]Two suspicious fires destroyed its main building in 1905. Financial problems led to its closure in 1929; combined with other institutions to form LeMoyne–Owen College.
Roosevelt Junior CollegeWest Palm BeachFlorida19581965PublicRegionally accredited. One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Rosenwald Junior CollegePanama CityFlorida19581966PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Saint Paul's CollegeLawrencevilleVirginia18882013Private[c]Founded as "Saint Paul Normal and Industrial School". Closed June 2013.
Saints CollegeLexingtonMississippi19182006Private[n]Originated as Saints Junior College and Academy
Southern Christian InstituteEdwardsMississippi1908?1954Private[o]Merged into Tougaloo College. For a time thereafter its campus, renamed Mt. Beulah, was used by the Delta Ministry, CDGM, and other civil rights organizations.
Storer CollegeHarpers FerryWest Virginia18651955Public[p]Not regionally accredited. Its endowment was transferred to Virginia Union, where its alumni have been recognized, and its physical assets were given to Alderson-Broaddus College to create scholarships for black students.[22] Its former campus is now part of the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.[27]
Suwannee River Junior CollegeMadisonFlorida19591966PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Volusia County Junior CollegeDaytona BeachFlorida19581965PublicOne of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Western University (Kansas)Quindaro, Kansas CityKansas18651943Private[d]Had the first statue of abolitionist John Brown, which is all that survives of the campus.
Notes
  1. ^ Part of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
  2. ^ a b c Originally and formerly part of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.
  3. ^ a b Part of the Episcopal Church.
  4. ^ a b c d Part of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
  5. ^ Part of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod.
  6. ^ a b c A Baptist institution.
  7. ^ a b c Nonsectarian college or university, with no religious affiliation.
  8. ^ Part of the Texas Missionary Baptist General Convention.
  9. ^ a b Part of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference.
  10. ^ Part of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
  11. ^ Part of the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.
  12. ^ Part of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
  13. ^ Part of the American Missionary Association.
  14. ^ Part of the Church of God in Christ.
  15. ^ Part of the United Christian Missionary Society Church.
  16. ^ Originally founded by the Freewill Baptist Missionary Society.

References

edit
  1. ^ "White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities". 2008-04-11. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  2. ^ "Presidential Commission on Historically Black Colleges". Archived from the original on 2007-12-23.
  3. ^ "U.S. Dept. of Ed. White House Initiative on HBCUs' Accredited HBCU Listing". Ed.gov. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  4. ^ Roach, Ronald (24 April 2013). "American Baptist College Designated as a Historically Black Institution". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  5. ^ "Home Page - Arkansas Baptist College". Arkansasbaptist.edu. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  6. ^ Central State University History Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Clinton Junior College History Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Denmark Technical College History Website". Denmarktech.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "History of Fisk". Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
  10. ^ "Harris-Stowe State University (314) 340-3366". Hssu.edu. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  11. ^ "Lane College History Website". Lanecollege.edu. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  12. ^ LeMoyne-Owen College History Website Archived 2009-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Lincoln University of Missouri Website". Lincolnu.edu. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  14. ^ Norfolk State University History Archived 2007-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ "History of Prairie View A&M University : PVAMU Home". Pvamu.edu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  16. ^ "U.S. Department of Education Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs". ope.ed.gov. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  17. ^ "Southwestern Christian College History". Swcc.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  18. ^ "St. Philip's College History". Accd.edu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  19. ^ "Stillman History". Stillman.edu. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  20. ^ Trinity Washington University WebPages 2014 I
  21. ^ Trenholm State Technical College Website Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ a b Hylton, Raymond. "University History". About Virginia Union. Virginia Union University. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  23. ^ Jackson Civil Rights Driving Tour. City of Jackson. 2014. p. 37. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  24. ^ "Guadalupe College: A Case History in Negro Higher Education 1884-1936". Ecommons.txstate.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  25. ^ "Lewis College of Business, once a Michigan jewel - African American Registry". Aaregistry.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  26. ^ Newkirk, Vann R. (30 April 2012). New Life for Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A 21st Century Perspective. McFarland. ISBN 9780786490998. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via Google Books.
  27. ^ "Storer College - Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". Nps.gov. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Retrieved from "https:https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/index.php?lang=en&q=List_of_historically_black_colleges_and_universities&oldid=1226028062"
🔥 Top keywords: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te ShqiperiseAlexandria Ocasio-CortezBilderberg GroupCristiano RonaldoDong XiaowanMinecraftOperation GladioPrimal cutRiot FestStrictly Come Dancing (series 7)Main PageSpecial:SearchDonald SutherlandWikipedia:Featured picturesUEFA Euro 2024Kiefer Sutherland2024 Copa AméricaCleopatraTimothy MellonDeaths in 2024Copa AméricaDonald Sutherland filmographyUEFA European ChampionshipReggie JacksonJJ RedickChappell RoanRumpelstiltskinShirley DouglasRickwood FieldRossif SutherlandInside Out 2Taylor WilyFrancine RacetteHouse of the DragonSherri Papini kidnapping hoaxYouTubeWillie MaysThe Boys season 4The Boys (TV series)Sarah SutherlandAngus Sutherland (actor)Sabrina CarpenterNico WilliamsAntoine GriezmannThe Bikeriders2024 ICC Men's T20 World CupChristine ChubbuckOpinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general electionProject 2025