HMCS Wetaskiwin was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Canadian Navy that served during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named after the city of Wetaskiwin, Alberta. Wetaskiwin was the first Pacific coast built corvette to enter service with the Royal Canadian Navy.[4]
 HMCS Wetaskiwin, circa 1943-1944. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Canada | |
| Name | Wetaskiwin |
| Namesake | Wetaskiwin, Alberta |
| Ordered | 14 February 1940 |
| Builder | Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver |
| Laid down | 11 April 1940 |
| Launched | 18 July 1940 |
| Commissioned | 17 December 1940 |
| Identification | Pennant number: K175 |
| Honours and awards | Atlantic 1941-45;[1] Gulf of St. Lawrence 1944[2] |
| Fate | Sold to Venezuelan Navy as ARV Victoria |
 Venezuela | |
| Name | Victoria |
| Acquired | purchased from Royal Canadian Navy |
| Commissioned | 1946 |
| Out of service | 1962 |
| Fate | Scrapped 1962 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Flower-class corvette (original)[3] |
| Displacement | 925 long tons (940 t; 1,036 short tons) |
| Length | 205 ft (62.48 m)o/a |
| Beam | 33 ft (10.06 m) |
| Draught | 11.5 ft (3.51 m) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 16 knots (29.6 km/h) |
| Range | 3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h) |
| Complement | 85 |
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Armament |
|
Background edit
Flower-class corvettes like Wetaskiwin serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[5][6][7] The "corvette" designation was created by the French for classes of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[8] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.[9] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[10]
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.[11]
Construction edit
Originally named Banff for Banff, Alberta, she was ordered 14 February 1940 as part of the 1939-1940 Flower-class building program.[11] She was laid down by Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd. in North Vancouver on 11 April 1940 and launched on 18 July 1940.[2][12] Before commissioning her name was changed due to a name conflict with a Royal Navy vessel and she was commissioned as Wetaskiwin on 17 December 1940 at Esquimalt, British Columbia.[4][11]
During her career, Wetaskiwin had three significant refits. The first began in February 1942 at Liverpool, Nova Scotia. The second began in mid-January 1943 and was completed in March at Liverpool. Further repairs were needed at Halifax after the refit was completed. In December 1943, Wetaskiwin was sent to Galveston, Texas to refit. This refit took until 6 March 1944 during which her fo'c'sle was extended. It was to be her final major refit of the war.[4][12]
War duty edit
After working up in the Pacific, Wetaskiwin was transferred to the Atlantic Ocean in March 1941. She arrived at Halifax 13 April 1941. In May she was assigned to the Newfoundland Escort Force as a convoy escort on the route between St. John's and Iceland. She remained with this unit until January 1942, when she departed for refit. During this assignment, Wetaskiwin participated in the battles for convoy SC 42 in September 1941 and convoy SC 48 in October 1941.[4]
After returning to service, Wetaskiwin joined the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) escort group C-3. While escorting Convoy ON 115, on 31 July 1942 she shared the destruction of U-588 with HMCS Skeena.[4] She also participated in the battle for Convoy SC 109.
