Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "English")library(ggplot2)library(anytime)library(tidyverse)library(svglite)library(Rcpp)polls <- read.table("DE.csv", header=T, sep=",", fileEncoding="UTF-8", stringsAsFactor=F)polls$polldate <- as.Date(anydate(polls$polldate))spansize <- 0.08           # general smoothing parameter for trend linennum <- 600                 # number of points used for trendline (resolution)startdate <- '2011-12-04'   # date of previous electionenddate <- '2016-09-18'     # (latest) date of next election# retrieve party names from CSVparty1 <- colnames(polls)[2]party2 <- colnames(polls)[3]party3 <- colnames(polls)[4]party4 <- colnames(polls)[5]party5 <- colnames(polls)[6]# define party colors (taken from https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/en/Category:Germany_political_party_colour_templates)col1 <- '#2E4EA4'col2 <- '#CC1111'col3 <- '#FFC003'col4 <- '#4488CC'transp <-'55'       # transparency level of pointsgraph <- ggplot(polls)+  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date(startdate), color='#aaaaaabb')+       # vertical line (last election)  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date(enddate), color='#aaaaaabb')+         # vertical line (next election)  geom_segment(aes(x=as.Date(startdate), xend=as.Date(enddate), y=5, yend=5), color='#666666bb', linetype='dashed')+      # horizontal line (election threshold 5%)  # add poll points  geom_point(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party1),size=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,3,1.5),shape=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,23,21),color=paste0(col1,transp),fill=paste0(col1,transp))+  geom_point(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party2),size=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,3,1.5),shape=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,23,21),color=paste0(col2,transp),fill=paste0(col2,transp))+  geom_point(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party3),size=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,3,1.5),shape=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,23,21),color=paste0(col3,transp),fill=paste0(col3,transp))+  geom_point(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party4),size=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,3,1.5),shape=ifelse(polls$polldate==startdate | polls$polldate==enddate,23,21),color=paste0(col4,transp),fill=paste0(col4,transp))+  # add trend lines  # the "span" (smoothing parameter) should be manually changed for individual parties that have less polling data  geom_smooth(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party1,color=shQuote('col1')),method="loess",span=spansize,n=nnum,se=FALSE)+  