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List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes

This is a list of the costliest Atlantic hurricanes, with US$1 billion (nominal) in property damage, broadly capturing the severity of the damage each tropical cyclone has caused. The list includes tropical storms, a tropical cyclone with a peak 1-minute maximum sustained wind in the range of 39–73 mph (63–118 km/h), placing them below the 74 mph (119 km/h) minimum needed to attain hurricane status.

Damage in Long Beach, Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina.

History edit

The number of $1 billion Atlantic hurricanes almost doubled from the 1980s to the 2010s, and inflation-adjusted costs have increased more than elevenfold.[1] The increases have been attributed to climate change, more people moving to coastal areas,[1] and the dramatic increase in construction costs since 1980.[2][3][4][5]

The record of the costliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic is held jointly by hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Harvey (2017), both of which resulted in approximately $125 billion in property damage during the year they occurred. These storms are also the costliest tropical cyclones recorded worldwide. The hurricane seasons of those two hurricanes, the 2005 and 2017 Atlantic hurricane seasons, are also the two costliest hurricane seasons recorded.

Most of the costliest Atlantic hurricanes in recorded history have peaked as major hurricanes. However, weaker tropical cyclones can still cause widespread damage. Tropical storms Alberto in 1994, Allison in 2001, Lee in 2011, Imelda in 2019 and Fred of 2021 each caused over a billion dollars in damage. As of 2023, no numbered tropical depressions have become a billion-dollar disaster.

List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons (as of 2023)
RankCostSeason
1≥ $294.803 billion2017
2$172.297 billion2005
3$120.425 billion2022
4≥ $80.727 billion2021
5$72.341 billion2012
6$61.148 billion2004
7≥ $51.114 billion2020
8≥ $50.526 billion2018
9≥ $48.855 billion2008
10$27.302 billion1992

Flooding typically accounts for about 60% of all of a storm's damages,[citation needed] and this is reflected in the list with Harvey, Florence, and most recently Ida, which produced catastrophic rainfall; and with Katrina, Ike, Sandy, and Ian which produced devastating storm surges. Wind damage encompasses a large portion of storm damage as well, evidenced by Andrew, Irma, and Michael. Due to their excessive damage, the names of tropical cyclones accruing at least $1 billion in damage are usually retired by the World Meteorological Organization, but this is not always the case. Juan in 1985 was the first hurricane to cause at least a billion in damage and not be retired; its name was retired after a later usage (2003) that did not cause over a billion in damage. Since Juan, nine tropical cyclones that caused at least a billion in damage were not retired, the most notable of which being Sally in 2020 which caused at least $7.3 billion, the costliest storm not to have its name retired. As of March 21, 2024, the most recent billion-dollar hurricane to not have its name retired was Idalia in 2023.

The first hurricane to cause at least $1 billion in damage was Betsy in 1965, which caused much of its damage in southeastern Louisiana. Four years later, Camille caused over $1 billion in damage as it ravaged Louisiana and Mississippi at landfall, and Virginia after moving inland. After the 1960s, each decade saw an increase in tropical cyclones causing at least a billion in damage over the last, due to increasing urban development and population. In the 1970s, four hurricanes caused at least a billion in damage; the costliest of which was Agnes, which caused $2.1 billion in damage. The following decade featured seven hurricanes causing at least a billion in damage. In the 1990s, twelve tropical cyclones accrued at least a billion in damage, including Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The system greatly exceeded the damage figure of any preceding tropical cyclone, causing $27.3 billion in damage, mostly in South Florida. Nineteen tropical cyclones in the 2000s caused at least $1 billion in damage. The 2005 season had six billion-dollar hurricanes, the most of any season on record; this record was later surpassed in 2020, with eight billion-dollar hurricanes. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Irma (2017) caused at least $1 billion in damage in four separate countries. In the 2010s, twelve storms caused at least $1 billion in damage.[6] Hanna was the first storm of the 2020s to become a billion dollar disaster.[7]

Methodology edit

A collage of the top ten costliest Atlantic hurricanes, up to 2023, in descending cost from top left to lower right.

This list ranks tropical cyclones within the Atlantic that have accrued at least US$1 billion in damage, based on their nominal USD damage totals. Because the impact of inflation has not been adjusted out of these figures, they do not allow for the fact that $0.12 billion in 1965 (the earliest hurricane shown on the list) would be equivalent to $0.9 billion in 2023, or that it would require $7.4 billion in 2023 to be equivalent to $1 billion in 1965. Furthermore, the figures have not been adjusted for changes in population and wealth in coastal counties, making it hard to accurately compare the damage inflicted by hurricanes over time.