After yard overhaul, Wetaskiwin was assigned to MOEF escort group A-3 for the battle of Convoy HX 233. When group A3 disbanded, Wetaskiwin was assigned to MOEF group C-5 in May 1943 and participated in the battle for Convoy HX 305.[10] Wetaskiwin escorted North American coastal convoys with the Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) from October 1944 until May 1945.[13] As a member of WLEF she was assigned to escort group W-7 for the majority of her time with the force.[4]
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted edit
| Convoy | Escort Group | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| HX 147 | 29 August – 8 September 1941[14] | 64 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| SC 42 | 10–16 September 1941[15] | Newfoundland to Iceland; 15 ships torpedoed & sunk | |
| ON 16 | 20–26 September 1941[16] | 42 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 48 | 9–17 October 1941[15] | Newfoundland to Iceland; 9 ships torpedoed & sunk | |
| ON 27 | 23 October – 2 November 1941[16] | 61 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 54 | 12–22 November 1941[15] | 70 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| ON 40 | 30 November – 4 December 1941[16] | 28 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 60 | 19–28 December 1941[15] | 22 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| ON 52 | 5–11 January 1942[16] | 42 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 191 | MOEF group C3 | 28 May – 5 June 1942[14] | 24 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 104 | MOEF group C3 | 17–27 June 1942[16] | 36 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| SC 90 | MOEF group C3 | 6–16 July 1942[15] | 32 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 115 | MOEF group C3 | 25 July – 2 August 1942[16] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland; 3 ships torpedoed (2 sank) |
| HX 202 | MOEF group C3 | 12–17 August 1942[14] | 43 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland |
| ON 121 | MOEF group C3 | 17–20 August 1942[16] | 34 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland |
| SC 98 | MOEF group C3 | 2–12 September 1942[15] | 69 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 131 | MOEF group C3 | 19–28 September 1942[16] | 54 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 210 | MOEF group C3 | 7–14 October 1942[14] | 36 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 141 | MOEF group C3 | 26 October – 3 November 1942[16] | 59 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| SC 109 | MOEF group C3 | 16–28 November 1942[15] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; 2 ships torpedoed (1 sank) |
| ON 152 | MOEF group C3 | 10–28 December 1942[16] | 15 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 221 | MOEF group C3 | 31 December 1942 – 5 January 1943[14] | 36 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| HX 233 | MOEF group A3 | 12–20 April 1943[14] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; 1 ship torpedoed & sunk |
| ON 182 | MOEF group C5 | 7–16 May 1943[16] | 56 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 240 | MOEF group C5 | 25 May – 3 June 1943[14] | 56 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 188 | MOEF group C5 | 11–20 June 1943[16] | 56 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 245 | MOEF group C5 | 29 June – 5 July 1943[14] | 84 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 193 | MOEF group C5 | 17–25 July 1943[16] | 80 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 250 | MOEF group C5 | 5–11 August 1943[14] | 75 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 199 | MOEF group C5 | 27 August – 4 September 1943[16] | 59 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 256 | MOEF group C5 | 15–21 September 1943[14] | 59 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 205 | MOEF group C5 | 6–16 October 1943[16] | 66 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 262 | MOEF group C5 | 24 October – 2 November 1943[14] | 59 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 211 | MOEF group C5 | 14–24 November 1943[16] | 49 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 295 | MOEF group C5 | 15–23 June 1944[14] | 80 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 243 | MOEF group C5 | 4–12 July 1944[16] | 89 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 300 | MOEF group C5 | 24 July – 3 August 1944[14] | 166 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland in the largest convoy of the war |
| ON 248S | MOEF group C5 | 11–21 August 1944[16] | 102 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 305 | MOEF group C5 | 30 August – 9 September 1944[14] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; 2 ships torpedoed & sunk |
| ON 255 | MOEF group C5 | 23 September – 4 October 1944[16] | 84 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
Post-war service edit
Following the end of hostilities, Wetaskiwin was paid off at Sorel, Quebec 19 June 1945.[3] In 1946 she was sold to the Venezuelan Navy and renamed Victoria. She was discarded and sold for scrapping in 1962.[4]
Ship's badge edit
Between 1910 and 1948, there were no official badges or insignia for the Royal Canadian Navy's ships. During the Second World War, many ships in the rapidly expanding RCN had an unofficial badge, often using humorous imagery or cartoon characters and other references to popular culture. In the case of corvettes, they were usually mounted on the shield for the ship's 4-inch gun or on the outside of the bridge.[17] Wetaskiwin's badge featured a queen of hearts sitting in a puddle of water, which was a reference to the ship's nickname: "Wet Ass Queen".
The original "wet ass queen" painting from the Wetaskiwin's wardroom bulkhead hangs on the wall at the Crow's Nest Officer's Club in St. John's Newfoundland. [1] Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The reproduction was painted by Burnie Forbes, a rating (ordinary seaman), at the request of the Wetaskiwin's CO, in 1942. Because Forbes was not an officer, he was not permitted in the club to see the original and had to paint the gun shield based on descriptions of the original from the ship's officers.
A mural of HMCS Wetaskiwin adorns the side of the Royal Canadian Legion hall in Wetaskiwin, Alberta.