Dark-sky preserve

(Redirected from Dark Sky Preserve)

A dark-sky preserve (DSP) is an area, usually surrounding a park or observatory, that restricts or reduces light pollution or maintains and protects naturally dark night skies. Different terms have been used to describe these areas as national organizations and governments have worked independently to create programs. DarkSky International (DarkSky) uses "International Dark Sky Reserve" (IDSR) and "International Dark Sky Park" (IDSP) among others when certifying Dark Sky Places.[2]

A dark-sky preserve status enables high-quality astronomical observation in Paranal Observatory.[1]

History edit

DarkSky International was founded in 1988 to reserve public or private land for an exquisite outlook of nocturnal territories and starry night skies. Dark-sky preserves are specifically conserved for their cultural, scientific, natural, or educational value and public enjoyment.[3]

In 2007, the Mont Mégantic Observatory in Quebec was the first site to be certified as an International Dark Sky Reserve by DarkSky.[4] The same year, Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah became the first International Dark Sky Park.[5] The Gabriela Mistral Dark Sky Sanctuary in the Elqui Valley of Chile was designated as the world's first International Dark Sky Sanctuary in 2015.[6]

A dark-sky preserve, or dark-sky reserve, should be sufficiently dark to promote astronomy. The lighting protocol for a dark-sky preserve is based on the sensitivity of wildlife to artificial light at night.[7]

Canada has established an extensive and stringent standard for dark-sky preserves, that addresses lighting within dark-sky preserves and influences from skyglow from urban areas in the region. This was based on the work of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.

Dark Sky Places edit

DarkSky International's Dark Sky Places program currently offers five types of designations:[2]

  • International Dark Sky Communities – Communities are legally organized cities and towns that adopt quality outdoor lighting ordinances and undertake efforts to educate residents about the importance of dark skies.
  • International Dark Sky Parks – Parks are publicly or privately owned spaces protected for natural conservation that implement good outdoor lighting and provide dark sky programs for visitors.
  • International Dark Sky Reserves – Reserves consist of a dark "core" zone surrounded by a populated periphery where policy controls are enacted to protect the darkness of the core. These sites are established by a partnership of multiple land managers.
  • International Dark Sky Sanctuaries – Sanctuaries are the most remote (and often darkest) places in the world whose conservation state is most fragile. The geographic isolation of these places significantly limits opportunities for outreach, so this designation is designed to increase awareness of these sites and promote their long-term conservation.
  • Urban Night Sky Places – These places do not qualify for designation within any other category but are recognized for their efforts to educate the public on the benefits of proper outdoor lighting that ensures safety while minimizing potential harm to the natural nighttime environment. Urban Night Sky Places can be municipal parks, open spaces, or similar properties near or surrounded by an urban environment, but whose planning and design actively promote an authentic nighttime experience in the midst of significant artificial light.

Dark Sky Developments of Distinction recognize subdivisions, master planned communities, and unincorporated neighborhoods and townships whose planning actively promotes a more natural night sky but does not qualify them for the International Dark Sky Community designation. This designation was retired in 2020.[8]

Further designations include "Dark Sky Nation", given to the Kaibab Indian Reservation,[9] and "Parashant International Night Sky Province-Window to the Cosmos", given to Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument.[10]

Dark sky preserves, reserves, and parks edit

As of January 2023, there are 201 certified Dark Sky Places globally: 38 Communities, 115 Parks, 20 Reserves, 16 Sanctuaries, 6 Developments of Distinction and 6 Urban Night Sky Places.[11]

