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List of Indianapolis 500 pole-sitters

The Indianapolis 500 (also called the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race)[a][2] is an annual American open-wheel car race held on American Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS), in Speedway, Indiana.[3] It was first held in 1911 after the track's owners had experimented with several other long-distances auto races over the previous two years.[2] The race was not held in 1917 or 1918 and again from 1942 to 1945 because of war.[2] It was administered by the American Automobile Association between 1911 and 1955, then by the United States Auto Club from 1956 to 1997, and finally by the Indy Racing League/IndyCar beginning in 1998.[3][4] The polesitter is the driver that has qualified for the event in pole position, at the inside of the front of the starting grid.[5] Since 1989, the polesitter has received a $100,000 cash prize,[b][8] and they and their car owner receive a small trophy at a ceremony that takes place after qualifying.[c][13][14] The award is currently sponsored by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone;[15] past sponsors include Anheuser-Busch through its Budweiser brand,[16] PPG Industries,[17] MBNA America Bank,[18] WorldPoints Visa Card,[19] AAMCO Transmissions,[20] Peak Performance Motor Oil,[21] and Verizon.[22] Out of the 107 completed Indianapolis 500s (as of the 2023 race), the driver that has started in first place has gone on to win the race 21 times.[23]

Indianapolis 500 Pole Position
Tony Kanaan during qualifying for the 2015 Indianapolis 500
A qualification day participation sticker on Tony Kanaan's car in 2015
SportAmerican open-wheel car racing
CompetitionIndianapolis 500
DisciplineIndyCar Series
Awarded forPole Position for the Indianapolis 500
English nameNippon Telegraph and Telephone P1 Award
History
First award1911
Editions107
First winnerLewis Strang (1911)
Most winsRick Mears (6)
Most recentScott McLaughlin (2024)

The qualifying speed format has been changed four times since the first race in 1911.[24] The starting grid for the first race was determined by the date the IMS received entries, and all cars had to reach 75 mph (121 km/h) on a quarter-mile part of the main straight. This was adjusted to drivers averaging 75 mph (121 km/h) on the whole track in 1912, while the starting grid was still set by the order IMS received postal entries. A blind draw was conducted in both 1913 and 1914 once drivers reached the 75 mph (121 km/h) minimum speed. The qualifying format was revised in 1915 so that the grid was determined by drivers' speeds over a single lap, with a minimum speed of 80 mph (130 km/h). From 1920 to 1932, drivers set the starting order by completing four-lap (10 mi (16 km)) qualifying runs at a set minimum speed between 80 and 95 mph (129 and 153 km/h). From 1933 to 1938, it was a ten-lap (25 mi (40 km)) qualifying speed format with cars carrying 3 US gal (11 L; 2.5 imp gal) of fuel. The four-lap speed format was reinstated in 1939, and the minimum speed requirement was dropped after 1963.[25][26][27]

Qualifying is held on the Saturday (Bump Day) and Sunday (Pole Day) of the weekend preceding the event, whereas qualifying was formerly held over two weekends.[28][29] There have been a number of different qualifying systems in the past; earlier, from 2005 to 2009, pole position through eleventh was determined on the first day of qualifying, with the rest of the grid order set over the next three days.[30] Since 2010, drivers have competed in a knockout-style qualifying system and select qualifiers are awarded season points towards the IndyCar Series championship.[31][32] The top twelve cars from the first day proceed to the second round the following day, and the top six drivers from that round advance to the third and final round, which determines the top six starting places, including pole position.[33] Since 1965, a blind draw is held the night before to determine the qualifying order,[34] and every car has been guaranteed at least one attempt to qualify in the pole position round, regardless if weather or other circumstances interfered since 1971.[35] Previously, the qualifying order was set by teams presenting their cars in a queue beginning at the garage area.[36] Warm-up laps were limited to three after World War II before dropping to two in 1982.[25] Unlike other IndyCar events,[37] each driver completes a four-lap qualifying run with no other cars on track across two days, and their average speed over each lap is used to determine their final starting position.[38]

A total of 66 drivers have won the pole position as of the 2023 race.[23] Rick Mears holds the record for the most Indianapolis 500 pole positions, having qualified first on six occasions.[39] Scott Dixon is second with five pole positions and Hélio Castroneves, A. J. Foyt, and Rex Mays are third with four poles. Eleven drivers have qualified in the pole position for two consecutive years, but no one has won in three years in a row.[23] Mays and Cliff Bergere are the youngest and oldest Indianapolis 500 pole winners, qualifying on pole at the ages of 22 years, 81 days in 1935 and 49 years, and 175 days in 1946, respectively.[40] Scott McLaughlin and Gil Andersen set the fastest and slowest four-lap average pole speeds of 234.220 mph (376.941 km/h) in 2024 and 80.93 mph (130.24 km/h) in 1912, respectively.[15][41]

Procedure edit

Speeds were recorded by the front wheels of cars travelling over a wire stretched across the circuit at the start/finish line an inch from the ground to activate the mechanism to record a lap time on a paper card before switching to using an electric eye in 1946.[42][43] Since 1990, lap times and speeds have been recorded by electronic scoring devices or timing beacon wires embedded in certain places of the track (such as the start/finish line) and are activated by wireless transponders with a unique digital identification carried inside each car. They send digital timing information to a computer system via radio, which includes speed and lap time estimated to the thousandth of a second.[44][45]

