Wiki English 2024
EnglishJapaneseVietnamese

List of European Commissioners by nationality

A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (before the Barroso I Commission in November 2004, the five largest states—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.

The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. The United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020, and did not nominate a commissioner when the Juncker Commission ended on 1 December 2019.

Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their European political family background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly the European People's Party; red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists; yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party; green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party; grey for independents or unknowns; and their pan-European predecessors).

List of European Commissioners by nationality edit

StateNamePortfolioStartEndCommissionPartyFamily
AustriaFranz FischlerAgriculture and Rural Development23 January 199515 September 1999SanterÖVPEPP
Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries16 September 199921 November 2004Prodi
Benita Ferrero-WaldnerExternal Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy22 November 20041 December 2009Barroso IÖVPEPP
Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy1 December 20099 February 2010
Johannes HahnRegional Policy9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIÖVPEPP
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (acting)[1]19 April 201425 May 2014
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (acting)[1]1 July 201416 July 2014
European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations1 November 201430 November 2019Juncker
Regional Policy (acting)[2]3 July 201930 November 2019
Budget and Administration1 December 2019presentVon der Leyen
BelgiumJean ReyExternal Relations7 January 19589 January 1962Hallstein IPLPALDE
External Relations9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
President2 July 196730 June 1970Rey
Albert CoppéBudget, Credit, Investment, Press and Information2 July 196730 June 1970ReyCVPEPP
Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control1 July 197021 March 1972Malfatti
Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Henri SimonetTaxation, Financial Institutions and Energy (Vice President)6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliPSPES
Étienne DavignonInternal Market, Industrial Affairs and Customs Union6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsCDHEPP
Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (Vice President)6 January 19815 January 1985Thorn
Willy De ClercqExternal Relations and Trade5 January 19855 January 1989Delors IPVVALDE
Karel Van MiertTransport, Credit, Investment, and Consumer Protection6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IISP.APES
Competition, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Competition23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
Philippe BusquinResearch16 September 199918 July 2004ProdiPSPES
Louis MichelResearch18 July 200421 November 2004ProdiMRALDE
Development and Humanitarian Aid22 November 200417 July 2009Barroso I
Karel De GuchtDevelopment and Humanitarian Aid17 July 20099 February 2010Barroso IVLDALDE
Trade9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Marianne ThyssenEmployment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerCD&VEPP
Didier ReyndersJustice[3]1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenMRALDE
Competition (acting)[4]5 September 20238 December 2023
BulgariaMeglena KunevaConsumer Protection1 January 20079 February 2010Barroso INDSVALDE[5]
Kristalina GeorgievaInternational Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIGERBEPP
Budget and Human Resources (Vice President)1 November 201431 December 2016Juncker
Mariya GabrielDigital Economy and Society7 July 201730 November 2019JunckerGERBEPP
Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth[6]1 December 201915 May 2023Von der Leyen
Iliana IvanovaInnovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth19 September 2023presentVon der LeyenGERBEPP
CroatiaNeven MimicaConsumer Protection[7]1 July 201331 October 2014Barroso IISDPPES
International Cooperation and Development1 November 201430 November 2019Juncker
Dubravka ŠuicaDemocracy and Demography (Vice President)1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenHDZEPP
CyprusMarkos KyprianouBudget1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiDIKOPES
Health and Consumer Protection22 November 20041 January 2007Barroso I
Health1 January 20073 March 2008
Androulla VassiliouHealth3 March 20089 February 2010Barroso IEDIALDE
Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Christos StylianidesHumanitarian Aid and Crisis Management1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerDISYEPP
Stella KyriakidouHealth and Food Safety1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenDISYEPP
Czech RepublicPavel TeličkaHealth and Consumer Protection1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiUS-DEUALDE
Vladimír ŠpidlaEmployment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso IČSSDPES
Štefan FüleEnlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIČSSDPES
Věra JourováJustice, Consumers and Gender Equality1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerANOALDE
Values and Transparency (Vice President)1 December 2019presentVon der Leyen
A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (acting)[4]5 September 20238 December 2023
Justice (acting)[3]15 April 2024present
DenmarkFinn Olav GundelachInternal Market and Customs Union6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliSDPES
Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President)5 January 19776 January 1981Jenkins
Agriculture6 January 198113 January 1981Thorn
Poul DalsagerAgriculture20 January 19815 January 1985ThornSDPES
Henning ChristophersenBudget, Financial Control, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)5 January 19855 January 1989Delors IVALDE
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
Economic, Financial and Monetary Affairs, Credit and Investment (Vice President)5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Ritt BjerregaardEnvironment and Nuclear Safety23 January 199515 September 1999SanterSDPES
Poul NielsonDevelopment and Humanitarian Aid16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiSDPES
Mariann Fischer BoelAgriculture and Rural Development22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso IVALDE
Connie HedegaardClimate Action9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIKFEPP
Margrethe VestagerCompetition1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerRVALDE
A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (Executive Vice President)[4]1 December 2019presentVon der Leyen
