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Ceann Comhairle

The Ceann Comhairle (Irish: [ˌcaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːɾˠl̠ʲə] ⓘ; "Head of [the] Council"; plural usually Cinn Comhairle [ˌciːn̠ʲ ˈkoːɾˠl̠ʲə]) is the chairperson[2] (or speaker)[2] of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of Ireland. The person who holds the position is elected by members of the Dáil from among their number in the first session after each general election. The Ceann Comhairle since 10 March 2016 has been Seán Ó Fearghaíl, Fianna Fáil TD. The Leas-Cheann Comhairle since 23 July 2020 has been Catherine Connolly, Independent TD.

Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann
Incumbent
Seán Ó Fearghaíl
since 10 March 2016
Dáil Éireann
StatusPresiding officer
Member of
SeatLeinster House, Dublin
NominatorAt least seven TDs at start of a new term after a general election
AppointerDáil Éireann following election by secret ballot.
Term lengthUntil the end of the current Dáil. No term limits are imposed on the office.
Constituting instrumentArticle 15 – Constitution of Ireland
Inaugural holderCathal Brugha
Formation21 January 1919
DeputyLeas-Cheann Comhairle
Salary€227,448 annually[1]
WebsiteOfficial website

Overview edit

The Ceann Comhairle is expected to observe strict impartiality. Despite this, a government usually tries to select a member of its own political party for the position, if it has enough deputies to allow that choice. In order to protect the neutrality of the chair, the Constitution of Ireland provides that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle does not seek re-election as a Teachta Dála (Deputy to the Dáil), but rather is deemed automatically to have been re-elected by their constituency at that general election, unless they are retiring.[a] As a consequence, the constituency that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle represents elects one fewer TD in a general election than its usual entitlement, but still has the same number of TDs.[4] Under standing orders, no member of the government or Minister of State may act as Ceann Comhairle or Leas-Cheann Comhairle.

The Ceann Comhairle does not take part in debates, nor do they vote except in the event of a tie. In this event, they generally vote in accordance with the parliamentary conventions relating to the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which tend to amount to voting against motions. The Ceann Comhairle formally opens each day's sitting by reading the official prayer. The Ceann Comhairle is the sole judge of order in the house and has a number of special functions. Specifically, the Ceann Comhairle:

  • Calls on members to speak. All speeches must be addressed to the Ceann Comhairle.
  • Puts such questions to the house, and supervises and declares the results of divisions.
  • Has authority to suppress disorder. To ensure obedience to his rulings the Ceann Comhairle may order members to withdraw from the Dáil or suspend an individual from the House for a period. In the case of great disorder, the Ceann Comhairle can suspend or adjourn the house.
  • Rings a bell when deputies are out of order. The bell is a half-sized reproduction of the ancient bell of Lough Lene Castle found at Castle Island, Lough Lene, Castlepollard, County Westmeath in 1881 and now in the National Museum. The reproduction was presented in 1931 by the widow of Bryan Cooper, a former TD.

The Ceann Comhairle is an ex officio member of the Presidential Commission, the Council of State, and the Commission for Public Service Appointments.[5]

Since the 1937 Constitution, the Ceann Comhairle has been an ex officio member of the Council of State, beginning with Frank Fahy. The earlier presiding officers never served on the Council of State: i.e. those of the Revolutionary Dáil (1919–22: Cathal Brugha, George Noble Plunkett, Eoin MacNeill, and Michael Hayes) and the Free State Dáil (1922–36: Hayes again, before Fahy).

History edit

The position of Ceann Comhairle was created on the first day of the Dáil on 21 January 1919, when it was first established as a breakaway revolutionary parliament.[6] The first Ceann Comhairle was Cathal Brugha, who served for only one day, presiding over the Dáil's first meeting, before leaving the post to become President of Dáil Éireann. The office was continued under the 1922–37 Irish Free State, the constitution of which referred to the office-holder as the "Chairman of Dáil Éireann". The practice of automatically re-electing the Ceann Comhairle in a general election was introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1927.[4][7][8] The outgoing Ceann Comhairle is returned at the election for their former party.[9]

Following the abolition on 11 December 1936 of the office of Governor-General, the Ceann Comhairle was assigned some of the former office's ceremonial functions, including signing bills into law and convening and dissolving the Dáil. These powers were transferred to the new office of President of Ireland when a new Constitution came into force on 29 December 1937, being carried out by the Presidential Commission, which included the Ceann Comhairle, until the first president entered office on 25 June 1938. The new Constitution retained the position of Ceann Comhairle and the practice of automatic re-election.

Patrick Hogan retired due to ill health in 1967, and died in 1969 before the following election. Joseph Brennan died in office in 1980. John O'Donoghue resigned the office in 2009 after an expenses scandal. As an ordinary TD he was no longer entitled to be returned automatically at the next general election in 2011, in which he lost his seat.

