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Foreign relations of Malta

After independence in 1964, Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with NATO countries. Since 1971, the country sought relations with the rest of the world, including communist countries in Eastern Europe and the non-aligned countries.

After substantially increased financial contributions from several NATO countries (including the United States), the Royal Navy remained in the Malta Dockyard until 1979. Following their departure, Malta charted a new course of neutrality and became an active member of the Non-Aligned Movement. The country joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1973 as the third European member state after Cyprus and SFR Yugoslavia.[1] Malta is an active participant in the United Nations, the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, OSCE, and various other international organisations. In these forums, Malta has frequently expressed its concern for the peace and economic development of the Mediterranean region.

On May 1, 2004, Malta withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement and became a full member of the European Union, with which it had an association agreement since 1971. It was one of ten new members which joined on that date. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs, at Palazzo Parisio, oversees the direction of Maltese foreign policy. The country has close relations with most sovereign countries, with an emphasis on increased trade and foreign direct investment.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Malta maintains diplomatic relations with:[2]

#CountryDate
1  United KingdomSeptember 1964[3]
2  United States21 September 1964[4]
3  Australia21 September 1964[5]
4  France21 September 1964[6]
5  Italy21 September 1964[7]
6  Germany4 December 1964[8]
7  Canada23 December 1964[9]
8  India10 March 1965[10]
9  South Korea30 April 1965[11]
10  Libya15 June 1965[12]
11  BelgiumJune 1965[13]
12  Japan15 July 1965[14]
13  Netherlands6 October 1965[15][16]
14  Egypt2 November 1965[17]
—  Holy See15 December 1965[18]
15  IsraelDecember 1965[19]
16  PakistanJanuary 1966[20]
17   Switzerland25 March 1966[21]
18  Greece30 April 1966[22]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta27 June 1966[23]
19  Austria9 November 1966[24]
20  Russia26 July 1967[25]
21  Turkey10 October 1967[26]
22  Tunisia21 December 1967[27]
23  Romania7 June 1968[28]
24  Spain7 June 1968[29]
25  Czech Republic10 July 1968[30]
26  Serbia6 January 1969[31]
27  Norway7 February 1969[32]
28  Finland21 February 1969[33]
29  Denmark26 March 1969[34]
30  Luxembourg3 June 1969[35]
31  SwedenJune 1969[36]
32  Hungary12 December 1970[37]
33  Syria1970[38]
34  Bulgaria10 September 1971[39]
35  Poland23 October 1971[40]
36  Iraq3 December 1971[41]
37  North Korea20 December 1971[42]
38  China31 January 1972[43]
39  Iran11 May 1972[44]
40  Cyprus13 September 1972[45]
41  Kuwait3 October 1972[46]
42  Zambia17 October 1972[47]
43  Albania5 March 1973[48]
44  United Arab Emirates20 November 1973[49]
45  New Zealand23 November 1973[50]
46  Sudan27 November 1973[51]
47  Vietnam14 January 1974[52]
48  Ghana27 February 1974[53]
49  Nigeria24 May 1974[54]
50  Jordan4 June 1974[55]
51  Bahrain4 November 1974[56]
52  Oman4 November 1974[57]
53  Morocco18 December 1974[58]
54  Algeria22 January 1975[59]
55  Argentina29 May 1975[60]
56  Qatar18 June 1975[61]
57  Brazil23 June 1975[62]
58  Lebanon1 July 1975[63]
59  Portugal22 July 1975[64]
60  Saudi Arabia1 September 1975[65]
61  Malaysia8 October 1975[66]
62  Uruguay13 October 1975[67]
63  Mexico29 October 1975[68]
64  Panama19 January 1976[69]
65  Guyana12 March 1976[70]