CountryNameLocationArea (in ha)Bortle ScaleStatusNotes
 AustraliaThe Jump-Up, Australian Age of DinosaursQueensland1,4001–2Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated on April 27, 2019
 AustraliaWarrumbungle National ParkNew South Wales23,3121Dark Sky ParkDesignated on July 4, 2016
 AustraliaArkaroola Wilderness SanctuarySouth Australia63,000Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated July 2023[12]
 AustraliaRiver Murray Dark Sky ReserveSouth Australia320,0002Dark Sky ReserveDesignated October 2019 (gold tier) [13][14]
 AustriaNaturpark Attersee-TraunseeUpper Austria10,6003Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2021[15]
 BrazilDesengano State ParkRio de Janeiro22,4004Dark Sky ParkDesignated December 2021
 CanadaBeaver HillsAlberta29,3004.5Dark Sky PreserveDesignated on September 3, 2006
 CanadaCypress HillsAlberta / Saskatchewan39,6002Designated on September 28, 2004[16]
 CanadaJasper National ParkAlberta1,122,8001–2Dark Sky PreserveDesignated on March 11, 2011[17]
 Canada  United StatesWaterton-Glacier International Peace ParkAlberta / Montana460,6003Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2017[18]
 CanadaWood Buffalo National Park[19]Alberta / NWT4,480,7001–2UNESCO World Heritage
Dark Sky Preserve
Designated on June 28, 2013[20]
 CanadaCattle PointOak Bay, British Columbia5Urban Star ParkDesignated March 29, 2013[21]
 CanadaMcDonald ParkBritish Columbia52–3Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2003
 CanadaFundy National ParkNew Brunswick20,7002Dark Sky PreserveDesignated on October 31, 2011[22]
 CanadaIrving Nature ParkSaint John, New Brunswick243Urban Star ParkDesignated on July 1, 2011; First RASC-designated Urban Star Park
 CanadaKouchibouguac National ParkNew Brunswick23,9202Designated on June 6, 2009[23]
 CanadaMount Carleton Provincial ParkNew Brunswick17,4272Designated on July 18, 2009[24]
 CanadaKejimkujik National ParkNova Scotia40,4002Designated on August 7, 2010[25]
 CanadaBluewater Outdoor Education CentreOntario1292Designated on November 3, 2012, by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
 CanadaBruce Peninsula Fathom Five National Marine ParkOntario16,7002–3Designated on March 29, 2009
 CanadaGordon's ParkOntario43.72–3Dark Sky PreserveDesignated on August 15, 2009; designation is only for the Park though Manitoulin Island (276,611 ha) follows dark-sky practices[26]
 CanadaLake Superior Provincial ParkOntario155,6001-2Designated in July 2018 [27]
 CanadaKillarney Provincial ParkOntario64,5001-2Designated in May 2018 [28]
 CanadaNorth Frontenac TownshipOntario116,0001–2Designated on August 3, 2013, first Municipality in Canada to achieve Dark Sky Preserve Status.
 CanadaPoint Pelee National ParkOntario2,0003–4Designated in 2006
 CanadaQuetico Provincial ParkOntario471,8002-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated February 2021
 CanadaTorrance BarrensOntario1,9063Designated in 1999; first Canadian dark sky preserve
 CanadaMont Mégantic ObservatoryQuebec527,5002–3Dark Sky ReserveDesignated Sept. 2007; first IDA International Dark-Sky Reserve[29]
 CanadaParc du Mont-BellevueQuebec1595Urban Night Sky PlaceDesignated September 2022[30]
 CanadaMont-Tremblant National ParkQuebec146,600Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2023
 CanadaGrasslands National ParkSaskatchewan92,1001Designated on October 2, 2009[31]
 ChileGabriela MistralElqui Valley36,400Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated in 2015[32]
 CroatiaJelsaHvar12,120Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2022
 CroatiaPetrova Gora-Biljeg2,930Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2019[33]
 CroatiaVrani kamen8,0002Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2019[34]
 Czech Republic
 Slovakia
Beskydy Dark-Sky ParkMoravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic
Čadca District, Slovakia
30,8003–4Designated on March 4, 2013; The second world's bilateral dark-sky park[35]
 Czech RepublicManětín Dark-Sky ParkPlzeň Region34,6003–5Designated on September 15, 2014[36]
