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Estonian Song Festival

The Estonian Song Festival (in Estonian: üldlaulupidu), first held in 1869, is now one of the largest choral events in the world, and a UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.[1]

Estonian Song Festival
Üldlaulupidu
XXVII Estonian Song Festival (7 July 2019)
GenreChoral festival
Date(s)July
FrequencyFive-year
VenueTallinn Song Festival Grounds
Location(s)Tallinn, Estonia
Inaugurated1869
Baltic song and dance celebrations
CountryEstonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
Reference00087
RegionEurope and North America
Inscription history
Inscription2008 (3rd session)
ListRepresentative
VI Estonian Song Festival, view of the stage (Tallinn, 1896)
VIII Estonian Song Festival (1923)
Conductors of X Song festival (1933) From left: Raimund Kull, Tuudur Vettik, Juhan Aavik, Juhan Simm and Verner Nerep.
VIII Song Festival (1950)
Conductor Neeme Järvi at the XXV Song Festival (2009)
XXVI Song Festival (2014)

The festival is held once every four to six years in July on the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds simultaneously with the Estonian Dance Festival.[2] The joint choir has comprised more than 30,000 singers performing to an audience of 80,000.[2][3]

History

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The tradition of the song festival was born along with the Estonian national awakening in the mid-19th century. The first national song festival was held in Tartu in the summer of 1869.[2] One of the organisers of the first song festival was journalist and poet Johann Voldemar Jannsen. Jannsen’s daughter, Lydia Koidula, whose sobriquet means "Lydia of the Dawn", was the author of lyrics for two Estonian songs, Sind surmani ("Thee until death") and Mu isamaa on minu arm ("My fatherland is my love"), both of which are still in the festival repertoire today.

Alongside with the Estonian books and newspapers, the choirs and song celebrations were at the core of the national awakening of the Estonian rural population who discovered the value of their own language and cultural heritage through singing. The awakening and establishment of the Estonian national identity would lead to the country's independence in 1918.

In the first three festivals only men's choirs and brass orchestras participated. 822 singers and 56 brass players participated in the first festival. Starting with the fourth festival, mixed choirs were also participating. Starting with the sixth festival in 1896, the tradition moved to Tallinn.

Over time, mixed, children's, women's, and boys' choirs, hobby symphonies, and toddler choirs were added. The first Estonian national dance festival took place in the capital city Tallinn in 1934. Since 1947, the song and the dance festivals have mostly been held at the same time (at different venues) in Tallinn.

Because of the inclusion of children's and boys' choirs the total number of participants rose to 25,000 – 30,000 people. The Dance and Gymnastic Festival of the First Estonian Games started in 1934 became predecessors of later National Dance Festivals accompanying the song festival.[4]

In 2019, the number of visitors to the song festival reached its maximum. Almost 60,000 tickets were sold in advance for the XXVII song festival Minu arm ("My love") concert, and together with the 35,000 singers and musicians participating, the expected attendee numbers reached full capacity and the organizers had to stop any additional ticket sales for safety and security reasons.

The next Estonian Song Festival will be held in July 2025.

List of Song Festivals

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List of Song Festivals[5]
Song FestivalYearPlaceChoirsPerformers
I Song Festival1869Tartu51845
II Song Festival1879Tartu641,272
III Song Festival1880Tallinn48782
IV Song Festival1891Tartu1792,700
V Song Festival1894Tartu2633,951
VI Song Festival1896Tallinn4105,681
VII Song Festival1910Tallinn52710,000
VIII Song Festival1923Tallinn38610,562
IX Song Festival1928Tallinn43615,049
X Song Festival1933Tallinn50016,500
XI Song Festival1938Tallinn56917,501
XII Song Festival1947Tallinn70325,760
XIII Song Festival1950Tallinn1,10631,907
XIV Song Festival1955Tallinn89330,321
XV Song Festival1960Tallinn87529,273
XVI Song Festival1965Tallinn69025,806
XVII Song Festival1969Tallinn77130,230
XVIII Song Festival1975Tallinn64128,537
XIX Song Festival1980Tallinn62728,969
XX Song Festival1985Tallinn67726,437
XXI Song Festival1990Tallinn69028,922
XXII Song Festival1994Tallinn81125,802
XXIII Song Festival1999Tallinn85624,875
XXIV Song Festival2004Tallinn85022,759
XXV Song Festival2009Tallinn86426,430
XXVI Song Festival2014Tallinn1,046[6]33,025[6]
XXVII Song Festival2019Tallinn1,02032,302
XXVIII Song Festival2025Tallinn

See also

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Singing Revolution

References

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  1. ^ "Estonian song and dance celebration". VisitEstonia.com. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Estonian Song and Dance Celebrations Estonian Song and Dance Celebration Foundation
  3. ^ Lauluväljakul oli teisel kontserdil 110 000 inimest (110,000 people in the Song Festival Grounds during the second concert. In Estonian). Delfi
  4. ^ Dance Festival – Invented Tradition? Archived 10 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine by Marika Plakso. Estonian Institute
  5. ^ "Peod aastani 2029" (in Estonian). Laulu- ja Tantsupeo SA. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  6. ^ a b Uudiskirjad Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Eesti Laulu- ja Tantsupeo SA.
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