Competition[4]1 December 2019present
Innovation and Research (acting)[6]10 May 20235 September 2023
EstoniaSiim KallasEconomic and Monetary Affairs1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiRPALDE
Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud (Vice President)22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Transport (Vice President)9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (acting)[8]7 April 201425 May 2014
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (acting)[8]1 July 201416 July 2014
Andrus AnsipDigital Single Market (Vice President)1 November 20141 July 2019JunckerRPALDE
Digital Economy and Society (acting)[9]1 January 20177 July 2017
Kadri SimsonEnergy1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenEKALDE
FinlandErkki LiikanenBudget, Personnel and Administration25 January 199515 September 1999SanterSDPPES
Enterprise and Information Society16 September 199911 July 2004Prodi
Olli RehnEnterprise and Information Society12 July 200421 November 2004ProdiSKALDE
Enlargement22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Economic and Monetary Affairs9 February 201027 October 2011Barroso II
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)[8]27 October 20111 July 2014Barroso II
Jyrki KatainenEconomic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)16 July 201431 October 2014Barroso IIKOKEPP
Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness (Vice President)1 November 201430 November 2019Juncker
Jutta UrpilainenInternational Partnerships[10]1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenSDPPES
FranceRobert LemaignenOverseas Development7 January 19589 January 1962Hallstein IUnknownEPP
Robert MarjolinEconomic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)7 January 19589 January 1962Hallstein ISFIOPES
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
Henri RochereauOverseas Development9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein IIUnknownEPP
Overseas Development2 July 196730 June 1970Rey
Raymond BarreEconomic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)2 July 196730 June 1970ReyUDFALDE
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)1 July 197021 March 1972Malfatti
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Jean-François DeniauEnlargement and Development Aid1 July 197021 March 1972MalfattiUDFALDE
Enlargement and Development Aid22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Development, Budget and Financial Control6 January 19735 January 1977Ortoli
François-Xavier OrtoliPresident6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliUDR /
RPR[11]		EPP
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)6 January 19776 January 1981Jenkins
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)6 January 19815 January 1985Thorn
Claude CheyssonDevelopment, Budget and Financial Control6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliPSPES
Development6 January 19776 January 1981Jenkins
Development6 January 198123 April 1981Thorn
Mediterranean Policy and North-South Relations5 January 19855 January 1989Delors I
Edgard PisaniDevelopment26 May 19813 December 1984ThornPSPES
Jacques DelorsPresident5 January 19855 January 1989Delors IPSPES
President6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
President5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Christiane ScrivenerTaxation and Customs Union6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IIPRALDE
Taxation, Customs Union and Consumer Protection5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Yves-Thibault de SilguyEconomic and Financial Affairs, Credit and Investment23 January 199515 September 1999SanterRPREPP
Édith CressonResearch, Science, Technological Development, Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth23 January 199515 September 1999SanterPSPES
Pascal LamyTrade16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiPSPES
Michel BarnierRegional Policy16 September 199931 March 2004ProdiUMPEPP
Jacques BarrotRegional Policy31 March 200421 November 2004ProdiUMPEPP
Transport (Vice President)22 November 20049 May 2008Barroso I
Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)9 May 20089 February 2010
Michel BarnierInternal Market and Services (Vice President)[12]9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIUMPEPP
Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting)[13]19 April 201425 May 2014
Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting)[13]1 July 201416 July 2014
Pierre MoscoviciEconomic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPSPES
Thierry BretonInternal Market1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenLREMALDE
GermanyWalter HallsteinPresident7 January 19589 January 1962Hallstein ICDUEPP
President9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
Hans von der GroebenCompetition7 January 19589 January 1962Hallstein ICDUEPP
Competition9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
Internal Market and Regional Policy2 July 196730 June 1970Rey
Fritz HellwigResearch, Technology and Information Distribution (Vice President)2 July 196730 June 1970ReyCDUEPP
Wilhelm HaferkampEnergy (Vice President)2 July 196730 June 1970ReySPDPES
Internal Market and Energy (Vice President)1 July 197021 March 1972Malfatti
Internal Market and Energy (Vice President)22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)6 January 19735 January 1977Ortoli
External Relations (Vice President)6 January 19776 January 1981Jenkins
External Relations and Nuclear Affairs (Vice President)6 January 19815 January 1985Thorn
Ralf DahrendorfExternal Relations and Trade1 July 197021 March 1972MalfattiFDPALDE
External Relations and Trade22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Research, Science and Education6 January 19735 January 1977Ortoli
Guido BrunnerEnergy, Research, Science and Education6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsFDPALDE
Karl-Heinz NarjesInternal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety6 January 19815 January 1985ThornCDUEPP
Industrial Affairs, Information Technology, Research and Science (Vice President)5 January 19855 January 1989Delors I
Alois PfeifferEconomic Affairs, Employment, Credit and Investment5 January 19855 January 1986Delors ISPDPES
Economic Affairs and Regional Policy5 January 19861 August 1987
Peter SchmidhuberEconomic Affairs and Regional Policy2 September 19875 January 1989Delors ICSUEPP
Budget and Financial Control6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
Budget and Financial Control5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Martin BangemannInternal Market, Industrial Affairs and Parliamentary Relations (Vice President)6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IIFDPALDE
Industrial Affairs, Information Technology and Telecommunications (Vice President)5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Industrial Affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