All drivers have been permitted two warm-up laps since 1982, down from three between 1946 and 1981.[25] The decision to continue or abandon the effort had to be made before the second warm-up lap was completed.[46] A qualifying attempt begins when a team representative waves a green flag. If they wave the yellow flag, the attempt will not count, and the driver must return to the pit lane. If the team did not display a green flag, a vehicle may leave the pit lane as many times as it wanted.[46][47] Prior to 1974, drivers raised one of their hands in the air to signal to officials that they wanted to start their qualifying run before the change was made to be in line with the procedure conducted at other race circuits.[48][49] Teams are allowed to modify certain parts or electronics on their cars in their pit box following the completion of their qualifying run.[50]

Since 1965, a blind draw conducted by a selected representative from each team (a driver, family member or team representative) has been held the night before qualifying to decide the qualifying order in order to reduce congestion or misunderstandings.[34][46][50] All participants have been guaranteed at least one try to qualify in the pole position round, regardless of weather or other circumstances since 1971.[35] Every driver does their qualifying run with no other car on the circuit and their average speed over all of their laps is used to determine their final starting place. The grid is arranged by 11 rows of three participants each for a total of 33 starting drivers.[38]

1911–2004 edit

In 1911, the starting order was determined by the date the IMS received entries, and all cars had to reach 75 mph (121 km/h) on a quarter-mile part of the main straight. This was adjusted to drivers averaging 75 mph (121 km/h) on the whole track in 1912, while the starting grid was still set by the order IMS received postal entries. A blind draw was conducted in both 1913 and 1914 once drivers reached the 75 mph (121 km/h) minimum speed. The qualifying format was revised in 1915 so that the grid was determined by drivers' one-lap speeds, with a minimum speed of 80 mph (130 km/h). From 1920 to 1932, participants set the starting order by completing four-lap (10 mi (16 km)) qualifying runs at a set minimum speed between 80 and 95 mph (129 and 153 km/h). From 1933 to 1938, it was a ten-lap (25 mi (40 km)) qualifying speed format with cars carrying 3 US gal (11 L; 2.5 imp gal) of fuel. The four-lap speed format was reinstated in 1939, and the minimum speed requirement was dropped after 1963.[25][26]

The draw is conducted on a "first-come, first-served" basis, with the fastest 33 drivers starting the race regardless of when they qualified.[47] Previously, the qualifying order was set by teams presenting their cars in a queue that began in the garage area.[36] The quickest qualifier on the first day or the top qualifier following a single trip through the original timing line took pole position, whichever came last. All cars were given three attempts to qualify and its speed was made official after completing four-laps (10 mi (16 km)) and cannot re-qualify. The driver could requalify in another vehicle if it did not qualify or withdrew. After 33 cars qualified, the slowest qualifier, regardless of position in the provisional starting order, could be demoted by a faster car. All successful qualifiers were assured participation in the race based on their qualifying time and speed.[47] The first day's quickest qualifier took the pole position, while the first day qualifiers were followed by those from the previous two or three days through their set qualifying speed, respectively.[46][51]

In 1996 and 1997, the top 25 cars in the Indy Racing League (IRL) points standings were guaranteed a starting position in the race with the final eight spots open for all other entries.[52][53]

2005–2009 edit

In order to boost interest, increase action, and attract more spectators, IMS officials changed the qualifying format to a four-session format known as "11-11-11" in 2005. On the first three days, 11 cars qualified, and bumping occurred on each day once position 11 was taken and within the allocated positions. Positions 11 to pole position were taken on the first day, positions 12 to 22 on the second, and positions 23 to 33 on the third. If the third day completed the starting order, the fourth and final day (Bump Day) permitted a participant that lapped faster than one that qualified in the previous three days to demote the slowest entrant from the starting order. It would take 33rd place or better if the driver went faster than any other Bump Day qualifier.[51][54][55] Bumping would be widespread throughout the starting order under this format, rather than being restricted to the slowest vehicles.[55] If the 11 starting slots on one day were not filled, they would be considered for the next day. Rain could not end a session early if all 33 spots were filled.[55] If the field was not complete, the IRL and IMS decided the time teams would have for the next available day.[56]

All cars, backup or primary, were given three attempts each day or twelve over all four days to qualify for the race.[51][55] Any driver who set the same qualifying time and speed as a participant on the first day would be placed based on where they qualified on that day. If the time and speed are the slowest overall, the participant who set the time and speed on the second day will be the first to fail to qualify.[56] If a vehicle failed to qualify on any qualifying day, it was allowed to return to the qualifying line and attempt to re-qualify based on how many attempts it had left. Entrants could still withdraw a qualified car if necessary, although it could still attempt to qualify based on the number of tries it had left for that day. Unlike previous formats, no car had to be withdrawn from the race.[51] If a car was withdrawn from the event, the rest of the field would gain one position.[56] This system, according to IMS historian Donald Davidson and author Rick Shaffer, offered the best drivers more chances to claim the pole position.[30]