 Czech Republic
 Poland
Izera Dark-Sky ParkLiberec Region, Czech Republic
Lower Silesia, Poland
7,5003–4Designated on November 4, 2009; the first European dark-sky park and the first world's bilateral dark-sky park[37]
 DenmarkDark Sky Park BulbjergFrøstrup1,2503Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2023[38]
 DenmarkMandø846Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2024[39]
 DenmarkMøn and NyordZealand1,1002Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2017
 FrancePic du Midi de BigorreHautes-Pyrénées311,2002–4Dark Sky ReserveDesignated an IDA International Dark Sky Reserve in December 2013; First IDA International Dark Sky Reserve in Europe.[40]
 FranceAlpes Azur MercantourBeuil225,000Dark Sky ReserveDesignated in 2019.[41]
 FranceCévennes National ParkCévennes360,000Dark Sky ReserveDesignated in 2018.[42]
 FranceRegional Natural Park of Millevaches in LimousinMillevaches335,000Dark Sky ReserveDesignated in 2021.[43]
 GermanyWinklmoosalmBavaria792Dark Sky ParkDesignated May 2018[44]
 GermanyWesthavelland Nature ParkBrandenburg152,900Dark Sky ReserveDesignated an IDA International Dark Sky Reserve on February 12, 2014[45]
 GermanyEifel National ParkNorth Rhine-Westphalia10,7002-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2014[46]
 GermanyRhön Biosphere ReserveRhön Mountains172,0003Dark Sky ReserveDesignated in 2014.[47]
 GreeceAenos National ParkCephalonia2,8603Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2023[48]
 HungaryBükk National ParkBükk Mountains43,1304Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2017
 HungaryHortobágy Starry Sky ParkVarious counties10,0003Dark Sky ParkDesignated on January 31, 2011; IDA's third international dark-sky park (Silver tier)[49]
 HungaryZselic National Landscape Protection AreaSomogy County / Baranya County9,0423Dark Sky ParkDesignated on November 16, 2009
 IndiaIndian Astronomical ObservatoryHanle in Ladakh70,000Designated in September 2022.[50][51]
 IrelandKerry International Dark-Sky ReserveIveragh Peninsula, County Kerry70,0001–3Dark Sky ReserveDesignated an IDA International Dark Sky Reserve on January 27, 2014[52]
 IsraelMakhtesh RamonSouthern District110,0002–3Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 14, 2017[53]
 JapanMinami-RokuroshiFukui Prefecture1,230Urban Night Sky PlaceDesignated August 2023[54]
 JapanBisei Town, Ibara CityOkayama Prefecture72714.5Dark Sky CommunityDesignated November 2021[55]
 JapanIriomote-Ishigaki National ParkOkinawa Prefecture40,6584Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2018
 JapanKozushima Dark Sky IslandOshima Subprefecture1,8582-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated November 2020
 MexicoJoya-La Barreta Ecological ParkQuerétaro245Urban Night Sky PlaceDesignated September 2023[56]
 Mexico  United StatesGreater Big Bend International Dark Sky ReserveChihuahua / Coahuila / Texas3,885,0003Dark Sky ReserveDesignated April 2022[57]
 NamibiaNamibRand Nature ReserveHardap Region202,200Dark Sky ReserveDesignated in 2012.
 The NetherlandsDe BoschplaatTerschelling, Friesland2,4003Dark Sky ParkDesignated on October 7, 2016
 The NetherlandsLauwersmeerFriesland5,0004Dark Sky ParkDesignated October 2016
 New ZealandAoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky ReserveAoraki / Mount Cook National Park, Mackenzie Basin, Lake Tekapo, Lake Pukaki436,7003Dark Sky ReserveDesignated on June 9, 2012[58][59]
 New ZealandAotea / Great Barrier IslandGreat Barrier Island28,5002Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated in 2017[60]
 New ZealandOxford Forest Conservation AreaNorth Canterbury11,350Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2024[61]
 New ZealandStewart Island-RakiuraStewart Island174,6002Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated in 2019[62]
 New ZealandWai-iti Dark Sky ParkTasman District1353Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2020[63]
 New ZealandWairarapa Dark Sky ReserveWairarapa366,5002Dark Sky ReserveDesignated in 2023[64]
