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Hawaii's 2nd congressional district

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is represented by Jill Tokuda, who succeeded Kai Kahele after the 2022 election. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, as well as the entire state outside of Oahu. It includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao, and Hawaii ("the Big Island"). The district spans 331 miles. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching, and agriculture.

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Map
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
 Jill Tokuda
D–Kāneʻohe
Distribution
  • 83.65% urban
  • 16.35% rural
Population (2022)722,458[1]
Median household
income		$89,314[2]
Ethnicity
Cook PVID+14[3]

Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the district itself. The first non-resident elected to this seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though he was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the second congressional district is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.

History

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When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large representative to Congress pending the next United States census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. census, Hawaii gained a second U.S. representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U.S. representatives at large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962, and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. representatives on January 2, 1963, upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 2nd congressional district was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large representatives statewide.

The 2nd congressional district has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+14. It has supported the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since 1988, and has never elected a Republican U.S. representative. In October 2019, Representative Tulsi Gabbard announced that she would not seek reelection, instead choosing to focus on her campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination.

In January 2019, Hawaii state senator Kai Kahele announced he would run for the seat in 2020.[4] Other Democrats who announced were David Cornejo, Brian Evans (a self-described "Berniecrat" who ran for the seat as a Republican in 2018), Noelle Famera, and Ryan Meza. Republicans Joseph Akana and Jonathan Hoomanawanui also announced. Kahele won the Democratic nomination on August 8 and the general election on November 3.

Recent results from statewide races

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Presidential Election Results since 2000
YearResult[5]
2000Al Gore (D) 56% – George W. Bush (R) 36%
2004John Kerry (D) 56% – George W. Bush (R) 44%
2008Barack Obama (D) 73% – John McCain (R) 25%
2012Barack Obama (D) 71% – Mitt Romney (R) 27%
2016Hillary Clinton (D) 61% – Donald Trump (R) 30%
2020Joe Biden (D) 64% – Donald Trump (R) 34%

List of members representing the district

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MemberPartyYearsCong
ress		Electoral historyDistrict map
District created January 3, 1971

Patsy Mink
(Waipahu)		DemocraticJanuary 3, 1971 —
January 3, 1977		92nd
93rd
94th		Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Daniel Akaka
(Honolulu)		DemocraticJanuary 3, 1977 —
May 15, 1990		95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st		Elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Resigned when appointed U.S. senator.
VacantMay 15, 1990 —
September 22, 1990		101st

Patsy Mink
(Waipahu)		DemocraticSeptember 22, 1990 —
September 28, 2002		101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th		Elected to finish Akaka's term.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Died.
Re-elected posthumously in 2002.
VacantSeptember 28, 2002 —
November 30, 2002		107th

Ed Case
(Honolulu)		DemocraticNovember 30, 2002 —
January 3, 2003		Elected to finish Mink's term in the 107th Congress.
Had not been a candidate for the next term.
VacantJanuary 3, 2003 —
January 4, 2003		108th2003–2013

Ed Case
(Honolulu)		DemocraticJanuary 4, 2003 —
January 3, 2007		108th
109th		Elected to finish Mink's term in the 108th Congress.
Re-elected in 2004.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Mazie Hirono
(Honolulu)		DemocraticJanuary 3, 2007 —
January 3, 2013		110th
111th
112th		Elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.

Tulsi Gabbard
(Honolulu)		DemocraticJanuary 3, 2013 —
January 3, 2021		113th
114th
115th
116th		Elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Retired to run for U.S. president.		2013–2023

Kai Kahele
(Hilo)		DemocraticJanuary 3, 2021 —
January 3, 2023		117thElected in 2020.
Retired to run for Governor of Hawaii.

Jill Tokuda
(Kāne'ohe)		DemocraticJanuary 3, 2023 —
present		118thElected in 2022.2023–present

Election results

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1970

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1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[6]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 91,038 100.00%
Total votes91,038 100.0%
Democratic win (new seat)

1972

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1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[7]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 79,856 57.08%
RepublicanDiana Hansen-Young60,04342.92%
Total votes139,899 100.0%
Democratic hold

1974

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1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 86,916 62.58%
RepublicanCarla W. Coray51,98437.42%
Total votes138,900 100.0%
Democratic hold