2010–2013 edit

In 2010, a new "made-for-TV" two-day shootout format based loosely on the IndyCar Series' road and street course qualifying procedure was implemented.[32][57] The format gradually decreased the field to determine the pole position starter.[58] The first six-hour qualifying day filled the top 24 spots. All cars had three tries to set a qualifying speed, and positions 10 through 24 were set after the session.[31][57] The quickest nine entrants' lap times and speeds were erased,[30] and they all advanced to the 90-minute Fast Nine Shootout session, which determined pole position through ninth.[31] They started from the fastest to the slowest,[32] and each driver had to finish at least one more run with the option of another if time allowed.[30][57]

If the Fast Nine Shootout was cancelled due to inclement weather, the starting order would be set by each driver's lap times from the previous session.[32] The following day's session determined places 24 to 33, and bumping commenced when 33 cars qualified.[31] Any qualifying speed quicker than a previously qualified car would mean that car was demoted from the starting grid, regardless of the day it qualified, and any car other than those that qualified for the Fast Nine Shootout risked not qualifying.[31][59] The demoted entrant was withdrawn from the field but granted three attempts to return to the grid, time permitting, and the car that demoted it was put at the back of the starting grid.[58] There would only be one day of qualifying if rain disrupted the first day. All 33 starting positions would be set and the Fast Nine Shootout would not happen.[59]

In contrast to previous IndyCar Series races, where only the polesitter received one point, all 33 qualifying drivers earned championship points. The pole winner earned 15 points, with second and third receiving 13 and 12, respectively. Those who qualified on the second and third rows scored between 11 and 6 points in descending order. Each driver in positions 10 to 24 gained four points, while drivers in positions 25 to 33 got three points.[31][57] Following the first and fastest four-lap average speed recorded during the Fast Nine Shootout by driver Hélio Castroneves, which was therefore unbeatable, the rules were changed such that all nine entrants of the session would run in reverse order from slowest to quickest.[30]

2014–2018 edit

In 2014, a two-day format was established. IndyCar officials planned three sessions over two days to increase broadcast viewership, track attendance, and entertainment.[60][61] On the first day, the top 33 entries completed the provisional starting grid, and each car had at least one qualifying attempt. The fastest nine entrants qualified for the following day's Fast Nine Shootout.[60][62] If more than 33 vehicles were entered, a driver who was not among the top 33 qualifiers did not advance to the second day's session.[61]

The pit lane was divided into two distinct lanes. The first was called the "Priority Lane" for non-qualified vehicles or ones that had their previous qualifying lap times withdrawn, while the second was for already qualified drivers who desired another attempt. The withdrawal of the time was unnecessary.[62] All of the previous day's laps were erased the next day, and those in positions 10 to 33 had to make another attempt to set the starting order. To set the top nine positions, the Fast Nine Shootout's nine qualifiers went out in reverse order from the previous day's slowest to fastest speeds.[61][62]

Every qualifier on the first day received points, with the fastest driver getting 33 points and the slowest contender receiving one point. The pole sitting earned nine points, while the driver in ninth received one point.[63] In 2016, this was changed to qualifying's second day, with the pole sitter collecting 42 points down to the 33rd-placed qualifier earning one point.[64] The qualifying points format was significantly revised in 2018, with the pole sitter receiving nine points, down to one point for the ninth-placed qualifier.[65]

2019–present edit

Following debate when driver James Hinchcliffe failed to qualify in 2018, a modified version of the two-day format intended to be more exciting was used from 2019.[66][67] Every driver had one qualifying run to claim a top 30 starting position on the first day, but more attempts could be made time and weather permitting until the track was closed. Positions 10 to 30 were claimed and did not re-qualify the following day.[68] The second day included a one-hour Last Row Shootout for the slowest three qualifiers, as well as the Fast Nine Shootout.[68] Each car in both sessions received one try, and their prior day's times were erased. The Last Row Shootout's order to set places 31 to 33 and demote any one from the starting order was based on the previous day's results, and the Fast Nine Shootout to set pole position through ninth ran in reverse order from the slowest to the quickest car from the previous day.[66][68] The Last Row Shootout was extended to 75 minutes in 2020 to give each competitor three qualifying chances.[69]

IndyCar modified the format again in 2022 to more closely resemble its qualifying procedure on road and street circuits.[70] Following the first day of qualifying to determine positions 13 to 30 through drivers' speeds,[70] there would be two sessions to set the first four rows, including the pole position.[33] The 60-minute Last Chance Qualifying session would occur if there were more than 33 entries and all were guaranteed of one or multiple tries until the session ended to decide positions 31 to 33 and the car that does not qualify for the race.[37][50] Those in 13th to 33rd had their starting positions guaranteed if just 33 cars were entered.[71] If a driver makes multiple tries, all of their other times are deleted, and the top non-qualified entry takes 33rd place.[33] Participants got an extra cool-down lap after each attempt to reduce the effect of heat soak and to make further tries until there were 10 minutes left.[72] The top 12 qualifiers compete in the second round of qualifying, with the fastest six advancing to the ensuing Fast Six Shootout to determine pole position to sixth place based on their final performance.[71] The top six slowest qualifiers start from places seven through twelve according to their set time. Each driver receives one attempt in each session, which are run in reverse order from slowest to fastest.[33]

Beginning in 2023, the format's schedule was adjusted. The Top 12 Qualifying session now occurs before the Last Chance Qualifying session.[73] Points are currently granted to the first 12 qualifiers, with the pole position starter earning 12 points and the driver starting in 12th place earning one.[33]