 NiueNiueNiue25,9002Dark Sky Sanctuary / Dark Sky CommunityDesignated in 2020. First whole country to become an International Dark Sky Place.[65]
 PolandBieszczady Starry-Sky ParkSubcarpathia113,8462–3Designated on March 8, 2013[66]
 PolandSopotnia WielkaSilesian VoivodeshipDark Sky CommunityDesignated November 2023[67]
 Poland
 Slovakia
 Ukraine
East Carpathian Dark-Sky TriparkBieszczady Starry-Sky Park (Poland)
Poloniny Dark-Sky Park (Slovakia)
Transcarpathian Dark-Sky Park (Ukraine)
208,6672–3Designated on September 9, 2016; first world's trilateral dark-sky park
 SlovakiaPoloniny Dark-Sky ParkPoloniny National Park48,5192–3Designated on December 3, 2010[68]
 SlovakiaVeľká Fatra Dark-Sky ParkVeľká Fatra National Park (part of)3253–4Designated on June 12, 2015[69]
 South Africa!Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage ParkKgalagadi Transfrontier Park95,000Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated in 2019[70]
 South KoreaYeongyang Firefly Eco ParkNorth Gyeongsang Province, Yeongyang County3904Dark Sky ParkDesignated on November 1, 2015[71]
 SpainAlbanyàCatalonia9,4402-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2017
 UkraineTranscarpathian Dark-Sky ParkUzhansky National Nature Park46,3022Designated on June 10, 2016
 United KingdomSarkChannel Islands5453Dark Sky CommunityDesignated on January 31, 2011; IDA's first international dark-sky island (Silver tier)[49][72]
 United KingdomBodmin Moor Dark Sky LandscapeCornwall43,4003Dark Sky ParkDesignated July 2017
 United KingdomWest PenwithCornwall13,5843-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated December 2021
 United KingdomExmoor National ParkDevon / Somerset18,1003Dark Sky ReserveDesignated October 10, 2011
 United KingdomCranborne Chase National LandscapeDorset / Hampshire / Wiltshire98,3004-4.5Dark Sky Reserve (Provisional)Designated October 2019
 United KingdomMoore’s ReserveHampshire / Sussex162,7004.5Dark Sky ReserveDesignated May 2016
 United KingdomGalloway Forest ParkScotland75,0003Dark Sky ParkDesignated on November 16, 2009[73]
 United KingdomIsle of CollScotland7,7001Dark Sky CommunityDesignated on December 9, 2013[74]
 United KingdomMoffatScotland18,7004Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2016
 United KingdomNorth Ronaldsay Dark Sky IslandScotland7005Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2021
 United KingdomTomintoul and Glenlivet – Cairngorms National ParkScotland24,4003-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2018
 United KingdomOM Dark Sky Park and ObservatoryNorthern Ireland1,4021-2Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 2020[75]
 United KingdomNorthumberland International Dark Sky ParkNorthumberland148,2004Dark Sky ParkDesignated on December 9, 2013[76][77]
 United KingdomNorth York Moors National ParkNorth Yorkshire143,6004Dark Sky ReserveDesignated December 2020
 United KingdomYorkshire Dales National ParkNorth Yorkshire218,0004-4.5Dark Sky ReserveDesignated 2020
 United KingdomMata ki te Rangi (Eyes To the Sky)Pitcairn Islands4,3251Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated March 18, 2019[78]
 United KingdomBardsey Island (Ynys Enlli)Wales1792Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated February 22, 2023[79]
 United KingdomBrecon Beacons (Bannau Brycheiniog) National ParkWales134,7004Dark Sky ReserveDesignated February 19, 2013
 United KingdomElan Valley EstateWales18,0003-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2015[80]
 United KingdomSnowdonia National Park (Eryri)Wales213,2004Dark Sky ReserveDesignated 2015[81]
 United KingdomPresteigne and Norton Dark Sky CommunityWales4,000Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2023
 United StatesChiricahua National MonumentArizona4,8601Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2021[82]
 United StatesFlagstaffArizona17,1005Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2001, first Dark Sky Place certified by the IDA[83]
 United StatesSunset Crater Volcano National Monument /