Monika Wulf-MathiesRegional Policy23 January 199515 September 1999SanterSPDPES
Michaele SchreyerBudget16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiGreensEGP
Günter VerheugenEnlargement16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiSPDPES
Enterprise and Industry (Vice President)22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Günther OettingerEnergy (Vice President)[14]9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IICDUEPP
Digital Economy and Society1 November 20141 January 2017Juncker
Budget and Human Resources1 January 201730 November 2019
Ursula von der LeyenPresident1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenCDUEPP
GreeceGiorgos KontogeorgisTransport, Fisheries and Tourism6 January 19815 January 1985ThornNDEPP
Grigoris VarfisRegional Policy and Parliamentary Relations5 January 19855 January 1986Delors IPASOKPES
Consumer Protection5 January 19865 January 1989
Vasso PapandreouEmployment, Industrial Relations, Social Affairs, Education, Training and Youth6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IIPASOKPES
Ioannis PaleokrassasEnvironment, Nuclear Safety and Fisheries5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIINDEPP
Christos PapoutsisEnergy, SMEs and Tourism23 January 199515 September 1999SanterPASOKPES
Anna DiamantopoulouEmployment and Social Affairs16 September 199918 February 2004ProdiPASOKPES
Stavros DimasEmployment and Social Affairs10 March 200421 November 2004ProdiNDEPP
Environment22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Maria DamanakiMaritime Affairs and Fisheries9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIPASOKPES
Dimitris AvramopoulosMigration, Home Affairs and Citizenship1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerNDEPP
Margaritis SchinasPromoting Our European Way of Life (Vice President)1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenNDEPP
Culture, Education and Youth (acting)[6]10 May 202319 September 2023
Innovation and Research (acting)[6]5 September 202319 September 2023
International Partnerships (acting)[10]2 December 202328 January 2024
HungaryPéter BalázsRegional Policy1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiMSZPPES
László KovácsTaxation and Customs Union22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso IMSZPPES
László AndorEmployment, Social Affairs and Inclusion9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIMSZPPES
Consumer Protection (acting)[7]19 April 201425 May 2014
Tibor NavracsicsEducation, Culture, Youth and Sport1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerFideszEPP
Olivér VárhelyiNeighbourhood and Enlargement1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenFideszEPP
IrelandPatrick HillerySocial Affairs (Vice President)6 January 19732 December 1976OrtoliFFALDE
Richard BurkeTaxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport and Parliamentary Relations6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsFGEPP
Michael O'KennedyPersonnel and Administration6 January 19813 March 1982ThornFFALDE
Richard BurkePersonnel and Administration1 April 19825 January 1985ThornFGEPP
Peter SutherlandCompetition, Social Affairs, Education and Training5 January 19855 January 1986Delors IFGEPP
Competition and Parliamentary Relations5 January 19865 January 1989
Ray MacSharryAgriculture and Rural Development6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IIFFALDE
Pádraig FlynnSocial Affairs, Employment, Immigration, Home Affairs and Justice5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIIFFALDE
Social Affairs and Employment23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
David ByrneHealth and Consumer Protection16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiFFALDE
Charlie McCreevyInternal Market and Services22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso IFFALDE
Máire Geoghegan-QuinnResearch, Innovation and Science9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIFFALDE
Phil HoganAgriculture and Rural Development1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerFGEPP
Trade1 December 201926 August 2020Von der Leyen
Mairead McGuinnessFinancial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union12 October 2020presentVon der LeyenFGEPP
ItalyPiero MalvestitiInternal Market (Vice President)7 January 195815 September 1959Hallstein IDCEPP
Giuseppe PetrilliSocial Affairs7 January 19588 February 1961Hallstein IDCEPP
Giuseppe CaronInternal Market24 November 19599 January 1962Hallstein IDCEPP
Internal Market (Vice President)9 January 196215 May 1963Hallstein II
Lionello Levi SandriSocial Affairs8 February 19619 January 1962Hallstein IPSIPES
Social Affairs (Vice President)[15]9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
Social Affairs, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)2 July 196730 June 1970Rey
Guido Colonna di PalianoInternal Market30 July 196430 June 1967Hallstein IIDCEPP
Industrial Affairs2 July 19678 May 1970Rey
Edoardo MartinoExternal Relations2 July 196730 June 1970ReyDCEPP
Franco Maria MalfattiPresident1 July 197021 March 1972MalfattiDCEPP
Altiero SpinelliIndustry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union1 July 197021 March 1972MalfattiSIPES
Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Industry and Technology6 January 197313 July 1976Ortoli
Carlo Scarascia-MugnozzaAgriculture (Vice President)22 March 19725 January 1973MansholtDCEPP
Parliamentary Affairs, Environment, Consumer Interests, Transport and Information (Vice President)6 January 19735 January 1977Ortoli
Cesidio GuazzaroniIndustry and Technology13 July 19765 January 1977OrtoliPRIALDE
Antonio GiolittiRegional Policy6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsPSIPES
Regional Policy6 January 19815 January 1985Thorn
Lorenzo NataliEnlargement, Environment and Nuclear Safety6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsDCEPP
Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (Vice President)6 January 19815 January 1985Thorn
Cooperation, Development and Enlargement (Vice President)5 January 19855 January 1989Delors I
Carlo Ripa di MeanaInstitutional Reform, Information, Culture and Tourism5 January 19855 January 1989Delors IPSIPES
Environment and Nuclear Safety6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
Filippo Maria PandolfiScience, Research, Development, Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation (Vice President)6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IIDCEPP
Antonio RubertiScience, Research, Technological Development, Education, Training and Youth (Vice President)5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIIPSIPES
Raniero Vanni d'ArchirafiInstitutional Reform, Internal Market, Financial Services, Enterprise and SMEs5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIIDCEPP
Emma BoninoFisheries and Consumers Policy23 January 199515 September 1999SanterLBALDE