By year edit

Polesitters of the Indianapolis 500 by year[74][75][76]
YearDateDriver[77]No.TeamMakeTireSpeedFinishRef
TimeMPHKPH
1911May 26  Lewis Strang (USA)*1Case CorporationCase-WisconsinUnkPassed 5/2629[78]
1912May 27  Gil Andersen (USA)*‡1Ideal Motor Car CompanyStutz-WisconsinUnk1:51.2080.93[d]130.2416[80]
1913May 27  Caleb Bragg (USA)†‡19Mercer Automobile CompanyMercerUnk1:42.8687.34[e]140.5615[81]
1914May 26  Jean Chassagne (FRA) (R)†‡12Sunbeam Motor Car CompanySunbeamUnk1:41.9188.31[f]142.1229[82]
1915May 23  Howdy Wilcox (USA)1Stutz Motor Car CompanyStutzUnk1:31.0098.80159.007[83]
1916May 26  Johnny Aitken (USA)18Indianapolis Speedway Team CompanyPeugeot EX3Unk1:33.8395.90155.6115[84]
1917–1918
Not held as a result of World War I
[79]
1919May 27  René Thomas (FRA)31Ernest BallotBallotUnk1:25.89104.78168.6311[85]
1920May 26  Ralph DePalma (USA)2Ralph DePalmaBallotUnk1:30.0899.15159.575[86]
1921May 25  Ralph DePalma (USA)4Ralph DePalmaBallotUnk1:29.11100.75162.1412[87]
1922May 25  Jimmy Murphy (USA)35Jimmy MurphyDuesenberg-MillerF5:58.24100.50161.741[88]
1923May 26  Tommy Milton (USA)1H. C. S. Motor CompanyMillerF5:32.81108.17174.081[89]
1924May 26  Jimmy Murphy (USA)2Jimmy MurphyMillerF5:33.20108.037173.8693[90]
1925May 26  Leon Duray (USA)28Harry HartzMillerF5:18.03113.196182.1716[91]
1926May 27  Earl Cooper (USA)5Miller AutomobilesMillerF5:22.19111.735179.82016[92]
1927May 26  Frank Lockhart (USA)2Frank S LockhartMillerF4:59.75120.100193.28218[93]
1928May 26  Leon Duray (USA)4Leon DurayMillerF4:54.14122.391196.96919[94]
1929May 25  Cliff Woodbury (USA)8Cliff R WoodburyMillerUnk4:58.51120.599194.08533[95]
1930May 24  Billy Arnold (USA)4Harry HartzSummers-MillerF5:17.83113.268182.2871[96]
1931May 23  Russ Snowberger (USA)‡4Russell SnowbergerSnowberger-StudebakerF5:19.16112.796[g]181.5285[98]
1932May 21  Lou Moore (USA)8M. J. BoyleMillerF5:06.74117.363188.87725[99]
1933May 20  Bill Cummings (USA)5M. J. BoyleMillerF12:39.30118.530[h]190.75625[101]
1934May 19  Kelly Petillo (USA)17Joe MarksAdams-MillerF12:34.22119.329192.04111[102]
1935May 18  Rex Mays (USA)[i]33Paul WeirickAdams-MillerF12:25.43120.736194.30617[104]
1936May 16  Rex Mays (USA)33Paul WeirickAdams-SparksF12:32.23119.644192.54815[105]
1937May 15  Bill Cummings (USA)‡16H. C. HenningMiller-OffenhauserF12:09.67123.343[j]198.5016[106]
1938May 21  Floyd Roberts (USA)‡23Lou MooreWetteroth-MillerF11:56.10125.681[k]202.2641[108]
1939May 20  Jimmy Snyder (USA)10Thorne EngineeringAdams-SparksF4:36.63130.138209.4372[109]
1940May 18  Rex Mays (USA)33Bowes RacingStevens-WinfieldF4:41.58127.850205.7552[110]
1941May 17  Mauri Rose (USA)3Lou MooreMaserati 8CTFF4:39.74128.691207.10826[111]
1942–1945
Not held as a result of World War II
[79]
1946May 18  Cliff Bergere (USA)‡3Shirley BergereWetteroth-OffenhauserF4:44.65126.471[l]203.53516[43]
1947May 17  Ted Horn (USA)‡1H. C. HenningMaserati 8CTFF4:44.44126.564[m]203.6853[112]
1948May 15  Rex Mays (USA)‡5Bowes RacingKurtis-WinfieldF4:35.70130.577[n]210.14319[113]
1949May 14  Duke Nalon (USA)54W. C. WinfieldKurtis-NoviF4:38.80132.939213.94529[114]
1950May 13  Walt Faulkner (USA) (R)98J. C. AgajanianKurtis KK2000-OffenhauserF4:27.97134.343216.2047[115]
1951May 12  Duke Nalon (USA)‡54Jean MarcenacKurtis-NoviF4:23.75136.498[o]219.67210[116]
1952May 17  Fred Agabashian (USA)‡28Cummins Engine CoKurtis-CumminsF4:20.85138.010[p]222.10627[117]
1953May 17  Bill Vukovich (USA)14Howard B. KeckKurtis KK500A-OffenhauserF4:20.13138.392222.7201[118]
1954May 15  Jack McGrath (USA)2Jack B. HinkleKurtis KK500C-OffenhauserF4:15.26141.033226.7913[119]