1976

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1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[9]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka 124,116 79.51%
RepublicanHank Inouye23,91715.32%
Independents for Godly GovernmentBill Penaroza3,4612.22%
People's PartyDexter Cate2,4081.54%
LibertarianDon Smith2,1971.41%
Total votes156,099 100.0%
Democratic hold

1978

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1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[10]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka (Incumbent) 118,272 85.73%
RepublicanCharlie Isaak15,69711.38%
LibertarianAmelia L. Fritts3,9882.89%
Total votes137,957 100.0%
Democratic hold

1980

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1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[11]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka (Incumbent) 141,477 89.90%
LibertarianDon Smith15,90310.10%
Total votes157,380 100.0%
Democratic hold

1982

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1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[12]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka (Incumbent) 132,072 89.23%
Nonpartisan candidateGregory B. Mills9,0806.14%
LibertarianAmelia L. Fritts6,8564.63%
Total votes148,008 100.0%
Democratic hold

1984

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1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[13]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka (Incumbent) 112,377 82.18%
RepublicanA.D. (Al) Shipley20,00014.63%
LibertarianAmelia L. Fritts4,3643.19%
Total votes136,741 100.0%
Democratic hold

1986

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1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[14]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka (Incumbent) 123,830 76.05%
RepublicanMaria M. Hustace35,37121.73%
LibertarianKen Schoolland3,6182.22%
Total votes162,819 100.0%
Democratic hold

1988

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1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[15]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDaniel Akaka (Incumbent) 144,802 88.94%
LibertarianLloyd Jeffrey Mallan18,00611.06%
Total votes162,808 100.0%
Democratic hold

1990 (Special)

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1990 Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink 51,841 37.35%
DemocraticMufi Hannemann50,16436.14%
DemocraticRon Menor23,62917.02%
RepublicanAndy Poepoe8,8726.39%
RepublicanStanley Monsef2,2641.63%
DemocraticDuane A. Black1,2420.90%
LibertarianLloyd Jeffrey Mallan7910.57%
Total votes138,803 100.0%
Democratic hold

1990

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1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[17]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 118,155 66.27%
RepublicanAndy Poepoe54,62530.64%
LibertarianLloyd Jeffrey Mallan5,5083.09%
Total votes178,288 100.0%
Democratic hold

1992

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1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 131,454 72.65%
RepublicanKamuela Price40,07022.14%
LibertarianLloyd Jeffrey Mallan9,4315.21%
Total votes180,955 100.0%
Democratic hold

1994

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1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[19]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 124,431 70.14%
RepublicanRobert H. (Lopaka) Garner42,89124.18%
LibertarianLarry Bartley10,0745.68%
Total votes177,396 100.0%
Democratic hold

1996

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1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[20]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 109,178 60.33%
RepublicanTom Pico Jr.55,72930.80%
Nonpartisan candidateNolan Crabbe7,7234.27%
LibertarianJames M. Keefe4,7692.64%
Natural LawAmanda (Mandy) Toulon3,5641.97%
Total votes180,963 100.0%
Democratic hold

1998

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1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[21]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 144,254 69.40%
RepublicanCarol J. Douglass50,42324.25%
LibertarianNoreen Leilehua Chun13,1946.35%
Total votes207,871 100.0%
Democratic hold

2000

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2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[22]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) 112,856 61.59%
RepublicanRuss Francis65,90635.97%
LibertarianLawrence G.K. Duquesne4,4682.44%
Total votes183,230 100.0%
Democratic hold

2002

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2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[23]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPatsy Mink (Incumbent) † 100,671 56.16%
RepublicanBob McDermott71,66139.98%
LibertarianLloyd Jeffrey Mallan4,7192.63%
Natural LawNick Bedworth2,2001.23%
Total votes179,251 100.0%
Democratic hold

2002 (Special)

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Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, November 30, 2002[24]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticEd Case 23,576 51.44%
DemocraticJohn Mink16,62436.27%
RepublicanJohn Carroll1,9334.22%
RepublicanWhitney Anderson9422.06%
No party34 others2,7545.96%
Total votes46,216 100.0%
Democratic hold

2003 (Special)

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Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, January 4, 2003[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticEd Case (Incumbent) 33,002 43.24%
DemocraticMatt Matsunaga23,05030.20%
DemocraticColleen Hanabusa6,0467.92%
RepublicanBarbara Marumoto4,4975.89%
RepublicanBob McDermott4,2985.63%
No party39 others5,4357.12%
Total votes76,328 100.0%
Democratic hold