Mario MontiInternal Market, Financial Services, Customs and Taxation23 January 199515 September 1999SanterInd.ALDE
Competition16 September 199921 November 2004Prodi
Romano ProdiPresident16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiID /
DL[16]		ALDE[17]
Franco FrattiniJustice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)22 November 200423 April 2008Barroso IFIEPP
Antonio TajaniTransport (Vice President)18 June 20089 February 2010Barroso IPdLEPP
Industry and Entrepreneurship (Vice President)[13]9 February 20101 July 2014Barroso II
Ferdinando Nelli FerociIndustry and Entrepreneurship16 July 201431 October 2014Barroso IIInd.EPP
Federica MogheriniForeign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President)1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPDPES
Paolo GentiloniEconomy1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenPDPES
LatviaSandra KalnieteAgriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiLTFEPP
Andris PiebalgsEnergy22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso ILC /
LPP[18]		ALDE[19]
Development9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Financial Programming and the Budget (acting)[20]19 April 201425 May 2014
Financial Programming and the Budget (acting)[20]1 July 201416 July 2014
Valdis DombrovskisEuro and Social Dialogue (Vice President)1 November 201416 July 2016JunckerUnityEPP
Euro, Social Dialogue, Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (Vice President)16 July 20161 December 2019
An Economy That Works for People (Executive Vice President)1 December 2019presentVon der Leyen
Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union1 December 201912 October 2020
Trade[21]26 August 2020present
LithuaniaDalia GrybauskaitėEducation and Culture1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiInd.EPP
Financial Programming and the Budget22 November 20041 July 2009Barroso I
Algirdas ŠemetaFinancial Programming and the Budget1 July 20099 February 2010Barroso ITSEPP
Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Vytenis AndriukaitisHealth and Food Safety1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerSDPPES
Virginijus SinkevičiusEnvironment, Oceans and Fisheries1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenLVŽSEGP
LuxembourgMichel RasquinTransport7 January 195827 April 1958Hallstein ILSAPPES
Lambert SchausTransport18 June 19589 January 1962Hallstein ICSVEPP
Transport9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
Victor BodsonTransport2 July 196730 June 1970ReyLSAPPES
Albert BorschetteCompetition, Press, Information and Regional Policy1 July 197021 March 1972MalfattiUnknown
Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Competition, Personnel and Administration6 January 19735 January 1977Ortoli
Raymond VouelCompetition6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsLSAPPES
Gaston ThornPresident6 January 19815 January 1985ThornDPALDE
Nicolas MosarEnergy5 January 19855 January 1989Delors ICSVEPP
Jean DondelingerCultural Affairs and Information6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IIUnknown
René SteichenAgriculture and Rural Development5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIICSVEPP
Jacques SanterPresident23 January 199515 March 1999SanterCSVEPP
Viviane RedingEducation and Culture16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiCSVEPP
Information Society and Media22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (Vice President)[1]9 February 20101 July 2014Barroso II
Martine ReichertsJustice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship16 July 201431 October 2014Barroso IICSVEPP
Jean-Claude JunckerPresident1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerCSVEPP
Nicolas SchmitJobs and Social Rights1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenLSAPPES
MaltaJoe BorgDevelopment and Humanitarian Aid1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiPNEPP
Fisheries and Maritime Affairs22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
John DalliHealth and Consumer Policy9 February 201016 October 2012Barroso IIPNEPP
Tonio BorgHealth and Consumer Policy28 November 20121 July 2013Barroso IIPNEPP
Health1 July 201331 October 2014
Karmenu VellaEnvironment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPLPES
Helena DalliEquality1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenPLPES
NetherlandsSicco MansholtAgriculture (Vice President)7 January 19589 January 1962Hallstein IPvdAPES
Agriculture (Vice President)9 January 196230 June 1967Hallstein II
Agriculture (Vice President)2 July 196730 June 1970Rey
Agriculture (Vice President)1 July 197021 March 1972Malfatti
President22 March 19725 January 1973Mansholt
Maan SassenCompetition2 July 196730 June 1970ReyKVPEPP
Pierre LardinoisAgriculture6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliKVPEPP
Henk VredelingEmployment and Social Affairs (Vice President)6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsPvdAPES
Frans AndriessenParliamentary Relations and Competition6 January 19815 January 1985ThornKVPEPP
Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President)5 January 19855 January 1986Delors I
Agriculture (Vice President)5 January 19865 January 1989
External Relations and Trade (Vice President)6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
Hans van den BroekExternal Relations and Enlargement5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIICDAEPP
Central and Eastern European Relations and Enlargement23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
Frits BolkesteinInternal Market16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiVVDALDE
Neelie KroesCompetition22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso IVVDALDE
Digital Agenda (Vice President)9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Frans TimmermansBetter Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice President)1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPvdAPES
European Green Deal and Climate Action (Executive Vice President)1 December 201922 August 2023Von der Leyen
Wopke HoekstraClimate Action9 October 2023presentVon der LeyenCDAEPP
PolandDanuta HübnerTrade1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiPOEPP
Regional Policy22 November 20044 July 2009Barroso I
Paweł SameckiRegional Policy4 July 20099 February 2010Barroso IPOEPP
Janusz LewandowskiFinancial Programming and Budget[20]9 February 20101 July 2014Barroso IIPOEPP
Jacek DominikFinancial Programming and Budget16 July 201431 October 2014Barroso IIPOEPP
Elżbieta BieńkowskaInternal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPOEPP
Janusz WojciechowskiAgriculture1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenPiSECR
PortugalAntónio Cardoso e CunhaFisheries5 January 19865 January 1989Delors IPSDEPP
Personnel, Administration, Energy, Small Business and Tourism6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