1955May 14  Jerry Hoyt (USA)‡23Jim RobbinsStevens-OffenhauserF4:17.06140.045[q]225.38131[120]
1956May 19  Pat Flaherty (USA)8John ZinkWatson-OffenhauserF4:07.26145.596234.3141[121]
1957May 18  Pat O'Connor (USA)‡12Chapman S. RootKurtis KK500G-OffenhauserF4:10.09143.948[r]231.6628[122]
1958May 17  Dick Rathmann (USA)97Lee ElkinsWatson-OffenhauserF4:06.62145.974234.92227[123]
1959May 16  Johnny Thomson (USA)3Racing AssociatesLesovsky-OffenhauserF4:06.73145.908234.8163[124]
1960May 14  Eddie Sachs (USA)‡6Dean Van Lines RacingEwing-OffenhauserF4:05.58146.592[s]235.91721[125]
1961May 13  Eddie Sachs (USA)12Dean Van Lines RacingEwing-OffenhauserF4:04.10147.481237.3482[126]
1962May 12  Parnelli Jones (USA)98J. C. AgajanianWatson-OffenhauserF3:59.41150.370241.9977[127]
1963May 18  Parnelli Jones (USA)98J. C. AgajanianWatson-OffenhauserF3:58.17151.153243.2571[128]
1964May 16  Jim Clark (GBR)6Team LotusLotus 34-FordD3:46.66158.828255.60924[129]
1965May 15  A. J. Foyt (USA)1Ansted-Thompson RacingLotus 34-FordG3:43.28161.233259.47915[130]
1966May 14  Mario Andretti (USA)1Dean Van Lines RacingBrawner Hawk Mk I-FordF3:37.00165.899266.98918[131]
1967May 13  Mario Andretti (USA)1Dean Van Lines RacingBrawner Hawk Mk II-FordF3:33.04168.982271.95030[132]
1968May 18  Joe Leonard (USA)60Vel's Parnelli Jones RacingLotus 56-Pratt & WhitneyF3:29.84171.559276.09712[133]
1969May 24  A. J. Foyt (USA)6Ansted-Thompson RacingCoyote-FordG3:31.06170.568274.5038[134]
1970May 16  Al Unser (USA)2Vel's Parnelli Jones RacingColt 70-FordF3:31.49170.221273.9441[135]
1971May 15  Peter Revson (USA)86Team McLarenMcLaren M16-OffenhauserG3:21.46178.696287.5832[136]
1972May 14  Bobby Unser (USA)6All American RacersEagle 72-OffenhauserG3:03.73195.940315.33530[137]
1973May 12  Johnny Rutherford (USA)7Team McLarenMcLaren M16C-OffenhauserG3:01.44198.413319.3159[138]
1974May 11  A. J. Foyt (USA)14Gilmore Racing TeamCoyote-FordG3:07.86191.632308.40215[139]
1975May 10  A. J. Foyt (USA)14Gilmore Racing TeamCoyote-FordG3:05.59193.976312.1743[140]
1976May 15  Johnny Rutherford (USA)‡2Bruce McLaren Motor RacingMcLaren M16E-OffenhauserG3:10.52188.957[t]304.0971[141]
1977May 14  Tom Sneva (USA)8Penske RacingMcLaren M24-CosworthG3:01.01198.884320.0732[142]
1978May 20  Tom Sneva (USA)1Penske RacingPenske PC-6-CosworthG2:58.08202.156325.3392[143]
1979May 13  Rick Mears (USA)1Penske RacingPenske PC-6-CosworthG3:05.82193.736311.7881[144]
1980May 10  Johnny Rutherford (USA)4Chaparral RacingChaparral 2K-CosworthG3:07.25192.256309.4061[145]
1981May 16  Bobby Unser (USA)‡3Penske RacingPenske PC9B-CosworthG2:59.51200.546[u]322.7481[146]
1982May 15  Rick Mears (USA)1Penske RacingPenske PC10B-CosworthG2:53.91207.004333.1412[147]
1983May 21  Teo Fabi (ITA) (R)33Forsythe RacingMarch 83C-CosworthG2:53.582207.395333.77026[148]
1984May 12  Tom Sneva (USA)1Mayer Motor RacingMarch 84C-CosworthG2:51.405210.029338.00916[149]
1985May 11  Pancho Carter (USA)6Galles RacingMarch 85C-BuickG2:49.346212.583342.11933[150]
1986May 10  Rick Mears (USA)4Penske RacingMarch 86C-CosworthG2:46.030216.828348.9513[151]
1987May 9  Mario Andretti (USA)5Newman/Haas RacingLola T87/00-ChevroletG2:47.135215.390346.6379[152]
1988May 14  Rick Mears (USA)5Penske RacingPenske PC-17-ChevroletG2:44.235219.198352.7651[153]
1989May 14  Rick Mears (USA)4Penske RacingPenske PC-18-ChevroletG2:40.797223.885360.30823[154]
1990May 13  Emerson Fittipaldi (BRA)1Penske RacingPenske PC-19-ChevroletG2:39.786225.301362.5873[155]
1991May 11  Rick Mears (USA)‡3Penske RacingPenske PC-20-ChevroletG2:40.633224.113[v]360.6751[156]