geom_smooth(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party2,color=shQuote('col2')),method="loess",span=spansize,n=nnum,se=FALSE)+  geom_smooth(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party3,color=shQuote('col3')),method="loess",span=spansize,n=nnum,se=FALSE)+  geom_smooth(aes_string(x='polldate',y=party4,color=shQuote('col4')),method="loess",span=spansize,n=nnum,se=FALSE)+  scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) paste0(x, "%"),limits=c(1,61))+    # add %, manual limits on y-axis  scale_x_date(limits = as.Date(c(startdate,enddate)), date_minor_breaks = "1 months", date_breaks = "3 months", date_labels = "%b %Y")+    # grid: 1 month, labels: 3 months  labs(x = "", y = "")+  scale_color_manual(name="",                     breaks = c('col1','col2','col3','col4'),                     labels = c(party1,party2,party3,party4),                     values = c('col1'=col1,'col2'=col2,'col3'=col3,'col4'=col4))+  # legend appearance  theme(    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 11),    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12),    axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16),    legend.position="right",    legend.key.width=unit(24, "pt"),    legend.key.height=unit(24, "pt"),    legend.text = element_text(size=16, margin = margin(b = 5, t = 5, unit = "pt")))graph + theme()ggsave(file="polls.svg", plot=graph, width=18, height=8)# workaround since svglite doesn't properly work in Wikipediaaaa=readLines("polls.svg",-1)bbb <- gsub(".svglite ", "", aaa)writeLines(bbb,"polls.svg")

polldate,ER,KPRF,SR,LDPR2016-09-18,54.2,13.34,6.22,13.142016-09-11,41.1,7.4,6.3,12.62016-09-04,39.3,8.7,5.3,10.42016-08-28,41.2,7.7,5.4,12.22016-08-21,43.3,8.4,6.6,10.82016-08-14,44,10.1,7.5,11.82016-07-24,44.1,10.1,6.4,10.72016-07-17,44.9,8.7,6.7,11.32016-07-10,44,9.9,7.8,10.52016-07-03,44.3,10.4,7.9,92016-06-26,45.1,9.4,6.5,10.12016-06-19,43.1,9.5,6.9,11.42016-06-12,45.6,8.9,6.8,9.72016-06-05,46.7,10.3,5.1,10.12016-05-29,45.4,9.9,5.5,9.92016-05-22,46.2,9.3,5.9,112016-05-15,47.9,10.1,5.8,10.82016-05-01,49,10.7,6.4,10.52016-04-24,48.5,9.1,6.4,9.92016-04-17,47.6,10,5.6,9.22016-04-10,45.7,10.3,7.7,10.62016-04-03,47.9,9,6.3,8.52016-03-27,47.5,9.1,5.4,9.22016-03-20,44.1,10.1,6.3,9.62016-03-13,47.6,10.4,5.4,102016-03-06,44.9,11.5,6.2,8.12016-02-28,46.2,9.3,6.3,8.12016-02-21,48.4,8.5,5.9,9.32016-02-14,48.8,8.9,5.7,8.22016-02-07,51,7.5,5.8,8.92016-01-31,50.2,9.2,5.8,82016-01-24,59,8.8,6,92016-01-17,53.2,8.4,4.2,6.92015-12-27,52.8,8.1,5,7.32015-12-20,52.5,8.7,5.7,62015-12-13,50.8,9.1,5.3,5.62015-12-06,54,7.8,5.2,6.92015-11-29,52.2,7.9,5.8,6.92015-11-22,53.2,8.4,5.6,5.72015-11-15,52.5,8.5,4.7,7.62015-11-08,52,8.3,5.2,6.82015-11-01,52.