66  Gambia21 October 1976[71]
67  Senegal3 November 1976[72]
68  Yemen24 February 1977[73]
69  Cuba11 April 1977[74]
70  Peru27 April 1977[75]
71  Philippines9 June 1977[76]
72  Venezuela17 September 1977[77]
73  Eswatini19 April 1979[23]
74  Mongolia8 August 1979[78]
75  NicaraguaAugust 1979[79]
76  Indonesia1 December 1979[80]
77  Bangladesh20 December 1979[81]
78  Ecuador1 January 1980
79  Guinea30 March 1980[82]
80  Mali1 December 1980[83]
81  Ethiopia30 November 1982[84]
82    Nepal25 September 1983[85]
83  Thailand17 December 1984
84  Maldives5 March 1985
85  Colombia31 March 1986[86]
86  Brunei15 August 1986[87]
87  Bolivia7 July 1987
88  Singapore16 May 1988[88]
89  Seychelles11 April 1989
90  Chile11 December 1989[89]
91  Ireland13 June 1990[90]
92  Estonia1 January 1992[91]
93  Latvia1 January 1992[92]
94  Ukraine5 March 1992[93]
95  Slovenia29 June 1992[94]
96  Croatia30 June 1992[95]
97  Slovakia1 January 1993[96]
98  Kazakhstan4 February 1993[97]
99  South Africa10 February 1993[98]
100  Belarus16 February 1993[99]
101  Kyrgyzstan19 February 1993[100]
102  Turkmenistan25 February 1993[101]
103  Uzbekistan25 February 1993[102]
104  Georgia26 February 1993[103]
105  Armenia7 June 1993[104]
106  Lithuania7 February 1994
107  Marshall Islands8 February 1994
108  Azerbaijan9 January 1995[105]
109  San Marino17 July 1995[106]
110  Andorra25 July 1995
111  Bosnia and Herzegovina14 October 1995[107]
112  Guatemala11 December 1995
113  Moldova3 July 1996[108]
114  Iceland3 July 1998
115  Sri Lanka27 January 2000[109]
116  Monaco11 April 2001[110]
117  Sierra Leone16 October 2001
118  Liechtenstein12 May 2003[111]
119  East Timor20 May 2003
120  Honduras8 June 2004
121  El Salvador9 June 2004
122  Paraguay8 July 2004
123  Uganda21 July 2004
124  Samoa22 July 2004
125  Antigua and Barbuda23 July 2004
126  Bahamas20 September 2004
127  Vanuatu29 September 2004
128  Belize1 October 2004
129  Jamaica27 October 2004
130  Kenya5 November 2004
131  Namibia9 December 2004[112]
132  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines10 December 2004
133  Botswana6 January 2005[113]
134  Cambodia13 January 2005[114]
135  Dominica11 February 2005[115]
136  Mauritius19 May 2005[116]
137  Barbados21 October 2005
138  Saint Kitts and Nevis25 November 2005[117]
139  Tuvalu20 January 2006
140  Cameroon27 January 2006
141  Lesotho11 April 2006[118]
142  Montenegro19 July 2006
143  Tonga3 May 2007
144  Tajikistan25 September 2007[119]
145  Afghanistan8 February 2008
146  Burkina Faso8 February 2008
147  Togo16 May 2008
148  Liberia20 May 2008
149  Nauru19 November 2008
150  Niger11 December 2008
151  Eritrea18 December 2008
152  Benin25 March 2009
153  Mozambique18 May 2009
154  Trinidad and Tobago24 September 2009
155  Saint Lucia11 March 2010
156  Angola15 June 2010
157  Solomon Islands23 December 2010
158  Laos13 January 2011
159  Republic of the Congo14 February 2011
160  Grenada26 May 2011
161  Malawi21 July 2011[120]
—  Kosovo23 September 2011[121]
162  Somalia11 June 2014[122]
163  Fiji11 December 2014
164  Burundi12 January 2015
165  Tanzania11 June 2015
166  Ivory Coast6 November 2015[123]
167  Cape Verde17 March 2016
168  North Macedonia25 January 2017[124]
169  Dominican Republic23 February 2017[125]
170  Myanmar5 April 2017
171  Papua New Guinea6 October 2017[126][127]
—  Cook Islands6 October 2017[128]
172  Djibouti26 June 2018
173  Rwanda12 July 2018
174  Palau17 July 2018
175  São Tomé and Príncipe24 September 2018
176  Federated States of Micronesia25 September 2018
177  Madagascar22 September 2021
178  Kiribati21 September 2022
179  Suriname18 May 2023[129]
180  Costa RicaUnknown
181  Equatorial GuineaUnknown
182  MauritaniaUnknown