1992May 9  Roberto Guerrero (COL)36King RacingLola T92/00-BuickG2:34.851232.482374.14433[157]
1993May 15  Arie Luyendyk (NED)10Chip Ganassi RacingLola T93/00-FordG2:40.738223.967360.4402[158]
1994May 14  Al Unser Jr. (USA)31Penske RacingPenske PC-23-Mercedes-BenzG2:37.887228.011366.9481[159]
1995May 13  Scott Brayton (USA)60Team MenardLola T95/00-Buick/MenardG2:35.438231.604372.73117[160]
1996May 11  Tony Stewart (USA)[w] (R)‡20Team MenardLola T95/00-Buick/MenardF2:34.440233.100[x]375.13824[52]
1997May 10  Arie Luyendyk (NED)5Treadway RacingG-Force GF01-Oldsmobile AuroraF2:44.939218.263351.2601[53]
1998May 16  Billy Boat (USA)11A. J. Foyt RacingDallara IR-7-Oldsmobile AuroraG2:40.072223.503359.69323[162]
1999May 22  Arie Luyendyk (NED)5Treadway RacingG-Force GF01-Oldsmobile AuroraF2:39.873225.179362.39022[163]
2000May 20  Greg Ray (USA)1Team MenardDallara IR-00-Oldsmobile AuroraF2:41.095223.471359.67233[164]
2001May 12  Scott Sharp (USA)8Kelley RacingDallara IR-01-Oldsmobile AuroraF2:39.2658226.037363.77133[165]
2002May 11  Bruno Junqueira (BRA)33Chip Ganassi RacingG-Force GF05-ChevroletF2:35.6136231.342372.30931[166]
2003May 11  Hélio Castroneves (BRA)3Team PenskeDallara IR-03-ToyotaF2:35.3564231.725372.9252[167]
2004May 15  Buddy Rice (USA)15Rahal Letterman RacingPanoz G-Force GF09-HondaF2:42.1445222.024357.3131[168]
2005May 15  Tony Kanaan (BRA)‡11Andretti Green RacingDallara IR-03-HondaF2:38.1961227.566[y]366.2328[169]
2006May 20  Sam Hornish Jr. (USA)6Team PenskeDallara IR-03-HondaF2:37.2155228.985368.5161[170]
2007May 12  Hélio Castroneves (BRA)3Team PenskeDallara IR-05-HondaF2:39.4214225.817363.4173[171]
2008May 10  Scott Dixon (NZL)9Chip Ganassi RacingDallara IR-05-HondaF2:39.0348226.366364.3011[172]
2009May 9  Hélio Castroneves (BRA)3Team PenskeDallara IR-05-HondaF2:40.0967224.864361.8801[173]
2010May 22  Hélio Castroneves (BRA)3Team PenskeDallara IR-05-HondaF2:37.9154227.970367.8099[174]
2011May 21  Alex Tagliani (CAN)77Sam Schmidt MotorsportsDallara IR-05-HondaF2:38.2613227.472366.08128[175]
2012May 19  Ryan Briscoe (AUS)2Team PenskeDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:38.9514226.484364.4915[176]
2013May 18  Ed Carpenter (USA)‡20Ed Carpenter RacingDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:37.3689228.762[z]368.15610[178]
2014May 18  Ed Carpenter (USA)20Ed Carpenter RacingDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:35.7992231.067371.86627[179]
2015May 17  Scott Dixon (NZL)9Chip Ganassi RacingDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:38.7579226.760[aa]364.9354[181]
2016May 22  James Hinchcliffe (CAN)5Schmidt Peterson MotorsportsDallara DW12-HondaF2:36.0063230.760[ab]371.3717[183]
2017May 21  Scott Dixon (NZL)9Chip Ganassi RacingDallara DW12-HondaF2:35.0630232.164373.63232[184]
2018May 20  Ed Carpenter (USA)20Ed Carpenter RacingDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:36.7818229.618369.5342[185]
2019May 19  Simon Pagenaud (FRA)‡22Team PenskeDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:36.5271229.992[ac]370.1361[187]
2020August 16  Marco Andretti (USA)98Andretti Herta Autosport w/ Marco Andretti & Curb-AgajanianDallara DW12-HondaF2:35.7985231.068[ad]371.86813[189]
2021May 23  Scott Dixon (NZL)9Chip Ganassi RacingDallara DW12-HondaF2:35.3837231.685[ae]372.86117[191]
2022May 22  Scott Dixon (NZL)9Chip Ganassi RacingDallara DW12-HondaF2:33.8162234.046376.66121[192]
2023May 21  Álex Palou (ESP)10Chip Ganassi RacingDallara DW12-HondaF2:33.7037234.217376.9364[193]
2024May 19  Scott McLaughlin (NZL)3Team PenskeDallara DW12-ChevroletF2:33.7017234.220376.940TBD[15]

