Demographics of Qatar

Demographics of Qatar
Demographics of Qatar
	Population pyramid of Qatar in 2022
Population	2,937,800 (2022 est.)
Growth rate	1.04% (2022 est.)
Birth rate	9.33 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate	1.42 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy	79.81 years
• male	77.7 years
• female	81.96 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate	1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate	6.62 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	14.23%
15–64 years	84.61%
65 and over	1.16%
Sex ratio
Total	3.36 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth	1.02 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.02 male(s)/female
65 and over	1.13 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Qatari
Language
Official	Arabic

Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris (Arabic: قطريون) are descended from a number of migratory Arab tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century from mainly the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. Some are descended from Omani tribes. Qatar has about 2.6 million inhabitants as of early 2017, the vast majority of whom (about 92%) live in Doha, the capital.^[1] Foreign workers amount to around 88% of the population, the largest of which comprise South Asians, with those from India alone estimated to be around 700,000.^[2] Egyptians and Filipinos are the largest non-South Asian migrant group in Qatar. The treatment of these foreign workers has been heavily criticized with conditions suggested to be modern slavery. However the International Labour Organization published report in November 2022 that contained multiple reforms by Qatar for its migrant workers. The reforms included the establishment of the minimum wage, wage protection regulations, improved access for workers to justice, etc. It included data from last 4 years of progress in workers conditions of Qatar. The report also revealed that the freedom to change jobs was initiated, implementation of Occupational safety and health & labor inspection, and also the required effort from the nation's side.^[3]

Islam is the official religion, and Islamic jurisprudence is the basis of Qatar's legal system. A significant minority religion is Hindu due to the large amount of Qatar's migrant workers coming from India.

Arabic is the official language and English is the lingua franca of business. Hindi-Urdu and Malayalam are among the most widely spoken languages by the foreign workers.^[4] Education in Qatar is compulsory and free for all citizens 6–16 years old. The country has an increasingly high literacy rate.

Population edit

2002–2022
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1986	369,079	—
1997	522,026	+3.20%
2001	676,498	+6.69%
2003	713,859	+2.72%
2004	744,028	+4.23%
2005	906,123	+21.79%
2006	1,042,947	+15.10%
2007	1,218,250	+16.81%
2008	1,448,479	+18.90%
2009	1,638,626	+13.13%
2010	1,699,435	+3.71%
2011	1,732,717	+1.96%
2012	1,832,903	+5.78%
2013	2,101,288	+14.64%
2014	2,172,065	+3.37%
2015	2,235,355	+2.91%
2016	2,291,368	+2.51%
2017	2,338,085	+2.04%
2022	2,791,925	+3.61%
Source: Qatar Statistics Authority^[5]^[6]

1950–2010
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1950	25,000	—
1960	47,000	+6.52%
1970	108,000	+8.68%
1980	222,000	+7.47%
1990	474,000	+7.88%
2000	591,000	+2.23%
2010	1,759,000	+11.52%
Source: United Nations^[7]

By nationality edit

Native Qatarians can be divided into three ethnic groups: Bedouin Arabs, Hadar, and Afro-Arab. They comprise 11.6% of the country's population.

A 2011–2014 report by the International Organization for Migration recorded 176,748 Nepali Citizens living in Qatar as migrant workers.^[8]^[9]^[10] In 2012 about 7,000 Turkish nationals lived in Qatar^[11] and in 2016 about 1,000 Colombian nationals and descendants lived in Qatar. No official numbers are published of the foreign population broken down by nationality, however a firm provided estimates as of 2019:^[12]

Country	Number	percent
India	700,000	21.8%
Bangladesh	400,000	12.5%
Nepal	400,000	12.5%
Qatar	330,000	10.5%
Egypt	300,000	9.35%
Philippines	236,000	7.36%
Pakistan	180,000	4.7%
Sri Lanka	140,000	4.35%
Sudan	60,000	1.9%
Syria	54,000	1.8%
Jordan	51,000	1.6%
Lebanon	40,000	1.25%
United States	40,000	1.25%
Kenya	30,000	1%
Iran	30,000	1%

Vital statistics edit

UN estimates edit

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR*	CDR*	NC*	TFR*	IMR*
1950–1955	1,000	0	1,000	47.5	13.8	33.7	6.97	126
1955–1960	2,000	0	1,000	44.3	11.3	33.0	6.97	110
1960–1965	2,000	1,000	2,000	41.0	8.8	32.1	6.97	90
1965–1970	4,000	1,000	3,000	38.6	6.8	31.8	6.97	71
1970–1975	5,000	1,000	4,000	34.8	5.2	29.6	6.77	53
1975–1980	7,000	1,000	6,000	35.7	4.0	31.7	6.11	38
1980–1985	10,000	1,000	9,000	33.2	3.1	30.1	5.45	28
1985–1990	11,000	1,000	10,000	25.4	2.5	22.9	4.50	23
1990–1995	11,000	1,000	10,000	22.8	2.2	20.6	4.01	18
1995–2000	10,000	1,000	9,000	19.2	2.1	17.1	3.30	14
2000–2005	13,000	1,000	12,000	18.8	1.9	16.9	3.01	11
2005–2010	18,000	2,000	16,000	14.1	1.6	12.5	2.40	9
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)
Source:^[13]

