Ivan Susanin class, also known by its Soviet designation Project 97P (Russian: 97П), is a series of icebreaking patrol ships built for the Soviet Navy and Soviet Border Troops, and today operated by the Russian Navy and Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB.
 | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Builders | Admiralty Shipyard, Leningrad |
| Operators | |
| Preceded by | Project 52K |
| Succeeded by | |
| Built | 1972–1981 |
| In commission | 1972–present |
| Completed | 8 |
| Active | 4 |
| Scrapped | 4 |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Type | Icebreaking patrol ship |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 70 m (230 ft) |
| Beam | 18.1 m (59 ft) |
| Draught | 6.5 m (21 ft) |
| Installed power | 3 × 13D100 (3 × 1,800 hp) |
| Propulsion | Diesel–electric; two shafts (2 × 2,400 hp) |
| Speed | 15.4 knots (28.5 km/h; 17.7 mph) |
| Range |
|
| Endurance | 50 days |
| Complement |
|
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Armament | |
| Aviation facilities | Helideck for Kamov Ka-25 or Ka-27 |
As of 2024[update], four Ivan Susanin-class patrol ships remain in service: Ivan Susanin with the Pacific Fleet[2] and Ruslan with the Northern Fleet,[3] both with their armaments removed,[4] and Neva and Volga with the Border Service of the FSB.[5][6]
Background edit
In the mid-1950s, the Soviet Union began developing a new diesel-electric icebreaker design based on the 1942-built steam-powered icebreaker Eisbär to meet the needs of both civilian and naval operators. Built in various configurations until the early 1980s, the Project 97 icebreakers and their derivatives became the largest and longest-running class of icebreakers and icebreaking vessels built in the world.[1]
Project 97P (Russian: 97П) was developed as a response to the renewed interest of the Soviet Navy and Soviet Border Troops on icebreaking patrol ships after United States Coast Guard and Canadian Coast Guard icebreakers began appearing more frequently near the country's northern maritime borders. New icebreaking patrol ships were needed because existing Soviet naval vessels could not operate in ice-covered waters and large icebreakers, in addition to being unarmed and operated by civilians, could not be distracted from their primary mission of escorting merchant ships. Central Design Bureau "Iceberg" selected the existing Project 97 as the design basis following positive operational experience and the difficulties associated with developing a new design.[4]
Design edit
At 70 metres (230 ft) long overall and with a beam of 18.1 metres (59 ft), Ivan Susanin-class patrol ships are slightly larger than the icebreakers on which they are based. Fully laden, the vessels draw 6.5 metres (21.3 ft) of water and have a full load displacement of 3,710 tonnes (3,650 long tons). The hull, derived from an older Swedish-built icebreaker, features a round midship with a pronounced tumblehome and practically no flat bottom or sides; this makes the ships uncomfortable to the crew in heavy seas despite having two roll damping tanks. The enlarged deckhouse is built of aluminum-magnesium alloy to reduce weight and provides accommodation for a complement of 10 officers and 113 crew.[1]
Ivan Susanin-class patrol ships share the same diesel-electric power plant with the other Project 97 variants. Their 1,800-horsepower (1,300 kW) 10-cylinder 13D100 two-stroke opposed-piston main diesel engines are in fact reverse-engineered Fairbanks Morse 38 8-1/8 diesel engines manufactured by the Malyshev Factory in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The engines are coupled to double-armature DC generators (2 × 625 kWe) that provide power to 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) DC propulsion motors driving two 3.5-metre (11 ft) four-bladed fixed pitch propellers in the stern. While the patrol ships were not fitted with a third propeller in the bow like the icebreakers they were based on as it was seen prone to damage in Arctic ice conditions, they can still break up to 70 centimetres (28 in) thick ice. In addition, the ships have five 6Ch2B/34 ship service diesel generators.[1]
All Ivan Susanin-class patrol ships were initially armed with a twin 76 mm AK-726 deck gun and two 30 mm AK-630 close-in weapon systems, but the armament was later removed from the ships operated by the navy. Unlike the icebreakers, they are fitted with helideck over the aft deck for Kamov Ka-25 or Ka-27 helicopters.[4]
Ships in class edit
| Name(s) | Namesake(s) | IMO number | Yard number | Laid down | Launched | Completed | In service | Status or fate | Image | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ivan Susanin (Russian: Иван Сусанин) | Ivan Susanin | 02650 | 31 July 1972 | 28 February 1973 | 30 December 1973 | 1973–present | In service | .jpg) | [2] | |
| Aysberg (Russian: Айсберг) | Russian for "iceberg" | 02651 | 17 October 1973 | 27 April 1974 | 25 December 1974 | 1974–2006 | Broken up | [7] | ||
| Ruslan (Russian: Руслан) | Ruslan | 02652 | 26 December 1973 | 28 May 1974 | 26 September 1975 | 1975–present | In service | [3] | ||
| Anadyr (Russian: Анадырь; 1992–2015) Imeni XXV syezda KPSS (Russian: Имени XXV съезда КПСС; 1976–1992) Dnepr (Russian: Днепр; 1976) | Anadyr 25th Congress of the CPSU Dnepr River | 02653 | 16 July 1975 | 14 February 1976 | 30 September 1976 | 1976–2015 | Broken up | .jpg) | [8] | |
| Dunay (Russian: Дунай) | Danube River | 02654 | 24 December 1976 | 5 August 1977 | 31 December 1977 | 1977–2017 | Broken up | [9] | ||
| Neva (Russian: Нева) | Neva River | 02655 | 23 November 1977 | 28 July 1978 | 27 December 1978 | 1978–present | In service |  | [5] | |
| Volga (Russian: Волга) | Volga River | 8640246 | 02656 | 27 February 1979 | 19 April 1980 | 26 December 1980 | 1980–present | In service |  | [6][10] |
| Murmansk (Russian: Мурманск; 1996–2013) Irtysh (Russian: Иртыш; 1992–1996) Imeni XXVI syezda KPSS (Russian: Имени XXVI съезда КПСС; 1981–1992) | Murmansk Irtysh River 26th Congress of the CPSU | 02657 | 22 April 1980 | 3 July 1981 | 25 December 1981 | 1981–2013 | Broken up | [11] |
References edit
- ^ a b c d Kuznetsov 2009.
- ^ a b "Иван Сусанин". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019.
- ^ a b "Руслан". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019.
- ^ a b c Kuznetsov 2009, pp. 22–29.
- ^ a b "Нева". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019.
- ^ a b "Волга". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019.
- ^ "Айсберг". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018.
- ^ "Анадырь". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018.
- ^ "Дунай". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018.
- ^ "Volga (8640246)". Sea-web. S&P Global. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ "Мурманск". FleetPhoto. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019.
Further reading edit
- Kuznetsov, Nikita Anatolyevich (2009), "От «Добрыни Никитича» до «Отто Шмидта»: Ледоколы проекта 97 и их модификации", Морская коллекция (in Russian), no. 8 (119), Moscow: Моделист-конструктор
- Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. London: Conway Maritime. ISBN 0-85177-605-1. OCLC 34284130. Also published as Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. OCLC 34267261.
External links edit
- "Icebreakers - Project 97". Russianships.info. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- (in Russian) Warships.ru.
- (in English) Hazegray.org.