By driver edit

Rick Mears (pictured in 2021) holds the record for the most pole positions in the Indianapolis 500 with six.
Scott Dixon (pictured in 2021) has qualified on pole position for the race on five occasions.
Multiple pole positions by driver[74]
DriverPolesYears
Rick Mears61979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991
Scott Dixon52008, 2015, 2017, 2021, 2022
Hélio Castroneves42003, 2007, 2009, 2010
A. J. Foyt1965, 1969, 1974, 1975
Rex Mays1935, 1936, 1940, 1948
Mario Andretti31966, 1967, 1987
Ed Carpenter2013, 2014, 2018
Arie Luyendyk1993, 1997, 1999
Johnny Rutherford1973, 1976, 1980
Tom Sneva1977, 1978, 1984
Bill Cummings21933, 1937
Ralph DePalma1920, 1921
Leon Duray1925, 1928
Parnelli Jones1962, 1963
Jimmy Murphy1922, 1924
Duke Nalon1949, 1951
Eddie Sachs1960, 1961
Bobby Unser1972, 1981

By driver nationality edit

List of pole positions won, by nationality of driver[74]
RankLicencePolesDrivers
1  United States8250
2  Brazil74
3  New Zealand62
4  France33
 Netherlands31
6  Canada22
7  Australia11
 Colombia11
 Italy11
 Spain11
 United Kingdom11

By team edit

Teams by number of Indianapolis 500 pole positions[74]
TeamsPolesYear(s)
Team Penske191977–1979, 1981–1982, 1986, 1988–1991, 1994, 2003, 2006–2007, 2009–2010, 2012, 2019, 2024
Chip Ganassi Racing81993, 2002, 2008, 2015, 2017, 2021–2023
Dean Van Lines Racing41960–1961, 1966–1967
A. J. Foyt Racing31974–1975, 1998
Ed Carpenter Racing2013–2014, 2018
J. C. Agajanian1950–1962–1963
Team McLaren1971, 1973, 1976
Team Menard1995, 1996, 2000
Andretti Autosport22005, 2020
Ansted-Thompson Racing1965, 1969
Bowes Racing1940, 1948
H. C. Henning1937, 1947
Harry Hartz1925, 1930
Jimmy Murphy1922, 1924
Lou Moore1938, 1941
M. J. Boyle1932, 1933
Paul Weirick1935, 1936
Ralph DePalma1920, 1921
Schmidt Peterson Motorsports2011, 2016
Treadway Racing1997, 1999
Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing1968, 1970
All American Racers11972
Case Corporation1911
Chaparral Racing1980
Chapman S. Root1957
Cliff R Woodbury1929
Cummins Engine Co1952
Ernest Ballot1919
Forsythe Racing1983
Frank S Lockhart1927
Galles Racing1985
H. C. S. Motor Company1923
Howard B. Keck1953
Ideal Motor Car Company1912
Indianapolis Speedway Team Company1916
Jack B. Hinkle1954
Jean Marcenac1951
Jim Robbins1955
Joe Marks1934
John Zink1956
Kelley Racing2001
King Racing1992
Lee Elkins1958
Leon Duray1928
Mayer Motor Racing1984
Miller Autosports1926
Newman/Haas Racing1987
Racing Associates1959
Rahal Letterman Racing2004
Russell Snowberger1931
Shirley Bergere1946
Stutz Motor Car Company1915
Sunbeam Motor Car Company1914
Team Lotus1964
Thorne Engineering1939
W. C. Winfield1949

By car make edit

Car makes by Indianapolis 500 pole positions[74]
MakePolesYear(s)
Dallara241998, 2000–2001, 2003, 2005–2024
Miller101923–1929, 1932–1933, 1937
Penske91978–1979, 1981–1982, 1978–1991, 1994
Kurtis Kraft81948–1954, 1957
Lola51987, 1992–1993, 1995, 1996
Adams41934–1936, 1939
A. J. Watson1956, 1958, 1962–1963
Panoz1997, 1999, 2002, 2004
March1983–1986
McLaren1971, 1973, 1976–1977
Ballot31919–1921
Coyote1969, 1974–1975
Lotus1964–1965, 1968
Brawner Hawk21966–1967
Ewing1960–1961
Maserati1941–1947
Stevens1940, 1955
Stutz1912, 1915
Wetteroth1938, 1946
Case11911
Chaparral1980
Colt1970
Duesenberg1922
Eagle1972
Lesovsky1959
Mercer1913
Peugeot1916
Snowberger1931
Summers1930
Sunbeam1914

By engine manufacturer edit

Engine manufacturers by number of Indianapolis 500 poles[74]
ManufacturersPolesYear(s)
Offenhauser181937, 1946, 1950, 1953–1963, 1971–1973, 1976
Honda142004–2011, 2016–2017, 2020–2023
Miller1922–1930, 1932–1935, 1938
Chevrolet131987–1991, 2002, 2012–2015, 2018–2019, 2024
Cosworth91977–1984, 1986
Ford1964–1967, 1969–1970, 1974–1975, 1993
Oldsmobile Aurora51997–2001
Buick41985, 1992, 1995–1996
Ballot31919–1921
Maserati21941, 1947
Menard1995–1996
Novi1949, 1951
Sparks1936, 1939
Wisconsin1911–1912
Cummins11952
Mercer1913
Mercedes-Benz1994
Peugeot1916
Pratt & Whitney1968
Studebaker1931
Stutz1915
Sunbeam1914
Toyota2003
Winfield1940

By tire make edit

Indianapolis 500 pole positions by tire manufacturer[74]
RankManufacturerPolesYear(s)
1FFirestone691922–1928, 1930–1963, 1966–1968, 1970, 1996–1997, 1999–2024[af]
2GGoodyear281965, 1969, 1971–1995, 1998
3DDunlop11964