Registered births and deaths edit

	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 2)	Natural change (per 1000)	TFR
1970	108,000	3,616	464	3,152	33.4	4.3	29.1
1971	118,000	3,921	491	3,430	33.2	4.2	29.0
1972	129,000	4,038	563	3,475	31.2	4.4	26.8
1973	141,000	4,367	660	3,707	31.0	4.7	26.3
1974	152,000	4,562	688	3,874	30.0	4.5	25.5
1975	163,000	4,559	600	3,959	28.0	3.7	24.3
1976	172,000	4,893	609	4,284	28.4	3.5	24.9
1977	181,000	5,313	686	4,627	29.4	3.8	25.6
1978	190,000	5,977	645	5,332	31.4	3.4	28.0
1979	203,000	6,057	709	5,348	29.8	3.5	26.3
1980	222,000	6,750	662	6,088	30.5	3.0	27.5
1981	246,000	7,192	725	6,467	29.3	3.0	26.3
1982	275,000	8,032	789	7,243	29.2	2.9	26.3
1983	307,000	8,261	803	7,458	26.9	2.6	24.3
1984	338,000	8,613	642	7,971	25.5	1.9	23.6
1985	368,000	9,225	794	8,431	25.1	2.2	22.9
1986	395,000	9,942	784	9,158	25.2	2.0	23.2
1987	420,000	9,919	788	9,131	23.6	1.9	21.7
1988	442,000	10,842	861	9,981	24.5	1.9	22.6
1989	460,000	10,908	847	10,061	23.7	1.8	21.9
1990	474,000	11,022	871	10,151	23.3	1.8	21.5
1991	483,000	9,756	883	8,873	20.2	1.8	18.4
1992	488,000	10,459	944	9,515	21.4	1.9	19.5
1993	491,000	10,822	913	9,909	22.0	1.9	20.1
1994	495,000	10,561	964	9,597	21.3	1.9	19.4
1995	501,000	10,371	1,000	9,371	20.7	2.0	18.7
1996	512,000	10,317	1,015	9,302	20.1	2.0	18.1
1997	529,000	10,447	1,060	9,387	19.8	2.0	17.8
1998	549,000	10,781	1,157	9,624	19.6	2.1	17.5
1999	570,000	10,846	1,148	9,698	19.0	2.0	17.0
2000	591,000	11,438	1,173	10,265	19.4	2.0	17.4
2001	608,000	12,355	1,210	11,145	20.3	2.0	18.3
2002	624,000	12,388	1,220	11,168	19.8	2.0	17.8
2003	654,000	13,026	1,311	11,715	19.9	2.0	17.9
2004	715,000	13,589	1,341	12,248	19.0	1.9	17.1	2.78
2005	821,000	13,514	1,545	11,969	16.5	1.9	14.6	2.62
2006	978,000	14,204	1,750	12,454	14.5	1.8	12.7	2.48
2007	1,178,000	15,695	1,776	13,919	13.3	1.5	11.8	2.45
2008	1,448,000	17,480	1,942	15,538	12.1	1.3	10.8	2.43
2009	1,639,000	18,351	2,008	16,343	11.2	1.2	10.0	2.28
2010	1,715,000	19,504	1,970	17,534	11.4	1.1	10.3	2.08
2011	1,733,000	20,623	1,949	18,674	12.0	1.1	10.9	2.12
2012	1,833,000	21,423	2,031	19,392	11.7	1.1	10.6	2.05
2013	2,004,000	23,708	2,133	21,575	11.8	1.1	10.7	2.00
2014	2,216,000	25,443	2,366	23,007	11.5	1.1	10.4	2.00
2015	2,438,000	26,622	2,317	24,305	10.9	1.0	9.9	2.00
2016	2,618,000	26,816	2,347	24,469	10.2	0.9	9.3	1.85
2017	2,725,000	27,906	2,294	25,612	10.2	0.8	9.4	1.83
2018	2,760,000	28,069	2,385	25,684	10.2	0.9	9.3	1.75
2019	2,799,000	28,412	2,200	26,212	10.2	0.8	9.4	1.73
2020	2,834,000	29,014	2,811	26,203	10.2	1.0	9.2	1.67
2021	2,748,000	26,319	2,841	23,478	9.6	1.0	8.5	1.60
2022	2,932,000	26,316	2,792	23,524	9.0	1.0	8.0	1.51
2023	3,063,000	27,414	2,651	24,763	9.0	0.9	8.1
Sources:^[14]^[15]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019):^[16]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	2 064 276	734 926	2 799 202	100
0–4	74 902	71 724	146 626	5.24
5–9	71 614	69 267	140 881	5.03
10–14	56 637	54 291	110 928	3.96
15–19	47 897	38 313	86 210	3.08
20–24	205 862	44 382	250 244	8.94
25–29	352 616	92 515	445 131	15.90
30–34	393 644	109 435	503 079	17.97
35–39	319 713	89 034	408 747	14.60
40–44	211 372	62 490	273 862	9.78
45–49	145 216	39 577	184 793	6.60
50–54	86 415	25 298	111 713	3.99
55–59	51 306	16 530	67 836	2.42
60–64	26 902	9 875	36 777	1.31
65–69	10 744	5 365	16 109	0.58
70–74	4 905	3 154	8 059	0.29
75–79	2 703	2 031	4 734	0.17
80+	1 828	1 645	3 473	0.12
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	203 153	195 282	398 435	14.23
15–64	1 840 943	527 449	2 368 392	84.61
65+	20 180	12 195	32 375	1.16