João de Deus PinheiroParliamentary Relations, Communications, Information and Cultural Affairs5 January 199323 January 1995Delors IIIPSDEPP
African, Caribbean and Asian Relations and Development23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
António VitorinoJustice and Home Affairs16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiPSPES
José Manuel BarrosoPresident22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso IPSDEPP
President9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (acting)[22]19 April 201425 May 2014
Carlos MoedasResearch, Science and Innovation1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPSDEPP
Elisa FerreiraCohesion and Reforms1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenPSPES
RomaniaLeonard OrbanMultilingualism1 January 20079 February 2010Barroso IPNLALDE[23]
Dacian CioloşAgriculture and Rural Development9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIInd.EPP[24]
Corina CrețuRegional Policy[2]1 November 20141 July 2019JunckerPSD /
PRO[25]		PES /
EDP[25]
Adina-Ioana VăleanTransport1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenPNLEPP
SlovakiaJán FigeľEnterprise and Information Society1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiKDHEPP
Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism22 November 20041 January 2007Barroso I
Education, Training and Culture1 January 20071 October 2009
Maroš ŠefčovičEducation, Training and Culture1 October 20099 February 2010Barroso ISmer-SDPES
Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (Vice President)[22]9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Health and Consumer Policy (acting)[26]16 October 201228 November 2012
Energy Union (Vice President)[27]1 November 201430 November 2019Juncker
Digital Single Market (acting)[28]3 July 201930 November 2019
Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice President)1 December 2019presentVon der Leyen
European Green Deal (Executive Vice President)[29]22 August 2023present
Climate Action (acting)[29]22 August 20239 October 2023
SloveniaJanez PotočnikEnlargement1 May 200421 November 2004ProdiLDSALDE
Science and Research22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Environment9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Violeta BulcTransport1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerSMCALDE
Janez LenarčičCrisis Management1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenInd.ALDE[30]
SpainAbel MatutesCredit, Investments, Financial Instruments and SMEs5 January 19865 January 1989Delors IPPEPP
Mediterranean and Latin American Policy6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
Energy and Transport5 January 199327 April 1994Delors III
Manuel MarínSocial Affairs, Employment, Education and Training (Vice President)5 January 19865 January 1989Delors IPSOEPES
Cooperation, Development and Fisheries (Vice President)6 January 19894 January 1993Delors II
Cooperation, Development and Humanitarian Aid (Vice President)5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Mediterranean, Latin American and Middle Eastern Relations (Vice President)23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
President (acting)[31]16 March 199915 September 1999
Marcelino OrejaEnergy and Transport27 April 199423 January 1995Delors IIIPPEPP
Parliamentary Relations, Culture and Audiovisual Policy and Institutional Reform23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
Loyola de PalacioParliamentary Relations, Transport and Energy (Vice President)16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiPPEPP
Pedro SolbesEconomic and Monetary Affairs16 September 199910 April 2004ProdiPSOEPES
Joaquín AlmuniaEconomic and Monetary Affairs24 April 200421 November 2004ProdiPSOEPES
Economic and Financial Affairs22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Competition (Vice President)9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Miguel Arias CañeteClimate Action and Energy1 November 201430 November 2019JunckerPPEPP
Energy Union (acting)[27]18 January 201930 March 2019
Josep BorrellA Stronger Europe in the World and Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President)1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenPSOEPES
SwedenAnita GradinImmigration, Justice, Home Affairs and Financial Control23 January 199515 September 1999SanterSAPPES
Margot WallströmEnvironment16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiSAPPES
Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice President)22 November 20049 February 2010Barroso I
Cecilia MalmströmHome Affairs9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso IIFPALDE
Trade1 November 201430 November 2019Juncker
Ylva JohanssonHome Affairs1 December 2019presentVon der LeyenSAPPES
United KingdomChristopher SoamesExternal Relations (Vice President)6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliCon.EPP
George ThomsonRegional Policy6 January 19735 January 1977OrtoliLab.PES
Roy JenkinsPresident6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsLab.PES
Christopher TugendhatBudget, Financial Control and Financial Institutions6 January 19776 January 1981JenkinsCon.EPP
Budget, Financial Control, Financial Institutions, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)6 January 19815 January 1985Thorn
Ivor RichardEmployment, Social Affairs, Education and Training6 January 19815 January 1985ThornLab.PES
Arthur CockfieldInternal Market, Customs Union and Taxation (Vice President)5 January 19855 January 1989Delors ICon.EPP
Stanley Clinton-DavisEnvironment, Consumer Protection, Nuclear Safety and Transport5 January 19855 January 1986Delors ILab.PES
Environment, Nuclear Safety and Transport5 January 19865 January 1989
Bruce MillanRegional Policy6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IILab.PES
Regional Policy5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
Leon BrittanCompetition and Financial Institutions (Vice President)6 January 19894 January 1993Delors IICon.EPP
Trade (Vice President)5 January 199323 January 1995Delors III
External Relations and Trade (Vice President)23 January 199515 September 1999Santer
Neil KinnockTransport23 January 199515 September 1999SanterLab.PES
Administrative Reform (Vice President)16 September 199921 November 2004Prodi
Chris PattenExternal Relations16 September 199921 November 2004ProdiCon.EPP
Peter MandelsonTrade22 November 20043 October 2008Barroso ILab.PES
Catherine AshtonTrade24 October 20081 December 2009Barroso ILab.PES
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy1 December 20099 February 2010
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (First Vice President)9 February 201031 October 2014Barroso II
Jonathan HillFinancial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union1 November 201416 July 2016JunckerCon.ECR[32]
Julian KingSecurity Union19 September 201630 November 2019JunckerCon.ECR