Walnut Canyon National Monument /Wupatki National Monument

Arizona17,5003Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2016[84]
 United StatesFountain HillsArizona5,2706Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2018
 United StatesGrand Canyon National ParkArizona493,1001-2Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2016[85]
 United StatesGrand Canyon-Parashant National MonumentArizona404,7001Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2014[86]
 United StatesKartchner Caverns State ParkArizona2903Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2017
 United StatesOracle State ParkArizona1,6194Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2014[87]
 United StatesPetrified Forest National ParkArizona59,4603Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2018
 United StatesPipe Spring National MonumentArizona163Dark Sky ParkDesignated March 2021
 United StatesSedonaArizona4,9704Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2014[88]
 United StatesAnza-Borrego Desert State ParkCalifornia237,1004Dark Sky ParkDesignated January 2018
 United StatesDeath Valley National ParkCalifornia1,374,3003Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2013[89]
 United StatesJoshua Tree National ParkCalifornia321,8004Dark Sky ParkDesignated July 26, 2017[90]
 United StatesBlack Canyon of the Gunnison National ParkColorado12,4403Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2015[91]
 United StatesCurecanti National Recreation AreaColorado17,0033Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2021[92]
 United StatesDinosaur National MonumentColorado / Utah85,0983Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2019[93]
 United StatesFlorissant Fossil Beds National MonumentColorado2,4274Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2021
 United StatesGreat Sand Dunes National Park and PreserveColorado60,3102Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2019
 United StatesHovenweep National MonumentColorado / Utah3102Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2014
 United StatesJackson Lake State ParkColorado1,3203-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 2020
 United StatesLake Fork Earth and Sky CenterColorado242Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 2020
 United StatesMesa Verde National ParkColorado21,2003Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2021
 United StatesNorwoodColorado1045Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2019
 United StatesTop of the PinesColorado712-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated November 2021[94]
 United StatesBig Cypress National PreserveFlorida290,0003Dark Sky Park [95]Designated 2016
 United StatesKissimmee Prairie Preserve State ParkFlorida21,853[96]3Dark Sky Park[95]Designated 2016
 United StatesStephen C. Foster State ParkGeorgia322Dark Sky ParkDesignated November 2016[97]
 United StatesCentral Idaho Dark Sky ReserveIdaho366,7423Dark Sky ReserveDesignated December 2017[98]
 United StatesCraters of the Moon National MonumentIdaho303,5003Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2017[99]
 United StatesMiddle Fork River Forest PreserveIllinois6884Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2018[100]
 United StatesPotawatomi Wildlife ParkIndiana1164.5Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2003[101]
 United StatesAppalachian Mountain Club’s Maine WoodsMaine29,9003Dark Sky ParkDesignated May 2021[102]
 United StatesKatahdin Woods and Waters National MonumentMaine35,4003Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated May 2020
 United StatesBeaver Island State Wildlife Research AreaMichigan3,720Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated April 2024[103]
 United StatesDr. T.K. Lawless County ParkMichigan3404.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated January 2020[104]
 United StatesThe HeadlandsMichigan2204Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2011[105]
 United StatesKeweenaw Dark Sky ParkMichigan2263Dark Sky ParkDesignated in June 2022
 United StatesLake Hudson State Recreation AreaMichigan8903Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 1993[106]
 United StatesNegwegon State ParkMichigan1,513Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2016[107]
 United StatesPort Crescent State ParkMichigan2,4003Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2012[108]
 United StatesRockport Recreation AreaMichigan4,800Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2016[109]
 United StatesThompson's Harbor State ParkMichigan2,0682Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2016[110]
 United StatesWilderness State ParkMichigan4,2542Dark Sky PreserveDesignated in 2012[111]
 United StatesBoundary Waters Canoe Area WildernessMinnesota440,0001Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated in 2020[112]
 United StatesVoyageurs National ParkMinnesota88,2004Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2020
 United StatesLost Trail National Wildlife RefugeMontana3,730Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated October 2022[113]
 United StatesMedicine Rocks State ParkMontana1401Dark Sky ParkDesignated December 2020[114]
 United StatesMerritt Reservoir State Recreation AreaNebraska2953-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2022
