The Office of the Executive Secretary of the Philippines (formerly the Executive Office) is the head and highest-ranking official of the Office of the President of the Philippines and a member of the Cabinet of the Philippines. The office-holder has been nicknamed as the "Little President" due to the nature of the position. It was given the mandate "to directly assist the President in the management of affairs of the government as well as to direct the operations of the Executive Office." It is headed by the Executive Secretary in which appointed by the President upon confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.
| Tanggapan ng Kalihim Tagapagpaganap | |
 Seal | |
| Cabinet overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | October 12, 1936 |
| Cabinet executives |
|
| Parent Cabinet | Office of the President |
| Website | Office of the Executive Secretary |
The office was established on October 12, 1936, with Jorge B. Vargas as the inaugural holder.[1]
The incumbent Executive Secretary is retired Chief Justice and GSIS Chairman Lucas Bersamin, who was appointed to the post on September 27, 2022, days after the resignation of his predecessor Vic Rodriguez.[2]
Powers and duties edit
In Book III, Chapter 9, Section 27 of Executive Order No. 292, the Administrative Code of the Philippines,[3] the role of the Executive Secretary was defined as:
Sec. 27. Functions of the Executive Secretary. - The Executive Secretary shall, subject to the control and supervision of the President, carry out the functions assigned by law to the Executive Office and shall perform such other duties as may be delegated to him. He shall:
- Directly assist the President in the management of the affairs pertaining to the Government of the Republic of the Philippines;
- Implement presidential directives, orders and decisions;
- Decide, for and in behalf of the President, matters not requiring personal presidential attention;
- Exercise supervision and control over the various units in the Office of the President Proper including their internal administrative requirements;
- Exercise supervision, in behalf of the President, over the various agencies under the Office of the President;
- Appoint officials and employees of the Office of the President whose appointments are not vested in the President;
- Provide overall coordination in the operation of the Executive Office;
- Determine and assign matters to the appropriate units in the Office of the President;
- Have administrative responsibility for matters in the Office of the President coming from the various departments and agencies of government;
- Exercise primary authority to sign papers "By authority of the President", attest executive orders and other presidential issuances unless attestation is specifically delegated to other officials by him or by the President;
- Determine, with the President's approval, the appropriate assignment of offices and agencies not placed by law under any specific executive department;
- Provide consultative, research, fact-finding and advisory service to the President;
- Assist the President in the performance of functions pertaining to legislation;
- Assist the President in the administration of special projects;
- Take charge of matters pertaining to protocol in State and ceremonial functions;
- Provide secretarial and clerical services for the President, the Cabinet, the Council of State, and other advisory bodies to the President
- Promulgate such rules and regulations necessary to carry out the objectives, policies and functions of the Office of the President Proper;
- Perform such other functions as the President may direct.
The Executive Secretary possesses so much power since the holder of the office is the chief alter-ego of the President of the Philippines, the Chief Executive. The Executive Secretary can issue orders in the name of the President, can review and modify decisions of other cabinet secretaries on appeal and can perform numerous other functions as allowed or delegated by the Chief Executive. The Executive Secretary, can also be the top coordinator of the activities of the Executive Branch of the government, if necessary.
List of Executive Secretaries edit
| Executive Secretary | |
|---|---|
| Kalihim ng Pangulo | |
| | |
| Appointer | The President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments |
| Term length | At the President's pleasure |
| Inaugural holder | Jorge Vargas |
| Formation | October 12, 1936 |
| # | Name | Term started | Term ended | President | Era |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secretaries to the President | Commonwealth (in exile) | ||||
| 1 | Jorge Vargas | October 12, 1936 | December 11, 1941 | Manuel L. Quezon[4] | |
| 2 | Manuel Roxas | December 24, 1941 | March 26, 1942 | ||
| 3 | Arturo Rotor | June 13, 1942 | November 30, 1944 | ||
| Executive Secretaries | Second Republic | ||||