7,7.7,5.2,6.52015-10-25,53.9,8.4,4.7,6.12015-10-18,54.1,7.4,4.9,5.22015-10-11,57.5,7.4,4.9,5.22015-10-04,54.7,7.4,5.5,6.12015-09-27,53.1,7.9,5.7,72015-09-20,54,8.7,5.4,62015-09-13,51.6,7.8,5.5,7.72015-09-06,53.5,7.5,5.1,6.92015-08-30,56.1,6.6,3.2,7.52015-08-23,53.6,8.4,4.4,6.82015-08-16,55.5,6.9,5.2,6.12015-07-26,56.4,6.6,3.3,5.62015-07-19,57.9,6.3,3.9,4.82015-07-12,58.8,6.4,3.9,5.12015-07-05,58.4,5.9,5.4,72015-06-28,57.6,6.6,3.1,5.32015-06-21,60.1,4.9,5.1,5.42015-06-14,57.9,6.8,4.6,4.82015-06-07,58.2,5.7,3.8,5.32015-05-31,56.6,5.8,5,5.82015-05-24,56.4,6.3,4,6.12015-05-17,60.6,4.8,4,5.82015-05-03,56.9,6.5,3.2,6.22015-04-26,55.1,6.8,4.4,6.12015-04-19,55.8,6,3.1,6.42015-04-12,58.1,5.8,3.8,62015-04-05,57.8,7.6,3.8,6.12015-03-29,57.4,6.7,3.9,6.12015-03-21,57.3,6.1,4.1,7.82015-03-15,56.9,7,3.3,6.82015-03-08,59.5,6.8,3.3,5.42015-03-01,58.6,6.4,3.8,5.42015-02-22,57.4,6.3,3.9,52015-02-15,59,5.9,3.5,5.32015-02-08,60.6,5.5,3.6,5.62015-02-01,59.6,5.8,3.3,3.82015-01-25,58.4,6.7,3.8,5.42015-01-18,60.3,6.4,2.5,4.82015-01-11,58.7,5.5,3.6,6.32014-12-21,57.1,5.2,3.8,5.62014-12-14,55.5,6.9,4.3,5.32014-12-07,56.8,7,4.9,5.42014-11-30,53.1,7.2,5.1,5.62014-11-23,57.6,7.3,4.8,5.12014-11-16,56.1,8.3,3.9,6.42014-11-09,57.6,7.2,4.6,62014-11-02,56.7,7.9,4.2,5.32014-10-26,57.6,7.5,4.3,6.12014-10-19,57.9,7.2,3.4,5.82014-10-12,59.5,7.6,4.3,52014-10-05,57.3,7.4,3,5.42014-09-28,57.5,6.8,2.9,5.92014-09-21,60.2,6.8,4.5,5.72014-09-14,58.7,6.8,2.6,6.52014-09-07,58.5,6.9,3.9,5.82014-08-31,56.1,6.7,4,62014-08-24,56.9,6.7,3.2,6.22014-08-17,58.5,7.2,3,5.42014-08-10,60.5,5.3,4,4.92014-07-27,54,7.3,3.9,5.82014-07-20,58,7.3,3.5,62014-07-13,56.3,7.7,3.6,6.82014-07-06,54.1,8.5,4.3,6.12014-06-29,52.8,8.4,3.8,6.82014-06-22,53.5,8.5,3.8,6.82014-06-15,55.8,7.1,4.3,6.62014-06-08,59.2,7.8,2.8,5.82014-06-01,58,7.7,3.3,6.42014-05-25,56,8,3,6.32014-05-18,60,8.4,2.6,5.72014-05-11,60.4,8.1,3.5,5.92014-04-27,55.7,7.3,3.6,62014-04-20,55.4,7.5,3.7,6.12014-04-13,53.7,8.3,4.6,6.92014-04-06,56.4,7.1,4,6.92014-03-30,53.4,8.1,5,6.62014-03-23,56.2,8,3.3,6.62014-03-16,50.1,9.1,2.9,62014-03-09,48.7,8.7,5,5.92014-03-02,47.6,9.5,3.6,7.42014-02-23,44.3,9.2,3.2,8.12014-02-16,41.3,10.8,3.2,7.92014-02-09,43.2,9.9,3.3,7.62014-02-02,43.9,10.1,3.9,8.32014-01-26,42.4,9.7,3.8,9.12014-01-19,42.8,10.8,4,9.22014-01-12,40,11.3,3.6,8.22013-12-22,42.7,10.3,4.9,82013-12-15,44.8,10.1,4.2,6.62013-12-08,42.5,10,4.2,82013-12-01,39.4,11.4,4.4,7.82013-11-24,42.7,10.6,4.2,8.92013-11-17,43.7,10.8,4.7,8.52013-11-10,41.9,9.6,4.4,8.332013-11-03,45.4,10.1,4,7.42013-10-27,40.1,10,5.2,10.42013-10-20,42.4,13.6,4.1,7.12013-10-13,43.8,10.4,3.5,8.12013-10-06,47.2,9.3,3.4,8.82013-09-29,43.2,11.1,4.7,9.82013-09-22,43.9,9.1,5,8.92013-09-15,44,11.2,4.8,8.92013-09-08,43.4,10.6,4,82013-09-01,40.6,11