Withdrawn nominees edit

A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's accession referendum.

StateNamePortfolioCommissionPartyFamily
NorwayThorvald StoltenbergFisheriesSanterAPPES
Czech RepublicMiloš KužvartHealth and Consumer ProtectionBarroso IČSSDPES
ItalyRocco ButtiglioneJustice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)Barroso IUDCEPP
LatviaIngrīda ŪdreTaxation and Customs UnionBarroso ILZSEGP
BulgariaRumiana JelevaInternational Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis ResponseBarroso IIGERBEPP
SloveniaAlenka BratušekEnergy Union (Vice President)JunckerZaABALDE

Juncker/Von der Leyen edit

The transition from the Juncker Commission to the Von der Leyen Commission resulted in a higher number of withdrawals and rejections than any previous transition. This included an agreement to not fill the seats of Juncker commissioners who took seats in the European Parliament, some states abiding by Von der Leyen's request to name female and male candidates in order to have a gender parity (with only one candidate able to be formally nominated), the rejection of several nominees by the European Parliament due to ethical concerns, and some those named to replace the rejected candidates being denied nomination by Von der Leyen. She continued her request for female and male candidates for vacancies throughout her commission.

StateNamePortfolioCommissionPartyFamily
EstoniaKadri Simson[33]JunckerEKALDE
RomaniaIoan Mircea Pașcu[34]JunckerPSDPES
FranceSylvie Goulard[35]Internal MarketVon der LeyenLREMALDE
HungaryLászló Trócsányi[36]Neighbourhood and EnlargementVon der LeyenFideszEPP
PolandKrzysztof Szczerski[37]Von der LeyenPiSECR
PortugalPedro Marques[38]Von der LeyenPSPES
RomaniaRovana Plumb[39]TransportVon der LeyenPSDPES
RomaniaDan Nica[40]Von der LeyenPSDPES
RomaniaMelania-Gabriela Ciot[41]Von der LeyenPSDPES
RomaniaVictor Negrescu[42]Von der LeyenPSDPES
RomaniaSiegfried Mureșan[43]Von der LeyenPNLEPP
IrelandAndrew McDowell[44]Von der LeyenFGEPP
BulgariaDaniel Lorer[45]Von der LeyenPPALDE

European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) edit

StateNamePortfolioStartEndCommissionPartyFamily
FranceLouis ArmandPresident7 January 19582 February 1959ArmandUnknown
Étienne HirschPresident2 February 195910 January 1962HirschUnknown
Pierre ChatenetPresident10 January 19625 July 1967ChatenetUDREPP