Notes edit

  1. ^ It was called the International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race in 1911, the Liberty Sweepstakes in 1919, and the International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race again from 1920 to 1980.[1]
  2. ^ The prize money was initially $6,000,[6] before being increased to $10,000,[7] $22,500,[8] $25,000 and finally $27,500.[9][10]
  3. ^ Drivers who took the pole position on the first day of qualifying were presented with the 33 in (2.8 ft) gold Robert M. Bowes Memorial Trophy that was named after car owner Robert M. Bowes and established by Bowes Seal Fast employees in 1946.[11] The Walter E. Lyon Memorial Trophy was later presented to the fastest qualifying driver.[12]
  4. ^ David Bruce-Brown was the fastest overall qualifier with a speed of 88.45 mph (142.35 km/h).[79]
  5. ^ Jack Tower was the fastest overall qualifier with a speed of 88.23 mph (141.99 km/h).[79]
  6. ^ Georges Boillot was the fastest overall qualifier with a speed of 99.86 mph (160.71 km/h).[79]
  7. ^ Billy Arnold was the fastest qualifier but was disqualified for having his brakes disconnected.[97] He set the fastest overall qualifying speed of 116.080 mph (186.813 km/h) and began from 18th.[79]
  8. ^ Contemporary sources reported that the 1933 average pole speed was 118.521 mph (190.741 km/h).[100]
  9. ^ Kelly Petillo qualified fastest with an average speed of 121.687 mph (195.836 km/h), but was disqualified for using 5/8 pint too much fuel. Mays was elevated to the pole position.[103]
  10. ^ Jimmy Snyder in 19th set the fastest qualifying speed of 125.287 mph (201.630 km/h).[79] Contemporary news reports said that the 1937 average pole speed was 123.455 mph (198.682 km/h).[106]
  11. ^ 10th-place qualifier Ronney Householder set the quickest qualifying speed of 125.769 mph (202.406 km/h).[79] Roberts' pole speed was announced as 125.506 mph (201.982 km/h) before it was corrected to 125.681 mph (202.264 km/h).[107]
  12. ^ Ralph Hepburn in 19th recorded the fastest qualifying speed of 133.944 mph (215.562 km/h).[79]
  13. ^ Bill Holland, who started 8th, recorded the fastest qualifying speed of 128.755 mph (207.211 km/h).[79]
  14. ^ Duke Nalon set the fastest qualifying speed of 131.603 mph (211.794 km/h) and took 11th.[79]
  15. ^ The fastest overall qualifier was Walt Faulkner in 14th who recorded a speed of 136.872 mph (220.274 km/h).[79]
  16. ^ The fastest qualifier was Chet Miller who set a speed of 139.034 mph (223.754 km/h) for 27th.[79]
  17. ^ The fastest qualifier was Jack McGrath who set a speed of 142.580 mph (229.460 km/h) for 8th place.[79]
  18. ^ Paul Russo in 10th went fastest overall in qualifying with a speed of 144.817 mph (233.060 km/h).[79]
  19. ^ Jim Hurtubise took 20th and went quickest overall in qualifying with a speed of 149.056 mph (239.882 km/h).[79]
  20. ^ The fastest overall qualifier was Mario Andretti with a speed of 189.404 mph (304.816 km/h) for 19th.[79]
  21. ^ The fastest overall qualifier was Tom Sneva with a speed of 200.691 mph (322.981 km/h) that put him 20th.[79]
  22. ^ The fastest overall qualifier was Gary Bettenhausen with a speed of 224.468 mph (361.246 km/h) that put him 13th.[79]
  23. ^ Scott Brayton was the fastest in qualifying, but his car was taken over by Danny Ongais after he died in a practice accident. Arie Luyendyk was disqualified from second place as his car was 7 lb (3.2 kg) underweight. All this promoted Stewart to the pole position.[52]
  24. ^ Arie Luyendyk set the one-lap IMS record of 237.498 mph (382.216 km/h) and the four-lap track record of 236.986 mph (381.392 km/h) in the second day of qualifying and qualified 20th.[161]
  25. ^ Kenny Bräck recorded the fastest overall speed of 227.598 mph (366.283 km/h) in qualifying to start from 23rd place.[79]
  26. ^ Will Power had the fastest qualifying speed of 228.844 mph (368.289 km/h).[177]
  27. ^ Ryan Hunter-Reay had the fastest overall qualifying speed of 229.845 mph (369.900 km/h) but it was voided because of inclement weather on the first day of qualifying.[180]
  28. ^ The fastest overall qualifying speed of 230.946 mph (371.672 km/h) was recorded by Hinchcliffe during the first day of qualifying.[182]
  29. ^ Spencer Pigot recorded the fastest qualifying speed of 230.083 mph (370.283 km/h) in the first day of qualifying.[186]
  30. ^ Marco Andretti posted the fastest qualifying attempt of 231.351 mph (372.323 km/h) on qualifying's first day.[188]
  31. ^ Scott Dixon recorded the fastest overall speed of 231.828 mph (373.091 km/h) during the first day of qualifying.[190]
  32. ^ All tires have been provided by Firestone since 2000.[74]

References edit

General
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  • "Indy Car Series". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  • "Races: Indianapolis". Motor Sport. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  • "Results". IndyCar Series. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
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Bibliography edit

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