Bilateral relations

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Multilateral

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OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
 European UnionSee 2004 enlargement of the European Union

Malta joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

 NATOSee Malta–NATO relations

Malta is not a member of NATO.

Africa

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CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Egypt4 November 1965
 Gambia21 October 1976

Both countries have a Memorandum on Migration Matters.[132]

 Ghana27 February 1974
  • Ghana has a high commission in Valletta.
  • Malta has a high commission in Accra.
 Lesotho11 April 2006
 Libya15 June 1965see Libya–Malta relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations soon after Malta's independence.
  • Libya has an embassy in Balzan.
  • Malta has an embassy in Tripoli.[134]

Malta has enjoyed cordial relations with Libya ever since its Independence. In 1984, a Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation was signed with Gaddafi's regime by Dom Mintoff. This treaty included a security protocol in which Libyan forces agreed to train and arm their Maltese counterparts. Libya supplied Malta with refined crude oil starting in 1975. Libyan nationals did not require visas to enter Malta until 2004.

 Tunisia20 December 1967
  • Both countries established official diplomatic relations soon after Malta's independence.
  • Malta has an embassy in Tunis.[135]
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Valletta.
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
  • Tunisian Foreign Affairs Ministry about relations with Malta
  • Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
  • Maltese and Tunisian Arabic are very similar languages. The two countries share very rich historical links.
 Uganda21 July 2004

Americas

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CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Argentina28 May 1975
  • Argentina is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Malta is accredited to Argentina from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta and maintains an honorary consulate in Buenos Aires.
 Brazil23 June 1975
  • Brazil is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada21 December 1964
 Chile11 December 1989

In July 2017, Maltese President Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca paid an official visit to Chile.

  • Chile is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is accredited to Chile from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta.
 Guyana12 March 1976
 Mexico29 October 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines10 December 2004
 Trinidad and Tobago24 September 2009
 United States21 September 1964See Malta–United States relations

Malta and the United States established full diplomatic relations upon Malta's independence in 1964; overall relations are currently active and cordial. The United States has been sympathetic to Malta's campaign to attract private investment, and some firms operating in Malta have U.S. ownership or investment. These include major hotels, manufacturing and repair facilities, and some offices servicing local and regional operations.

Asia

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CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Armenia7 June 1993
  • Armenia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome.
  • Malta is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Warsaw, Poland and has an honorary consulate in Yerevan.
 China31 January 1972see China–Malta relations
 Georgia26 February 1993
 India10 March 1965see India–Malta relations
  • Malta opened a high commission in New Delhi in 2007.
  • India opened a high commission in Malta at St Venera in early 2018.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 IsraelDecember 1965
  • Malta has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
  • See also Maltese Jews.
  • In December 2015, Israel singled Malta and five other EU countries for sanctions because they supported a decision that goods made in Jewish communities in the West Bank and the Golan Heights should be specially marked.[143]
 Kyrgyzstan19 February 1993
 PakistanJanuary 1966
  • Malta is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Beijing (China) and an honorary consulate in Karachi. Pakistan is represented in Malta through its embassy in Tripoli (Libya) and an honorary consulate in Marsa.
  • In 2007, in a meeting in Malta between Pakistani Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri and Foreign Minister of Malta Michael Frendo, the two countries agreed to continue the ongoing cooperation between the two countries in the United Nations and other international forums as well and reviewed bilateral ties with a view to strengthening relations between Pakistan and Malta in all spheres, especially trade and investment.[145] Foreign Minister Kasuri emphasized the need for exchanging trade delegations to exploit true potential for enhancing economic cooperation between the two countries, which are the "gateways" to their respective regions. Dr. Michael Frendo agreed to send an expert delegation to Pakistan to seek opportunities for enhancing bilateral trade relations. Pakistan also sought Malta's support for Pakistan's initiative for equitable market access to the European Union through a Free Trade Agreement or similar mechanism.[146][147] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
  • In 2002 a Maltese citizen, who was born in Pakistan, was sentenced to seven years in prison in Malta. He was found guilty of kidnapping 11 Pakistani babies that were brought to Malta for adoption.[148] In 2009 it was reported that a Pakistan-based human trafficking ring has set up a successful business in Malta, where Pakistanis seeking illegal entry into mainland Europe are being furnished with new travel documents and transported on to Italy and Spain. It was reported that sources within the Pakistani Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) said that the illegal migration of Pakistanis to Europe was being carried out through Malta, from where the migrants are being transported by ship to Sicily and onward to countries such as Italy and Spain.[149]
 Saudi Arabia1 September 1975
  • Malta has an embassy in Riyadh and an honorary consulate in Jeddah.[150]
  • Saudi Arabia is represented through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[151]
 South KoreaApril 2, 1965[152]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Malta began on April 2, 1965.

  • On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations] in 2015 President Park Geun-hye exchanged celebratory messages with Maltese President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 1,014,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports 514,000,000 US dollars
  • Bilateral Investments(2014):
    • South Korea's investment in Malta was 31,490,000 US dollars
    • Malta's investment in South Korea was 5,883,000,000 US dollars[153]
 Tajikistan25 September 2007
 Turkey10 October 1967See Malta–Turkey relations