In 2018, Roger A. Pielke Jr. and Christopher Landsea published a peer-reviewed study in the scientific journal Nature Sustainability, which gave an estimate of the direct economic losses in the continental United States from 1900 to 2017 from each hurricane if that same event was to occur under contemporary (2017) societal conditions.[8] The general formula for normalized losses is

where is reported damage in current-year US dollars, is the GDP deflator for inflation adjustment, is an estimate of current-cost net stock of fixed assets and consumer durable goods to capture changes in real wealth per-capita, and county population adjustment.[8]

As the results of the Pielke / Landsea study do not extend beyond 2017, the column for normalized damage, shown in the list, is not available beyond that year.

Overall costliest edit

  was the costliest Atlantic hurricane at the time it dissipated
  data not available as source report ends with 2017[8]

† indicates that the storm's impact in that season did not result in its name being retired

Costliest Atlantic hurricanes
NameNominal damage
(Billions USD)		Normalized damage
(Billions USD)		SeasonStorm classification
at peak intensity		Areas affectedReferences
Katrina$125.0$116.92005Category 5 hurricane
[9][10]
Harvey$125.0$62.22017Category 4 hurricane
[10][11]
Ian$113.1data not available2022Category 5 hurricane
[12]
Maria$91.6data not available2017Category 5 hurricane
[13]
Irma$77.2$31.02017Category 5 hurricane
[10]
Ida$75.2data not available2021Category 4 hurricane
[14][15]
Sandy$68.7$73.52012Category 3 hurricane
[10][16]
Ike$38.0$35.22008Category 4 hurricane
[17][18][19]
Andrew$27.3$106.01992Category 5 hurricane
  • The Bahamas
  • Florida
  • Louisiana
[17][20]
Ivan$26.1$25.92004Category 5 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Venezuela
  • United States Gulf Coast
[17][21][22]
Michael$25.5data not available2018Category 5 hurricane
[23][24]
Florence$24.2data not available2018Category 4 hurricane
[24][25]
Laura$23.3data not available2020Category 4 hurricane
  • Leeward Islands
  • Puerto Rico
  • Dominican Republic
  • Haiti
  • Cuba
  • Southeastern United States
[26][27]
Wilma$22.4$31.92005Category 5 hurricane
[28][29][30][31]
Rita$18.5$14.92005Category 5 hurricane
  • Cuba
  • Texas
  • Louisiana
[32]
Charley$16.9$26.92004Category 4 hurricane
[33][17]
Matthew$16.5$8.62016Category 5 hurricane
[34][35]
Irene$14.2$10.82011Category 3 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • United States East Coast
  • Eastern Canada
[36][37][38]
Hugo$11.0$25.11989Category 5 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • United States East Coast
[17][39]
Frances$10.1$16.52004Category 4 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Eastern United States
  • Ontario
[17][21][40][41]
Georges$9.3<$6.01998Category 4 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • United States Gulf Coast
[10][42][43][44][45][46]
Allison$9.0<$6.02001Tropical storm
[47][17][48]
Eta$8.3data not available2020Category 4 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Central America
  • Cuba
  • Eastern United States
[15]
Gustav$8.3<$6.02008Category 4 hurricane
[17][18]
Jeanne$7.9$13.62004Category 3 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Eastern United States
[17][21][49][50]
Sally †$7.3data not available2020Category 2 hurricane
  • The Bahamas
  • Florida
  • Southeastern United States
[51][27]
Floyd$6.5$13.91999Category 4 hurricane
[17][52]
Mitch$6.1<$6.01998Category 5 hurricane
[53][54][55]
Isabel$5.5<$6.02003Category 5 hurricane
  • Greater Antilles
  • The Bahamas
  • Eastern United States
  • Ontario
[17][56]
Dorian$5.1data not available2019Category 5 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • The Bahamas
  • Eastern United States
  • Atlantic Canada
[57]