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) edit

StateNamePortfolioStartEndAuthorityPartyFamily
BelgiumAlbert CoppéLong Term Policy (Vice President)10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetCVPEPP
General Objectives, Long Term Policy, Markets, Agreements and Transport (Vice President)3 June 195513 January 1958Mayer
General Objectives and Long Term Policy (Vice President)13 January 195815 September 1959Finet
Member (Vice President)15 September 195922 October 1963Malvestiti
Transport and Information (Vice President)22 October 19635 July 1967Del Bo / Coppé
President (acting)1 March 19675 July 1967
Paul FinetSocial Problems and Administrative Questions10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetBSPPES
Social Problems3 June 195513 January 1958Mayer
President13 January 195815 September 1959Finet
Member15 September 195922 October 1963Malvestiti
Social Problems10 January 196418 May 1965Del Bo
FranceJean MonnetPresident10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetUnknown
Léon DaumFinance, Investment, Production and Instructions10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetUnknown
Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions3 June 195513 January 1958Mayer
Investment and Production13 January 195815 September 1959Finet
René MayerPresident3 June 195513 January 1958MayerPREPP
Roger ReynaudMember13 January 195815 September 1959FinetUnknown
Member15 September 1959September 1963Malvestiti
Economic Policy and Industrial Development10 January 19645 July 1967Del Bo / Coppé
Pierre-Olivier LapieMember15 September 195922 October 1963MalvestitiSFIOPES
Energy22 October 19635 July 1967Del Bo / Coppé
GermanyHeinz PotthofMember10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetSPDPES
Franz EtzelMarkets, Agreements and Transport (First Vice President)10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetCDUEPP
Member (First Vice President)3 June 195528 October 1957Mayer
Franz BlücherMember13 January 195815 September 1959FinetFDPALDE
Heinz PotthoffFinance, Budget and Administration13 January 195815 September 1959FinetSPDPES
Finance and Investment15 September 195910 August 1962Malvestiti
Karl-Maria HettlageFinance and Investment14 December 196222 October 1963MalvestitiCDUEPP
Finance and Investment22 October 19635 July 1967Del Bo / Coppé
Fritz HellwigCoal and Steel Markets10 January 19645 July 1967Del Bo / CoppéCDUEPP
ItalyEnzo GiaccheroPress and Information10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetDCEPP
Press and Information3 June 195513 January 1958Mayer
Social Problems13 January 195815 September 1959Finet
Piero MalvestitiPresident15 September 195922 October 1963MalvestitiDCEPP
Rinaldo Del BoPresident22 October 19631 March 1967Del BoDCEPP
LuxembourgAlbert WehrerMember10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetUnknown
Member3 June 195513 January 1958Mayer
External Relations13 January 195815 September 1959Finet
Member15 September 195922 October 1963Malvestiti
External Relations22 October 19635 July 1967Del Bo / Coppé
Jean FohrmannSocial Problems30 June 19655 July 1967Del Bo / CoppéLSAPPES
NetherlandsDirk SpierenburgExternal Relations10 August 19523 June 1955MonnetUnknown
External Relations3 June 195513 January 1958Mayer
Steel, Transport and Concentrations (First Vice President)13 January 195815 September 1959Finet
Member (First Vice President)15 September 195925 September 1962Malvestiti
Competition (First Vice President)22 October 19637 June 1965Del Bo
Johannes Linthorst HomanMember (First Vice President)15 December 196222 October 1963MalvestitiVVDALDE
Competition22 October 19635 July 1967Del Bo / Coppé