 United StatesGreat Basin National ParkNevada31,2301Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2016[115]
 United StatesMassacre Rim Wilderness Study AreaNevada40,9902-3Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated April 2019
 United StatesCapulin Volcano National MonumentNew Mexico3202Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2016[116]
 United StatesChaco Culture National Historical ParkNew Mexico13,7592–3[117]Dark Sky ParkDesignated on August 28, 2013[118]
 United StatesClayton Lake State ParkNew Mexico79.63Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 29, 2010[119]
 United StatesEl Morro National MonumentNew Mexico5173Dark Sky ParkDesignated December 2019
 United StatesFort Union National MonumentNew Mexico2902-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 2019
 United StatesSalinas Pueblo Missions National MonumentNew Mexico3992Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 2016
 United StatesTonto National MonumentNew Mexico4504-4.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated May 2019
 United StatesTumacácori National Historical ParkNew Mexico1504-4.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated May 2018
 United StatesValle de Oro National Wildlife RefugeNew Mexico2306Urban Night Sky PlaceDesignated October 2019
 United StatesValles Caldera National PreserveNew Mexico361003Dark Sky ParkDesignated February 2021
 United StatesGeauga Observatory ParkOhio4504Dark Sky ParkDesignated on August 20, 2011[120]
 United StatesOregon OutbackOregon1,007,421Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated on March 11, 2024[121]
 United StatesPrineville Reservoir State ParkOregon1202-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated May 2021
 United StatesCherry Springs State ParkPennsylvania4302[122]Dark Sky ParkDesignated as a State DSP in 2000 by the Pennsylvania DCNR;
Designated as an International DSP on June 11, 2007, by the IDA.
 United StatesBee CaveTexas2,2219Dark Sky CommunityDesignated 2023
 United StatesBig Bend National ParkTexas324,2193-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated February 11, 2012[123]
 United StatesBig Bend Ranch State ParkTexas125,8002-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated November 2017[124]
 United StatesBlack Gap Wildlife Management AreaTexas41,6803Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated August 2021[125]
 United StatesCopper Breaks State ParkTexas7823Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 6, 2014[126]
 United StatesDevils River State Natural Area — Del Norte UnitTexas8,0302-3Dark Sky SanctuaryDesignated January 2019
 United StatesDripping SpringsTexas30,3005Dark Sky CommunityDesignated February 11, 2014[127]
 United StatesEnchanted Rock State Natural AreaTexas6822Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 6, 2014[126]
 United StatesLyndon B. Johnson National Historical ParkTexas6403Dark Sky ParkDesignated November 2021
 United StatesMilton Reimers Ranch ParkTexas9824.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated November 2021[128]
 United StatesUBarU Camp and Retreat CenterTexas57.52–3Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2015; only DSP in the USA on private land[129]
 United StatesAntelope Island State ParkUtah11,6604.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2017[130]
 United StatesArches National ParkUtah31,0003-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated July 2019[131]
 United StatesBryce Canyon National ParkUtah14,5002-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2019[132]
 United StatesCanyonlands National ParkUtah136,5002-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2015[133]
 United StatesCapitol Reef National ParkUtah99,0001Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2015[134]
 United StatesCedar Breaks National MonumentUtah2,4903Dark Sky ParkDesignated March 2017[135]
 United StatesDead Horse Point State ParkUtah2,1703Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2016[136]
 United StatesEast Canyon State ParkUtah2954Dark Sky ParkDesignated August 2020
 United StatesFremont Indian State ParkUtah4862-3Dark Sky ParkDesignated March 2021
 United StatesGoblin Valley State ParkUtah40123-4Dark Sky ParkDesignated September 2016
 United StatesGoosenecks State ParkUtah404Dark Sky ParkDesignated March 2021
 United StatesJordanelle State ParkUtah2,7104.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated January 2021
 United StatesNatural Bridges National MonumentUtah3,0902Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2007; first international dark-sky park[5]
 United StatesNorth Fork ParkUtah1,0004.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated 2015[137]
 United StatesRainbow Bridge National MonumentUtah41,4005Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2018
 United StatesRockport State ParkUtah4804Dark Sky ParkDesignated January 2021
 United StatesTimpanogos Cave National MonumentUtah1005Urban Night Sky PlaceDesignated September 2020
 United StatesZion National ParkUtah58,8003Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 2021[138]
 United StatesSky Meadows State ParkVirginia7544.5Dark Sky ParkDesignated April 2021[139]
 United StatesGoldendale ObservatoryWashington2Dark Sky ParkDesignated June 29, 2010[119]
 United StatesNewport State ParkWisconsin9603Dark Sky ParkDesignated in 2017[140][141]