Life expectancy edit

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	55.2	1985–1990	74.5
1955–1960	59.2	1990–1995	75.3
1960–1965	62.9	1995–2000	76.0
1965–1970	66.6	2000–2005	76.6
1970–1975	69.7	2005–2010	76.9
1975–1980	71.8	2010–2015	77.6
1980–1985	73.4
Source: UN World Population Prospects^[17]

Religions edit

Islam 67.7% (Official)^[18]
Hindus 15.1%
Christian 13.8%
Buddhist 3.1%
Non religious 1.9%

Languages edit

Arabic is the official language of Qatar according to Article 1 of the Constitution.^[19]

English is the de facto second language of Qatar, and is very commonly used in business. Because of Qatar's varied ethnic landscape, English has been recognized as the most convenient medium for people of different backgrounds to communicate with each other.^[20] The history of English use in the country dates back to the mid-19th and early 20th centuries when the British Empire would frequently draft treaties and agreements with the emirates of the Persian Gulf. One such treaty was the 1916 protectorate treaty signed between Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani and the British representative Percy Cox, under which Qatar would be placed under British administration in exchange for protection. Another agreement drafted in English came in 1932 and was signed between the Qatarian government and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. These agreements were mainly facilitated by foreign interpreters due to neither party possessing the required language skills for such complex arrangements. For instance, a translator and native Arabic speaker named A. A. Hilmy interpreted the 1932 agreement for Qatar.^[21]

Hindi, Urdu, Tagalog, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam are commonly used among Asian migrants. In 2015, there were more newspapers being printed by the government in Malayalam than in Arabic or English.^[22]

Genetics edit

Y-chromosome DNA edit

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Qatarian Y-chromosome in large belongs to haplogroup J which comprises two thirds of the total chromosomes^[23]

J1 ≈58.3%
J2 ≈8.3%
E* ≈7.0% — E(xE1b1b)
R1a ≈6.9%
E1b1b ≈5.6%
Other Haplogroups ≈13.9%

Mitochondrial DNA edit

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the female lineage The Qatarian mitochondrial DNA shows much more diversity than the Y-DNA lineages, with more than 35% of the lineages showing African ancestry (East African & Subsaharan) & the rest of the lineages being Eurasian.^[24]

R0 ~ 22% (14% R0*, 8% H)
JT ~ 22% (18% J & 4% T)
UK ~ 20% (11% K & 9% U)
L3 ~ 10% (East African & Subsaharan lineages)
Other lineages ~ 26%

References edit

^ "Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics". Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ "Population of Qatar by nationality – 2017 report". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ "Four years of labour reforms in Qatar". www.ilo.org. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
^ "Qatar Tourist Guide". Retrieved 15 February 2012.
^ "Qatar Planning and Statistics Authority – Monthly Figures on Total Population".
^ "Qatar Statistics Authority – Population 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Nepalese Migrant workers in Qatar from Terai". Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "Iom International Report claims half of Nepalese migrant workers in foreign are Madhesi people from Terai, mainly to Qatar, Malaysia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and UAE". Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
^ "Half of madhesi people of Terai are in Qatar".
^ "Turkish school in Qatar to help spread Turkish culture" (Archive). Today's Zaman. Wednesday February 29, 2012. Retrieved on September 26, 2015.
^ "Population of Qatar by nationality in 2019". Priya DSouza Communications. 15 August 2019. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ [1] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
^ "Domains". Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015. Qatar Information Exchange]
^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 15 July 2017.
^ "CIA Factbook – Qatar". 21 April 2022.
^ "Qatar's Constitution of 2003" (PDF). Constitute Project. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
^ The Report: Qatar 2015. Oxford Business Group. 2015. p. 12. ISBN 9781910068274.
^ Qotbah, Mohammed Abdullah (1990). Needs analysis and the design of courses in English for academic purposes : a study of the use of English language at the University of Qatar (PDF). etheses.dur.ac.uk (Thesis). Durham theses, Durham University. p. 8. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
^ The Report: Qatar 2015. Oxford Business Group. 2015. p. 15. ISBN 9781910068274.
^ Cadenas et al. 2007
^ Rowold et al. 2007