.2,5.8,102013-08-25,41.2,12.5,3.8,9.32013-08-18,44,11.3,5.5,6.72013-08-11,45.5,10.7,4.4,6.62013-07-28,44.9,12.2,4.5,7.32013-07-21,46.8,10.6,3.3,6.92013-07-14,43.3,10.1,3.9,7.22013-07-07,42.7,11,3.6,82013-06-30,44.2,8.8,3.3,9.22013-06-23,46.8,11.5,4.4,7.42013-06-16,45.9,10.3,3.7,82013-06-09,44.8,11.4,3.9,7.82013-06-02,44.2,10.5,4.8,8.52013-05-26,45,11,2.8,7.32013-05-19,46.6,10.6,4.8,6.42013-05-12,47,11.7,4.2,7.52013-04-28,43.8,11.6,4.5,8.32013-04-21,44.1,11.7,5.9,7.12013-04-14,44.3,11.6,4.9,82013-04-07,43.6,11.6,5.4,7.22013-03-31,44.3,11.9,4.3,9.42013-03-24,45.3,11.9,5.6,7.42013-03-17,44.5,11.3,4.5,8.32013-03-10,46.2,10.1,4.6,6.82013-03-03,44.2,10.3,3.9,6.52013-02-24,47.2,10.2,4.9,6.82013-02-17,47.6,8.9,4,6.52013-02-10,46.1,10.6,4.1,8.12013-02-03,46.4,10.9,4,6.32013-01-27,48.4,11.4,4.9,7.62013-01-20,46.1,10.6,4.2,6.32013-01-13,46.6,10.3,4.9,7.62012-12-23,49,9.9,5.5,6.52012-12-16,50.1,10.1,4,6.52012-12-09,48.4,11.1,3.9,7.52012-12-02,47.8,10,3.4,6.82012-11-25,45.2,10.6,5,6.42012-11-18,47.9,11.4,4.3,6.42012-11-11,49.7,8.9,4.9,6.12012-11-04,47.8,11.1,3.5,6.22012-10-28,45.6,10.8,4.7,6.42012-10-21,48.1,10.5,4.2,7.62012-10-14,47,10.7,4.3,6.82012-10-07,46.7,12.7,4.9,6.62012-09-30,43.8,10.4,5.4,5.92012-09-23,45.6,9.1,4.6,6.72012-09-16,46.5,11.5,5.3,8.72012-09-09,47.3,10.5,5.4,6.82012-09-02,45.5,10.8,5.6,7.12012-08-26,45.3,10.8,5.7,72012-08-19,44.8,9.2,6.5,82012-08-12,44.6,10.3,5.6,7.12012-07-22,44,9.4,6,7.52012-07-15,50.1,9.2,5.4,6.62012-07-08,45.1,11.2,6.3,6.52012-07-01,47.5,10.5,5.9,6.72012-06-24,48.7,10.7,4.2,6.32012-06-17,48.8,10.8,5.6,6.72012-06-10,50,10.9,5.3,5.62012-06-03,49.1,10.8,4.5,7.72012-05-27,50,11.2,5.4,7.42012-05-20,50.3,11.8,4.8,72012-05-13,50.6,11,5.7,6.12012-04-29,46.1,12.8,5.7,7.12012-04-22,49.9,10.6,4.9,7.12012-04-15,52.2,11.9,4.8,6.42012-04-08,51.7,12.3,4.4,5.62012-04-01,51.7,11.6,5.1,6.22012-03-25,48.3,12.6,6.4,7.62012-03-18,47.2,12.6,8.7,7.82012-03-11,49.4,14.6,5.3,7.32012-02-26,48.3,12.6,6.4,7.62012-02-19,45.5,12.6,6.8,10.12012-02-12,46,11.3,8.2,9.42012-02-05,44.2,12.8,5.5,9.32012-01-29,42.4,12.3,7,8.22012-01-22,42.1,12.6,9,102012-01-15,42,15,7,112012-01-08,39.7,13.8,8,9.92011-12-25,34.4,14.7,9.6,10.82011-12-18,36,16,8,112011-12-11,36,16,11,122011-12-04,49.32,19.19,13.24,11.672016-09-11,43,8,5,112016-09-04,41,9,4,112016-08-29,31,10,5,112016-08-28,44,8,5,92016-08-21,45,9,4,82016-08-14,42,10,8,92016-08-07,45,10,8,82016-07-31,47,9,8,82016-07-25,39,10,3,102016-07-24,44,10,7,112016-07-17,45,10,7,122016-07-10,46,10,6,122016-07-03,46,10,7,112016-06-27,55.8,18.2,5.1,14.22016-06-26,45,10,6,112016-06-24,39,6,4,52016-06-05,48,10,5,112016-04-10,46,9,5,112016-02-10,39,10,3,52015-12-10,44,10,2,52015-10-05,40,11,3,62015-09-07,43,11,3,52016-07-28,34,6,5,42015-11-23,44,10,5,22016-07-27,35,11,3,9