Protected zones edit

Around observatories edit

NameCountryRadius (in km)
Mount John University ObservatoryNew Zealand37
Kitt PeakUS56
Mont Mégantic ObservatoryCanada50
Palomar ObservatoryUS48
Mount HopkinsUS40
Monte Ekar ObservatoryItaly30
Asiago Astrophysical ObservatoryItaly30
Mount LagunaUS24
Observatoire de Haute-ProvenceFrance15
Ondřejov ObservatoryCzech Republic10
KleťCzech Republic10
Dominion Astrophysical ObservatoryCanada5
McDonald ObservatoryUS92
Molėtai Astronomical ObservatoryLithuania3.5

Other edit

Some regions, like the following, are protected without any reference to an observatory or a park.

By country edit

Canada edit

In the Canadian program, lighting within the area must be strictly controlled to minimize the impact of artificial lighting on wildlife. These guidelines are more stringent than in other countries that lack the extensive wilderness areas that still exist in Canada. The management of a Canadian DSP extends their outreach programs from the public that visit the site to include the promotion of better lighting policies in surrounding urban areas. Currently, dark-sky preserves have more control over internal and external lighting than other programs.

With the increase in regional light pollution, some observatories have actively worked with cities in their region to establish protection zones where there is controlled light pollution. These areas may not yet have been declared dark-sky preserves.

Although dark-sky preserve designations are generally sought by astronomers, it is clear that preserving natural darkness has positive effects on the health of nocturnal wildlife within the parks. For example, the nocturnal black-footed ferret was reintroduced to the Grasslands National Park dark-sky preserve and the success of the reintroduction is enhanced by the pristine natural darkness maintained within the park by the DSP agreement.[143]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Rise of the Milky Way". Eso.org. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
  2. ^ a b Harrison, Amber (2023-07-25). "Dark Sky Place types". darksky.org. DarkSky International.
  3. ^ "International Dark Sky Reserves". International Dark-Sky Association. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  4. ^ "First International Dark Sky Reserve Is Announced in Québec!" (PDF). International Dark-Sky Association. September 21, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 15, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
  5. ^ a b "Natural Bridges National Monument | DarkSky International". darksky.org. 2015-04-24.
  6. ^ "Chilean Astronomical Site Becomes World's First International Dark Sky Sanctuary". IDA. August 9, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  7. ^ "Royal Astronomical Society of Canada: Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting in Dark-sky Preserves (RASC-DSP-GOL)" (PDF). rasc.ca. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  8. ^ Harrison, Amber (2014-10-22). "Dark Sky Friendly Developments of Distinction". darksky.org. DarkSky International.
  9. ^ Hunter, Tim (August 28, 2015). "The World's First IDA Dark Sky Nation". IDA. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  10. ^ "Parashant Receives International Dark Sky Status". National Park Service. February 21, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  11. ^ "International Dark Sky Places". International Dark-Sky Association. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
  12. ^ "Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary | DarkSky International". darksky.org. 2023-06-16.
  13. ^ "About Us". River Murray Dark Sky Reserve. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  14. ^ "The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA)". International Dark-Sky Association. November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  15. ^ "Naturpark Attersee-Traunsee | DarkSky International". darksky.org. 2021-04-08.
  16. ^ "Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Designated as a Dark Sky Preserve". Government of Saskatchewan. October 8, 2004. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
  17. ^ "Jasper National Park named world's largest dark sky preserve". Parks Canada. March 11, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  18. ^ "Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park | DarkSky International". darksky.org. 2017-04-28.
  19. ^ "Wood Buffalo National Park". Parks Canada. August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  20. ^ Thompson, Deborah (August 2, 2013). "RASC Designates Wood Buffalo National Park as a New Dark Sky Preserve". RASC Announcements. Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  21. ^ "Cattle Point National Urban Star Park Approved, BC Meteor Network news release, March 29, 2013". Bcmeteors.net. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  22. ^ "Fundy National Park a Dark Sky Preserve". Parks Canada. June 6, 2009. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
  23. ^ "Kouchibouguac National Park a Dark Sky Preserve". Parks Canada. June 6, 2009. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  24. ^ "esignation requires limited artificial light to protect night skies from light pollution". CanadaEast.com. July 18, 2009. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
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