Brokskat

Brokskat
Brokskat
Minaro
Native to	India, Pakistan
Region	Ladakh, Baltistan
Ethnicity	Brokpa (Minaro)
Native speakers	(about 3,000 cited 1996)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Dardic Eastern Dardic Shinaic Brokskat; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Tibetan script, Nastaliq script[citation needed]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bkk
Glottolog	brok1247
ELP	Brokskat

Brokskat (Tibetan: འབྲོག་སྐད་, Wylie: ’brog skad)^[2]or Minaro^[3]is an endangered Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Brokpa people in the lower Indus Valley of Ladakh, India and its surrounding areas.^[1]^[4]

It is an eastern Dardic language and the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.^[5] It is considered a divergent variety of Shina,^[6] but it is not mutually intelligible with the other dialects of Shina.^[7] It is only spoken by 2,858 people in Ladakh and 400 people in the adjoining Baltistan, part of Pakistan-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan, within the larger disputed Kashmir region.^[8]

Endomym edit

Vocabulary edit

Caption text
English	Brokskat in Roman script	Brokskat in Bodyig script
Water	wa	ཝུའ་
Fire	ghur	གཱུར
Sun	Suri	སུརིའ་
Moon	gyun	གྱུན
Mountain	chur	ཆུར
Human	mush	མུཤ
Land	bun	བུན
Boy	byo	བྱོ
Girl	molay	མོལེའ་
Baby	bubu	བུའབུའ
Knife	cutter	ཀཊའར

Verb tenses edit

Caption text
English	Brokskat -present tense	Brokskat-past tense	Broskat-future tense	Imperative
To go	byas	go	byungs	boyai
To stand	autheis	authait	authiyungs	authi
To Break	phitais	phitaiat	phitiaungs	phitai
To open	aunis	auniat	auniungs	auni
To laugh	hazis	hazit	haziungs	hazi
To sit	bazhais	bazhit	bazhiungs	bazhi
To walk	zazis	zazit	zaziungs	zazi
To throw	faitis	faitiat	fatiungs	fati
To look	skis	skait	skiungs	ski
Cut	chhinis	chinait	chhiniungs	chhini
To Count	gyanis	gyaniat	gyaniungs	gyani

References edit

^ ^a ^b Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 889. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
^ Bray, John (2008). "Corvée transport labour in 19th and early 20th century Ladakh: a study in continuity and change". In Martijn van Beek; Fernanda Pirie (eds.). Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change. BRILL. p. 46. ISBN 978-90-474-4334-6.
^ Bhagabati, Dikshit Sarma (2018-08-03). "Onstage and Offstage". Economic and Political Weekly. 53 (31) – via academia.edu. The mother tongue of the Brokpa is Minaro, an Indo–Aryan language, though their vocabulary heavily borrows from Ladakhi.
^ Ethnologue, 15th Edition, SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org, Minaro is an alternate ethnic name. "Brokpa" is the name given by the Ladakhi for the people. "Brokskat" is the language.
^ Ethnologue, 15th Edition, SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org, Brokskat' is the language. This is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.
^ Ethnologue : languages of the world. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. 2005. ISBN 978-1-55671-159-6. A very divergent variety of Shina
^ Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. And is not mutually intelligible with the other shina language
^ "بروسکت: پاکستان میں ایک نئی زبان دریافت". Independent Urdu (in Urdu). 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2022-12-30.

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[ial-1] Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 889. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.

[2] Bray, John (2008). "Corvée transport labour in 19th and early 20th century Ladakh: a study in continuity and change". In Martijn van Beek; Fernanda Pirie (eds.). Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change. BRILL. p. 46. ISBN 978-90-474-4334-6.

[3] Bhagabati, Dikshit Sarma (2018-08-03). "Onstage and Offstage". Economic and Political Weekly. 53 (31) – via academia.edu. The mother tongue of the Brokpa is Minaro, an Indo–Aryan language, though their vocabulary heavily borrows from Ladakhi.

[4] Ethnologue, 15th Edition, SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org, Minaro is an alternate ethnic name. "Brokpa" is the name given by the Ladakhi for the people. "Brokskat" is the language.

[5] Ethnologue, 15th Edition, SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org, Brokskat' is the language. This is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.

[6] Ethnologue : languages of the world. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. 2005. ISBN 978-1-55671-159-6. A very divergent variety of Shina

[7] Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. And is not mutually intelligible with the other shina language

[8] "بروسکت: پاکستان میں ایک نئی زبان دریافت". Independent Urdu (in Urdu). 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2022-12-30.

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