2004

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2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticEd Case (Incumbent) 133,317 62.77%
RepublicanMike Gabbard79,07237.23%
Total votes212,389 100.0%
Democratic hold

2006

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2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticMazie Hirono 106,906 61.04%
RepublicanBob Hogue68,24438.96%
Total votes175,150 100.0%
Democratic hold

2008

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2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticMazie Hirono (Incumbent) 165,748 76.06%
RepublicanRoger B. Evans44,42520.39%
IndependentShaun Stenshol4,0421.86%
LibertarianLloyd Jeffrey Mallan3,6991.70%
Total votes217,914 100.0%
Democratic hold

2010

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2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[29]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticMazie Hirono (Incumbent) 132,290 72.19%
RepublicanJohn W. Willoughby46,40425.32%
LibertarianPat Brock3,2541.78%
Nonpartisan candidateAndrew V. Von Sonn1,3100.72%
Total votes183,258 100.0%
Democratic hold

2012

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2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[30]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticTulsi Gabbard 168,466 80.54%
RepublicanKawika Crowley40,69719.45%
Blank Votes5,631N/A
Over Votes73N/A
Total votes214,867 100%
Democratic hold

2014

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2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[31]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticTulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) 142,010 78.7%
RepublicanKawika Crowley33,63018.6%
LibertarianJoe Kent4,6932.6%
Total votes180,333 100%
Democratic hold

2016

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2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[32]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticTulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) 170,848 76.23%
RepublicanAngela Aulani Kaaihue39,66817.70%
Blank votes13,4836.02%
Over votes1340.05%
Total votes224,133 100%
Democratic hold

2018

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2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii[33]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticTulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) 153,271 77.4%
RepublicanBrian Evans44,85022.6%
Total votes198,121 100.0%
Democratic hold

2020

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2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticKai Kahele 172,517 63.0% 14.4
RepublicanJoe Akana84,02730.9% 8.3
LibertarianMichelle Rose Tippens6,7852.5% 2.5
Aloha ʻĀinaJonathan Hoomanawanui6,4532.4% 2.4
IndependentRon Burrus2,6591.0% 1.0
American ShoppingJohn Giuffre6610.2% 0.2
Total votes273,112 100.0% N/A
Democratic hold

2022

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2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJill Tokuda 127,995 62.3
RepublicanJoe Akana72,45535.2
LibertarianMichelle Tippens5,1082.5
Total votes205,558 100.0
Democratic hold

Historical district boundaries

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2003–2013
2013–2023

See also

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References

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  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
  1. ^ "United States Census". Retrieved October 5, 2023.
  2. ^ "My Congressional District". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
  3. ^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  4. ^ Cocke, Sophie (November 18, 2019). "Former Kauai Mayor Bernard Carvalho endorses Kai Kahele for Congress". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
  5. ^ Hawaii Office of Elections: Election results separated by year. Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Accessed February 11, 2015.
  6. ^ 1970 Election Results
  7. ^ 1972 Election Results
  8. ^ 1974 Election Results
  9. ^ 1976 Election Results
  10. ^ 1978 Election Results
  11. ^ 1980 Election Results
  12. ^ 1982 Election Results
  13. ^ 1984 Election Results
  14. ^ 1986 Election Results
  15. ^ 1988 Election Results
  16. ^ 1990 Special Election Results
  17. ^ 1990 Election Results
  18. ^ 1992 Election Results
  19. ^ 1994 Election Results
  20. ^ 1996 Election Results
  21. ^ 1998 Election Results
  22. ^ 2000 Election Results
  23. ^ 2002 Election Results
  24. ^ 2002 Special Election Results
  25. ^ 2003 Special Election Results
  26. ^ 2004 Election Results
  27. ^ 2006 Election Results
  28. ^ 2008 Election Results
  29. ^ 2010 Election Results
  30. ^ 2012 Election Results
  31. ^ "Hawaii General Election 2014" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  32. ^ "PRIMARY ELECTION 2016 – State of Hawaii – Statewide". State of Hawaii Office of Elections. August 16, 2016. p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  33. ^ "Statewide Summary" (PDF). Office of Elections. State of Hawaii. Retrieved November 20, 2018.

19°48′35″N 155°30′22″W / 19.80972°N 155.50611°W / 19.80972; -155.50611

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