The Ceann Comhairle was first elected by secret ballot in 2016.[10]

Rules for election edit

Under the rules for the election of the Ceann Comhairle, introduced during the 31st Dáil, candidates must be nominated by at least seven other members of Dáil Éireann. Each member may nominate only one candidate. Nominations must be submitted to the Clerk of the Dáil by not later than 6 p.m. on the day before the first day the Dáil meets after the general election in order to be valid, but may be withdrawn at any time up to the close of nominations.[11]

If more than one candidate is nominated, the Dáil will vote by secret ballot in order of preference after the candidates' speeches, which may not exceed five minutes, with an absolute majority required for victory.[12] If no candidate wins a majority on first preferences, the individual with the fewest votes will be eliminated and their votes redistributed in accordance with their next highest preference, under the alternative vote voting system.[11] Eliminations and redistributions will continue until one member receives the requisite absolute majority. Then, the House will vote on a formal motion to appoint the member in question to the position of Ceann Comhairle. The Clerk of the Dáil will be the presiding officer of the House during the election process.

List of office-holders edit

Ceann Comhairle edit

For each Ceann Comhairle, this tables lists the number of the Dáil, the period in which they held office, their constituencies and their political affiliation immediately prior to their appointment.

DáilName
(Birth–Death)		PortraitTerm of officePartyConstituencyRef
1stCathal Brugha
(1874–1922)		 21 January 191922 January 1919Sinn FéinWaterford County[13]
George Noble Plunkett
(1851–1948)[b]		 22 January 191922 January 1919Sinn FéinRoscommon North[14]
Seán T. O'Kelly
(1882–1966)		 22 January 191916 August 1921Sinn FéinDublin College Green[15][16]
2ndEoin MacNeill
(1867–1945)		 16 August 19219 September 1922Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Londonderry
National University[c]		[17]
3rdMichael Hayes
(1889–1976)		 9 September 19229 March 1932Cumann na nGaedhealNational University[d][18][19]
4th[20]
5th[21]
6th[22]
7thFrank Fahy
(1879–1953)		 9 March 193213 June 1951Fianna FáilGalway[23]
8th[24]
9thGalway East[25]
10th[26]
11th[27]
12th[28]
13thGalway South[29]
14thPatrick Hogan
(1885–1969)		 13 June 19517 November 1967LabourClare[30]
15th[31]
16th[32]
17th[33]
18th[34][35]
Cormac Breslin
(1902–1978)		 14 November 1967[e]14 March 1973Fianna FáilDonegal South-West[36]
19thDonegal–Leitrim[37]
20thSeán Treacy
(1923–2018)		 14 March 19735 July 1977LabourTipperary South[38]
21stJoseph Brennan
(1913–1980)		 5 July 197713 July 1980Fianna FáilDonegal[39][40]
Pádraig Faulkner
(1918–2012)		 16 October 1980[f]30 June 1981Fianna FáilLouth[42]
22ndJohn O'Connell
(1927–2013)		 30 June 198114 December 1982IndependentDublin South-Central[43]
23rd[44]
24thTom Fitzpatrick
(1918–2006)		 14 December 198210 March 1987Fine GaelCavan–Monaghan[45]
25thSeán Treacy
(1923–2018)		 10 March 198726 June 1997IndependentTipperary South[46]
26th[47]
27th[48]
28thSéamus Pattison
(1936–2018)		 26 June 19976 June 2002LabourCarlow–Kilkenny[49]
29thRory O'Hanlon
(born 1934)		 6 June 200214 June 2007Fianna FáilCavan–Monaghan[50]
30thJohn O'Donoghue
(born 1956)		14 June 200713 October 2009Fianna FáilKerry South[51][52]
Séamus Kirk
(born 1945)		 13 October 20099 March 2011Fianna FáilLouth[53]
31stSeán Barrett
(born 1944)		9 March 201110 March 2016Fine GaelDún Laoghaire[54]
32ndSeán Ó Fearghaíl
(born 1960)		10 March 2016
(2016 election)
(2020 election)		IncumbentFianna FáilKildare South[55]
33rd[56]

Leas-Cheann Comhairle edit

The Leas-Cheann Comhairle holds office as the Deputy Chairperson of Dáil Éireann under Article 15.9.1 of the constitution. In the absence of the Ceann Comhairle, the Leas-Cheann Comhairle deputises and performs the duties and exercises the authority of the Ceann Comhairle in Dáil proceedings.[57] The Leas-Cheann Comhairle is also elected by secret ballot. The current Leas-Cheann Comhairle is Independent TD Catherine Connolly. She is the first female TD to hold the position. Traditionally, the position was reserved for an Opposition TD.[58] The role carries the pay and status as a Minister of State.