| 4 | Jose Gil | October 14, 1943 | August 30, 1944 | Jose P. Laurel[1][5] | |
| 5 | Emilio Abello | August 31, 1944 | February 27, 1945 | ||
| Secretaries to the President | Commonwealth (restored) | ||||
| 6 | Jose S. Reyes | February 27, 1945 | May 24, 1946 | Sergio Osmeña[6] | |
| 7 | Emilio Abello | May 30, 1946 | July 4, 1946 | Manuel Roxas[7] | |
| Chiefs of the Executive Office | Third Republic/Fourth Republic | ||||
| (7) | Emilio Abello | July 4, 1946 | September 3, 1947 | Manuel Roxas | |
| 8 | Nicanor Roxas | September 10, 1947 | October 3, 1947 | ||
| Executive Secretaries | |||||
| Act | Nicanor Roxas | October 4, 1947 | February 6, 1948 | Manuel Roxas | |
| 9 | Emilio Abello | February 26, 1948 | April 17, 1948 | ||
| April 17, 1948 | September 14, 1948 | Elpidio Quirino[8] | |||
| 10 | Teodoro Evangelista | September 16, 1948 | May 8, 1951 | ||
| 11 | Marciano Roque | February 2, 1952 | December 29, 1953 | ||
| 12 | Fred Ruiz Castro | December 30, 1953 | October 26, 1955 | Ramon Magsaysay[9] | |
| 13 | Fortunato de Leon | April 12, 1956 | March 17, 1957 | ||
| March 17, 1957 | December 30, 1957 | Carlos P. Garcia[10] | |||
| 14 | Juan Pajo | January 16, 1958 | August 28, 1959 | ||
| 15 | Natalio Castillo | January 24, 1960 | September 5, 1961 | ||
| 16 | Rafael M. Salas | January 1, 1966 | July 24, 1969 | Ferdinand Marcos[11] | |
| 17 | Ernesto Maceda | July 26, 1969 | February 7, 1970 | ||
| 18 | Alejandro Melchor Jr.[12] | February 9, 1970 | November 4, 1974 | ||
| 19 | Ponciano Mathay | November 7, 1974 | December 7, 1975 | ||
| Presidential Executive Assistants | |||||
| 20 | Jacobo Clave | December 8, 1975 | December 23, 1979 | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 21 | Juan Tuvera | December 30, 1979 | February 22, 1986 | ||
| 22 | Joker Arroyo | February 25, 1986 | March 25, 1986 | Corazon Aquino | |
| Executive Secretaries | Fifth Republic | ||||
| (22) | Joker Arroyo | March 25, 1986 | September 15, 1987 | Corazon Aquino[13] | |
| 23 | Catalino Macaraig Jr. | September 17, 1987 | December 14, 1990 | ||
| 24 | Oscar Orbos | December 16, 1990 | July 14, 1991 | ||
| 25 | Franklin Drilon | July 15, 1991 | June 30, 1992 | ||
| Act. | Peter D. Garrucho Jr. | July 1, 1992 | September 13, 1992 | Fidel V. Ramos[14] | |
| 26 | Edelmiro Amante | September 14, 1992 | June 30, 1993 | ||
| 27 | Teofisto Guingona Jr. | July 6, 1993 | May 19, 1995 | ||
| 28 | Ruben Torres | May 20, 1995 | January 8, 1998 | ||
| 29 | Alexander Aguirre | January 9, 1998 | June 30, 1998 | ||
| 30 | Ronaldo Zamora | July 1, 1998 | December 31, 2000 | Joseph Ejercito Estrada[15] | |
| 31 | Edgardo Angara | January 6, 2001 | January 21, 2001 | ||
| 32 | Renato de Villa | January 22, 2001 | May 7, 2001 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo[16] | |
| 33 | Alberto Romulo | May 8, 2001 | August 24, 2004 | ||
| 34 | Eduardo Ermita | August 24, 2004 | February 23, 2010 | ||
| 35 | Leandro Mendoza | February 24, 2010 | June 30, 2010 | ||
| 36 | Paquito Ochoa Jr. | June 30, 2010 | June 30, 2016 | Benigno Aquino III[17] | |
| 37 | Salvador Medialdea | June 30, 2016 | June 30, 2022 | Rodrigo Duterte[18] | |
| 38 | Atty. Victor D. Rodriguez | June 30, 2022 | September 17, 2022 | Bongbong Marcos | |
| 39 | Chief Justice Lucas Bersamin (Ret.)[2] | September 27, 2022 | present | ||
References edit
- ^ a b "The Executive Secretary". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
- ^ a b Valente, Catherine S. (2022-09-27). "Bersamin is Marcos' new executive secretary". The Manila Times. Retrieved 2022-09-27.
- ^ "Executive Order No. 292 Instituting the Administrative Code of 1987". Cahn Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
- ^ "Manuel L. Quezon - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Jose P. Laurel - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ^ "Sergio Osmeña - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Manuel Roxas - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Elpidio Quirino - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Ramon Magsaysay - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Carlos P. Garcia - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Ferdinand E. Marcos - Presidential Museum and Library". Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/manila-bulletin/mi_7968/is_2002_July_14/heros-burial-melchor-set/ai_n33178343/ [bare URL]
- ^ "Corazon C. Aquino - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Fidel V. Ramos - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Joseph Ejercito Estrada - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Benigno S. Aquino III - Presidential Museum and Library". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ Ranada, P. (16 May 2016). "Medialdea is executive secretary, Panelo is spokesman". Rappler. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
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