Notes and references edit

  1. ^ a b c Viviane Reding was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Johannes Hahn served as Acting Commissioner during her leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  2. ^ a b Corina Crețu resigned on 1 July 2019 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Johannes Hahn served as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Juncker Commission.
  3. ^ a b Didier Reynders is on leave from 15 April 2024 – present while being considered for Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Věra Jourová serves as Acting Commissioner.
  4. ^ a b c d Margrethe Vestager was on leave from 5 September 2023 – 8 December 2023 while being considered for President of the European Investment Bank. Věra Jourová served as Acting Commissioner for A Europe Fit for the Digital Age and Didier Reynders served as Acting Commissioner for Competition.
  5. ^ Kuneva, now affiliated to the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during the Barroso I Commission.
  6. ^ a b c d Mariya Gabriel was on leave from 10 May 2023 – 15 May 2023 to participate in the government formation following the 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election, and then resigned on 15 May 2023 to serve as Minister for Foreign Affairs. Initially, Margrethe Vestager served as Acting Commissioner for Innovation and Research and Margaritis Schinas served as Acting Commissioner for Culture, Education and Youth. When Vestager began her own leave on 5 September 2023, Schinas took over the whole portfolio until Iliana Ivanova took office.
  7. ^ a b Neven Mimica was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election. László Andor served as Acting Commissioner.
  8. ^ a b c Olli Rehn was on leave from 7 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Siim Kallas served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  9. ^ Kristalina Georgieva resigned on 1 January 2017 to serve as Chief Executive of the World Bank Group. Günther Oettinger assumed her portfolio for Budget and Human Resources, while Ansip served as Acting Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society (Oettinger's original portfolio) until Mariya Gabriel took office.
  10. ^ a b Jutta Urpilainen was on leave from 2 December 2023 – 28 January 2024 to campaign in the 2024 Finnish presidential election. Margaritis Schinas served as Acting Commissioner.
  11. ^ Ortoli was a party member of the UDR until 5 December 1976, after which he served as a member of the RPR.
  12. ^ Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
  13. ^ a b c Antonio Tajani was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Michel Barnier served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  14. ^ Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
  15. ^ Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.
  16. ^ Prodi was a party member of ID until 23 March 2002, after which she served as a member of DL.
  17. ^ Prodi, now affiliated to the socialist grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during the Prodi Commission.
  18. ^ Piebalgs was a party member of the LC until 25 August 2007, after which she served as a member of the LPP.
  19. ^ Piebalgs, now a member of the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Barroso Commission.
  20. ^ a b c Janusz Lewandowski was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Andris Piebalgs served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
  21. ^ Phil Hogan resigned on 26 August 2020. Dombrovskis served as Acting Commissioner until he was confirmed by the European Parliament on 12 October 2020.
  22. ^ a b Maroš Šefčovič was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election. José Manuel Barroso served as Acting Commissioner.
  23. ^ The PNL party, now affiliated with the conservatives, was affiliated to the liberals during the Barroso I Commission.
  24. ^ Cioloş, now affiliated to the liberal grouping, was affiliated to the European conservatives while remaining nationally unaffiliated during the Barroso II Commission.
  25. ^ a b Crețu was a party member of the PSD (affiliated to the PES) until 17 January 2019, after which she served as a member of PRO (which has since also affiliated to the PES, but was then affiliated to the EDP–whose members mostly sit with the liberals in the European Parliament–but PRO members continued to sit with the socialists for the remainder of the Juncker Commission).
  26. ^ John Dalli resigned on 16 October 2012 and Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner until Tonio Borg took office.
  27. ^ a b Maroš Šefčovič was on leave from 18 January 2019 – 30 March 2019 to campaign in the 2019 Slovak presidential election. Miguel Arias Cañete served as Acting Commissioner.
  28. ^ Andrus Ansip resigned on 1 July 2019 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament and Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Juncker Commission.
  29. ^ a b Frans Timmermans resigned on 22 August 2023 to campaign in the 2023 Dutch general election. Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner of the European Green Deal and was confirmed by the European Parliament its with Executive Vice President rank on 5 October 2023. He also served as Acting Commissioner for Climate Action until Wopke Hoekstra took office.
  30. ^ Lenarčič is affiliated to the liberals, while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Von der Leyen Commission.
  31. ^ Jacques Santer resigned on 16 March 1999 and Marín served as Acting President until Romano Prodi took office.
  32. ^ The UK Conservative Party had previously been part of the EPP and joined the ECR on 1 October 2009.
  33. ^ Simson was nominated to complete the term of Andrus Ansip, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began. Simson was then nominated and confirmed for a full term.
  34. ^ Pașcu was nominated to complete the term of Corina Crețu, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began.
  35. ^ Goulard was nominated to a portfolio that was to also include Industrial Policy, the Digital Single Market and a new Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space. However, she was rejected by the European Parliament.
  36. ^ Trócsányi was rejected by the European Parliament.
  37. ^ Szczerski was initially named by the Polish government, however after Von der Leyen indicated she preferred Poland take the Agriculture portfolio, he withdrew to allow another candidate, Janusz Wojciechowski, with more expertise to be formally nominated.
  38. ^ Marques was initially named by the Portuguese government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Elisa Ferreira, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. Ferreira went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and approved by the European Parliament.
  39. ^ Plumb was initially named by the Romanian government as the female candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Dan Nica, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. She was formally nominated by Von der Leyen but rejected by the European Parliament.
  40. ^ Nica was initially named by the Romanian government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Rovana Plumb, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. After Plumb went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and subsequently rejected by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Nica the male candidate, alongside Melania-Gabriela Ciot, with him as the leading candidate. However, he was denied by Von der Leyen.
  41. ^ After Plumb's rejection by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Ciot the female candidate, alongside Dan Nica, with her as the reserve candidate. However, she was denied by Von der Leyen.
  42. ^ After Nica and Ciot were denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government named Negrescu. However, he was also denied by Von der Leyen.
  43. ^ After Negrescu was denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government lost parliament's confidence and Mureșan was named by the new government alongside Adina-Ioana Vălean. Vălean went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen.
  44. ^ After Phil Hogan left the Von der Leyen Commission, McDowell was initially named by the Irish government as the male candidate, alongside Mairead McGuinness as the female candidate. McGuinness went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
  45. ^ After Mariya Gabriel left the Von der Leyen Commission, Lorer was initially named by the Bulgarian government as the announced male candidate, alongside Iliana Ivanova as the female candidate. Ivanova went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
Retrieved from "https:https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/index.php?lang=en&q=List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality&oldid=1226558815"
🔥 Top keywords: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te ShqiperiseAlexandria Ocasio-CortezBilderberg GroupCristiano RonaldoDong XiaowanMinecraftOperation GladioPrimal cutRiot FestStrictly Come Dancing (series 7)Main PageSpecial:SearchDonald TrumpWikipedia:Featured picturesLuka DončićCleopatraProsecution of Donald Trump in New YorkDeaths in 2024Kyrie IrvingStormy DanielsDrew Gordon2024 South African general electionYouTube2024 Indian general electionJuan MerchanFuriosa: A Mad Max SagaProject 2025EminemInughuit2024 ICC Men's T20 World CupKepler's Supernova.xxxMichael FinleyStormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandalJason KiddDallas MavericksEric (miniseries)Neatsville, KentuckyThe First OmenCivil War (film)Todd BlancheAlesha DixonPortal:Current eventsXXX (2002 film)Michael Cohen (lawyer)List of digital camera brandsBiggest ball of twine2024 United States presidential electionList of NBA champions