DáilName
(Birth–Death)		PortraitTerm of officePartyConstituencyRef
1stJohn J. O'Kelly
(1872–1957)		 1 April 191926 August 1921Sinn FéinLouth
2ndBrian O'Higgins
(1882–1963)		 26 August 192128 February 1922Sinn FéinClare[59]
3rdPádraic Ó Máille
(1878–1946)		 6 December 192223 May 1927Cumann na nGaedhealGalway[18][60]
4th
5thJames Dolan
(1884–1955)		 1 July 192725 August 1927Cumann na nGaedhealLeitrim–Sligo
6thPatrick Hogan
(1885–1969)		 27 October 19278 March 1928LabourClare
Daniel Morrissey
(1895–1981)		 2 May 192829 January 1932Cumann na nGaedhealTipperary
7thPatrick Hogan
(1885–1969)		 15 March 193227 May 1938LabourClare
8th
9th
10thFionán Lynch
(1889–1966)		 5 July 193812 May 1939Fine GaelKerry South
Eamonn O'Neill
(1882–1954)		 31 May 193931 May 1943Fine GaelCork West
11thDaniel McMenamin
(1882–1964)		 20 October 194312 January 1948Fine GaelDonegal East
12th
13thPatrick Hogan
(1885–1969)		 25 February 19487 May 1951LabourClare
14thCormac Breslin
(1902–1978)		 4 July 19517 November 1967Fianna FáilDonegal West
15th
16th
17thDonegal South-West
18th
Denis Jones
(1906–1987)		 15 November 19675 July 1977Fine GaelLimerick West
19th
20th
21stSeán Browne
(1916–1996)		 6 July 197730 June 1981Fianna FáilWexford
22ndJim Tunney
(1924–2002)		 7 July 198114 December 1982Fianna FáilDublin North-West
23rd
24thJohn Ryan
(1927–2014)		 15 December 198210 March 1987LabourTipperary North
25thJim Tunney
(1924–2002)		 24 March 19874 January 1993Fianna FáilDublin North-West
26th
27thJoe Jacob
(born 1939)		 10 February 199326 June 1997Fianna FáilWicklow
28thRory O'Hanlon
(born 1934)		 9 July 19976 June 2002Fianna FáilCavan–Monaghan
29thSéamus Pattison
(1936–2018)		 18 June 200214 June 2007LabourCarlow–Kilkenny
30thBrendan Howlin
(born 1956)		 26 June 20079 March 2011LabourWexford
31stMichael Kitt
(born 1950)		 31 March 201110 March 2016Fianna FáilGalway East
32ndPat "the Cope" Gallagher
(born 1948)		 7 July 201614 January 2020Fianna FáilDonegal
33rdCatherine Connolly
(born 1957)		 23 July 2020IncumbentIndependentGalway West

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Article 16.6 of the constitution requires that "provision shall be made by law" such that the Ceann Comhairle "be deemed without any actual election to be elected a member of Dáil Éireann".[3] The current law that makes such provision is Section 36 of the Electoral Act 1992.[4]Electoral Act 1992, s. 36: Re-election of outgoing Chairman of Dáil (No. 23 of 1992, s. 36). Act of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 4 December 2015.
  2. ^ George Noble Plunkett briefly chaired the Dáil on 22 January 1919. Seán T. O'Kelly was elected Ceann Comhairle later in the same day.
  3. ^ MacNeill was returned for seats in both the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
  4. ^ Hayes was also returned for Dublin South in 1922 but chose to vacate that seat.
  5. ^ Appointed temporarily on 7 November 1967 and elected permanently on 14 November 1967
  6. ^ Elected temporarily on 15 October 1980[41] and permanently the following day.

References edit

Sources edit

  • O'Connor, Tom; O'Halloran, Anthony (2008). "8: An Ceann Comhairle". Politics in a Changing Ireland 1960–2007: A Tribute to Seamus Pattison. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 121–138. ISBN 9781904541691.

Citations edit

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  3. ^ "CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND". Irish Statute Book. pp. Article 16.6. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b c O'Connor & O'Halloran 2008, pp. 124–127.
  5. ^ "Members of the Commission". Commission for Public Service Appointments. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  6. ^ "Ceann Comhairle – History". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
  7. ^ Constitution (Amendment No. 2) Act 1927, s. 1: Re-election at general election of outgoing Chairman of Dáil Eireann (No. 6 of 1927, s. 1). Enacted on 19 March 1927. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 8 April 2021.
  8. ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 1927, s. 2: Re-election of outgoing Ceann Comhairle (No. 21 of 1927, s. 2). Enacted on 22 May 1927. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 8 April 2021.
  9. ^ See e.g. "Election results and transfer of votes in general election (March, 1957) for sixteenth Dáil and bye-elections to fifteenth Dáil (1954-1957)" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Dublin Stationery Office. December 1957. p. 25. Retrieved 17 August 2022. and "33rd DÁIL GENERAL ELECTION 8 February 2020 Election Results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. pp. 64, 65, 107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Race to be Ceann Comhairle heats up as secret ballot to be used for the first time in election". 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  11. ^ a b Inaccurately described in Dáil standing orders as "the proportional representation single transferable vote system". Dáil Éireann (17 January 2017). "Standing Orders Relative to Public Business; together with Oireachtas Library & Research Service Rules" (PDF) (in English and Irish). Oireachtas. p. 3; S.O. 6(10)(g). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020. The ballot shall be counted under the Proportional Representation Single Transferable Vote (PRSTV) system.
  12. ^ "Here's who is in the mix for the job of keeping order in the next Dáil". TheJournal.ie. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
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External links edit

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