Imelda †$5.0data not available2019Tropical storm
  • Texas
  • Louisiana
  • Oklahoma
  • Arkansas
[58]
Fran$5.0$11.11996Category 3 hurricane
  • Eastern United States
  • Ontario
[17]
Isaias †$4.8data not available2020Category 1 hurricane
  • Puerto Rico
  • Dominican Republic
  • Haiti
  • Bahamas
  • Eastern United States
[59]
Opal$4.7$10.01995Category 4 hurricane
  • Guatemala
  • Yucatán Peninsula
  • Eastern United States
[17][60]
Zeta †$4.4data not available2020Category 3 hurricane
  • Jamaica
  • Yucatan Peninsula
  • Louisiana
  • Mississippi
[61]
Dennis$4.0<$6.02005Category 4 hurricane
[17][28][62]
Stan$3.9<$6.02005Category 1 hurricane
  • Mexico
  • Central America
[49][63]
Karl †$3.9<$6.02010Category 3 hurricane
  • Mexico
  • Central America
[64]
Idalia †$3.5data not available2023Category 4 hurricane
[65]
Fiona$3.4data not available2022Category 4 hurricane
[66]
Luis$3.3<$6.01995Category 4 hurricane
[60]
Isaac †$3.1<$6.02012Category 1 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Eastern United States
[67]
Delta †$3.0data not available2020Category 4 hurricane
  • Jamaica
  • Cayman Islands
  • Yucatan Peninsula
  • Southeastern United States
[15][68]
Alicia$3.0$13.61983Category 3 hurricane
[69]
Gilbert$3.0<$6.01988Category 5 hurricane
[70]
Lee †$2.8<$6.02011Tropical storm
  • Louisiana
  • Mississippi
[71]
Marilyn$2.5<$6.01995Category 3 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Bermuda
[17][60]
Michelle$2.4<$6.02001Category 4 hurricane
  • Central America
  • Jamaica
  • Cuba
  • The Bahamas
[44][48]
Agnes$2.1$26.01972Category 1 hurricane
  • Mexico
  • Cuba
  • Eastern United States
[17][72]
Joan$2.0<$6.01988Category 4 hurricane
  • Lesser Antilles
  • Colombia
  • Venezuela
  • Central America
[70]
Fifi$1.8<$6.01974Category 2 hurricane
  • Jamaica
  • Central America
  • Mexico
[73][74]
Frederic$1.8<$6.01979Category 4 hurricane
[75]
Dean$1.7<$6.02007Category 5 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • Central America
[49][76]
Dolly †$1.6<$6.02008Category 2 hurricane
[18]
Allen$1.6<$6.01980Category 5 hurricane
[49][77][78]
David$1.5<$6.01979Category 5 hurricane
  • The Caribbean
  • United States East Coast
[49][75]
Alex †$1.5<$6.02010Category 2 hurricane
  • Central America
  • Greater Antilles
  • Texas
[79][80][81][82]
Juan †$1.5<$6.01985Category 1 hurricane
  • United States Gulf Coast
[17]
Bob$1.5<$6.01991Category 3 hurricane
  • United States East Coast
  • Canada
[83]
Roxanne$1.5<$6.01995Category 3 hurricane
  • Mexico
[60]
Ingrid$1.5<$6.02013Category 1 hurricane
  • Mexico
[17]
Betsy$1.4<$6.01965Category 4 hurricane
  • Louisiana
  • South Florida
  • Caribbean
[17]
Camille$1.4$26.41969Category 5 hurricane
[17]
Iota$1.4data not available2020Category 4 hurricane
  • Colombia
  • Central America
[84]
Elena$1.3<$6.01985Category 3 hurricane
  • Cuba
  • United States Gulf Coast
[85]
Isidore$1.3<$6.02002Category 3 hurricane
[86][87]
Fred †$1.3data not available2021Tropical storm
  • Puerto Rico
  • Hispaniola
  • Cuba
  • Jamaica
  • Southeastern United States
[15]
Hanna †$1.2data not available2020Category 1 hurricane
[27]
Elsa †$1.2data not available2021Category 1 hurricane
  • Lesser Antilles
  • Greater Antilles
  • Venezuela
  • Colombia
  • East Coast of the United States
  • Atlantic Canada
[15]
Lili$1.2<$6.02002Category 4 hurricane
  • Lesser Antilles
  • Greater Antilles
  • Gulf Coast of the United States
[17]
Nicholas †$1.1data not available2021Category 1 hurricane
[88]
Nicole †$1.0data not available2022Category 1 hurricane
[12]
Alberto †$1.0<$6.01994Tropical storm
  • Southeastern United States
[71]
Emily †$1.0<$6.02005Category 5 hurricane
[10]
Bonnie †$1.0<$6.01998Category 3 hurricane
  • Lesser Antilles
  • East Coast of the United States
[10]

See also edit

References edit

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