Europe

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CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Austria9 November 1966
 Belarus16 February 1993
  • Belarus is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[155]
  • Malta is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).[156]
 BelgiumJune 1965
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations soon after Malta's independence.
  • Belgium has an honorary consulate in Valletta.[157]
  • Malta has an embassy in Brussels and an honorary consulate in Antwerp.[158]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Bulgaria11 September 1971
  • Bulgaria is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[159]
  • Malta has 2 honorary consulates in Bulgaria (in Sofia and Varna).[160]
  • Malta joined the European Union as a full member on May 1, 2004, while Bulgaria joined on January 1, 2007.
 Croatia30 June 1992
 Cyprus13 September 1972See Cyprus–Malta relations
 Czech Republic10 July 1968 and 1 January 1993
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome, (Italy) and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.[162]
  • Malta is represented in the Czech Republic through a non-resident ambassador based in the Foreign Ministry at Valletta.[163]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Denmark26 March 1969
  • Denmark is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary general consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta has an embassy in Copenhagen and 3 honorary consulates (in Aarhus, Copenhagen and Odense).[164]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Estonia1 January 1992
 Finland21 February 1969See Finland–Malta relations
  • Finland is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is represented in Finland through a non-resident ambassador based in Valletta (in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and an honorary consulate in Helsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 France21 September 1964
 Germany16 February 1965
 Greece30 April 1966See Greece–Malta relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Valletta.
  • Malta has an embassy in Athens.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Holy See15 December 1965
 Hungary12 December 1970
  • Hungary is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome, Italy and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna, Austria and through an honorary consulate in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Iceland3 July 1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 3, 1998.[171]

 Ireland13 June 1990
 ItalySee Italy–Malta relations
 Kosovo22 September 2011
 Lithuania7 February 1994
 Moldova3 July 1996
 Netherlands1965See Malta–Netherlands relations
 North Macedonia25 January 2017

Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 25, 2017.[186]

 Poland
  • Malta has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Valletta.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union on 1 May 2004.
 PortugalNovember 1968See Malta–Portugal relations
 Romania7 June 1968
  • Malta has an honorary consulate in Bucharest.[189]
  • Romania has a non-resident embassy for Malta in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate in Valletta.[190]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
  • Malta joined the European Union as a full member on May 1, 2004, while Romania joined on January 1, 2007.
 Russia26 July 1967See Malta–Russia relations
 Serbia4 June 1968See Malta–Serbia relations
  • Malta is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Valletta (in the Foreign Ministry).[193]
  • Serbia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.[194]
  • Malta is an EU member and Serbia is an EU candidate.
 Slovakia1 January 1993See Malta–Slovakia relations
  • Malta is represented in Slovakia through a non-resident ambassador based in Valletta (in the Foreign Ministry).[195]
  • Slovakia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate in Valletta.[196][197]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
  • The foreign relations between Malta and Slovakia are not very intensive. Foreign policy of Malta is concentrated rather on cooperation with Algeria, Tunis, Libya and Egypt. There is, however, 41 years lasting cooperation between those two countries.[198]
  • In 2001 Slovak prime minister Mikuláš Dzurinda visited Malta at the invitation of Maltese premier Edward Fenech Adami, and negotiated the integration of both countries into European Union and economic cooperation between Malta and Slovakia.[199]
  • In 2008 Slovakian agency SARIA signed a treaty of reciprocal assistance related to third-world countries, with Malta Enterprise.[198]
  • Slovak prime minister Robert Fico visited Maltese capital Valletta in 2008.[200]
 Slovenia29 June 1992
 Spain10 October 1968See Malta–Spain relations
 SwedenJune 1969
 Ukraine5 March 1992See Malta–Ukraine relations
  • The Maltese embassy in Moscow (Russia) is also accredited as a non-resident embassy to Ukraine.
  • Ukraine is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
 United Kingdom21 September 1964See Malta – United Kingdom relations

In the 1950s and 1960s, serious consideration was given in both countries to the idea of a political union between the United Kingdom and Malta. However, this plan for "Integration with Britain" foundered, and Malta gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1964.

Oceania

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CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia21 September 1964see Australia–Malta relations

Both countries have full embassy level diplomatic relations since 1967. Australia has a High Commission in Valletta. Malta has a High Commission in Canberra, 2 Consulates-General (in Melbourne and Sydney), and 4 honorary consulates (in Adelaide, Ascot Vale, Melbourne and Perth).

Maltese president Eddie Fenech Adami embarked on a state visit to Australia in February 2009, where he met with Governor-General Quentin Bryce and Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. During an official dinner in honour of the Maltese President, Kevin Rudd declared "Australia would not be as complete without Malta".[207] In the same month, Maltese Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister Tonio Borg visited Australia for discussions with Australian foreign minister Stephen Smith, where the commercial relationship between the two countries were discussed, in particular the signing of a contract between a Perth-based shipbuilding company and the Maltese armed forces for the construction and delivery of four inshore patrol craft.[208]

Malta and the Commonwealth of Nations

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Malta has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1964, when it became an independent Dominion under the name 'State of Malta'.

Malta became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations on December 13, 1974, when the last Governor-General of Malta, Sir Anthony Mamo became the first President of Malta.

FOSS Membership

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Malta has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.[209]

See also

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References

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