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Briz (rocket stage)

The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Russian: Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M and Angara A5. The upper stages were also used on Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.

Briz-KM
ManufacturerKhrunichev
Country of originRussia
General characteristics
Diameter2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in)[1]
Length2.6 metres (8 ft 6 in)[1]
Gross mass6,475 kilograms (14,275 lb)[2]
Propellant mass5,055 kilograms (11,144 lb)[2]
Engine details
Powered by1 S5.98M[2]
Maximum thrust19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse326 s
Burn time3000 seconds
PropellantN2O4/UDMH
Briz-M
ManufacturerKhrunichev
Country of originRussia
General characteristics
Diameter4.10 metres (13.5 ft)[3]
Length2.61 metres (8 ft 7 in)[3]
Gross mass22,500 kilograms (49,600 lb)[3]
Propellant mass20,000 kilograms (44,000 lb)[3]
Engine details
Powered by1 S5.98M[3]
Maximum thrust19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse326 s
Burn time3000 seconds
PropellantN2O4/UDMH

Characteristics edit

Briz-K and Briz-KM edit

Briz-K, GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is an improved version of Briz-K.[4] The Briz-K and Briz-KM were used as a third stage of the Rokot launch vehicles.[5]

Briz-M edit

Briz-M, GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or high geosynchronous orbit.[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on toroidal tank surrounding the core.[3] It is powered by a pump-fed gimballed main engine, the 14D30.[6] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.[7] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.[7] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.[7] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.[7]

One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.[8] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.[9][10] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.[6] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.[6]

History edit

The maiden flight of Briz-M took place on 5 July 1999. The flight was a failure, due to the explosion of the carrier rocket's second stage. The flight had a communications satellite as a payload.

Briz-M completed its first successful flight on 6the June 2000, when it delivered the Gorizont communications satellite into orbit.

It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.[3]

Launch chronology edit

Proton-M/Briz-M edit

#Launch dateConfigurationSpaceportResultPayloadNote
15 July 1999Proton-K/Briz-MeBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureRaduga 1 communication satellite.
Launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage
26 June 2000Proton-K/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessGorizont #45L communication satelliteFirst successful flight of the Briz-M
37 April 2001Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEkran-M #18L communications satelliteMaiden flight of Proton-M
430 December 2002Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessNimiq 2 satellite
56 June 2003Proton-K/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAmericom-9 communication satellite
610 December 2003Proton-K/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessThree GLONASS positioning satellites (Kosmos -2402, -2403 and -2404 )
715 March 2004Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEutelsat W3A communications satellite
817 June 2004Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessIntelsat-10-02 communications satellite
95 August 2004Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAmazonas 1 satelliteDelivered into an elliptical transfer orbit
1015 October 2004Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAMC-15 communications satellite for SES Americom
113 February 2005Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAMC-12 communications satellite for SES Americom
1222 May 2005Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessDirec TV-8 satellite
138 September 2005Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAnik-F1R satellite
1429 December 2005Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAMC-23 communications satellite
1528 February 2006Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureArabsat-4A communication satellite
A Briz-M failure leaves it and the payload in unusable orbit, with Briz-M eventually exploding on 19 February 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris.[11][12]
164 August 2006Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessHot Bird 8 communications satelliteDelivered into the geostationary orbit for the Eutelsat
178 November 2006Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessArabsat-4B (Badr-4) communications satellite
1811 December 2006Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessMEASAT-3 Malaysian communications satellite
1910 April 2007Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAnik F3 satellite for Telesat of Canada
207 July 2007Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessDirecTV-10 satellite
216 September 2007Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureJCSAT-11 satellite
Proton-M with cargo crashed after second stage failure of a gimbal mechanism
2218 November 2007Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSirus 4 communications satellite
239 December 2007Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessRaduga-1M #1 satellite
2428 January 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessExpress AM33 satellite
2511 February 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessThor 5 satellite
2615 March 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureAMC-14 satelliteAMC-14 deployed into useless orbit
Failed during second Briz-M burn. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.[13]
2719 August 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessInmarsat 4 F3 satelliteA modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.[13][14]
2820 September 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessNimiq-4 satellite [15]
296 November 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAstra 1M satellite
3010 December 2008Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessCiel-2 satellite [16]
3111 February 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessExpress-AM44 and Express-MD1 satellites
323 April 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEutelsat W2A satellite
3316 May 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessProtoStar 2 satellite
341 July 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSirius FM-5 satellite [17]
3512 August 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAsiasat 5 satellite
3617 September 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessNimiq-5 satellite
3724 November 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEutelsat W7 satellite
3829 December 2009Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessDirecTV 12 satellite
3928 January 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessRaduga-1M/Globus-1M military/communication satellites
4012 February 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessIntelsat 16 satellite
4120 March 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEchostar-14 satellite
4224 April 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSES-1 satellite
434 June 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessBADR-5 satellite
4411 July 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEchoStar-15 satellite
4514 October 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSirius XM-5 satellite
4614 November 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSkyTerra-1 communication satellite
4727 December 2010Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessKA-Sat communication satellite
4820 May 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessTelstar 14R satellite
4916 July 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessKazSat-2 and SES-3 satellites
5018 August 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureEkspress-AM4 satellite
Lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn.[18]
5121 September 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessKosmos 2473 (Garpun) satellite
5229 September 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessQuetzSat-1 satellite
5319 October 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessViaSat-1 satellite
544 November 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccess3 Glonass-M satellites.[19]
5525 November 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAsiaSat-7 communication satellite
5611 December 2011Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAMOS-5 (Spacecom) and Luch-5A satellites[20]
5714 February 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSES-4 communication satellite[21]
5825 March 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessIntelsat-22 communication satellite
5924 April 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessYahSat 1B communication satellite
6017 May 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessNimiq-6 communication satellite
619 July 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSES-5 communication satellite
626 August 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureTelkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 communication satellites[22]
Briz-M failure
6314 October 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessIntelsat 23 communication satellite
643 November 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessLuch-5B and Yamal-300K communication satellites
6520 November 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEchoStar-16 communication satellite
668 December 2012Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanPartial failureYamal-402 communication satelliteSatellite placed close to designated orbit, it was possible to correct it[23]
Briz-M stage failure
6726 March 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSatmex 8 communications satelliteSatellite placed into Geostationary transfer orbit[24]
6815 April 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAnik-G1 satellite[25]
6914 May 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEutelsat-3D satellite[26]
703 June 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSES-6 communication satelliteSatellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[27]
7130 September 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAstra-2E communication satelliteSatellite deployed into Geosynchronous transfer orbit[28]
7225 October 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessSirius FM-6 satelliteSatellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[29]
7312 November 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessRaduga 1M #3 military communications satelliteAll telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system (Pyrite), however the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit[30]
748 December 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessInmarsat-5 F1 satelliteSatellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[31]
7526 December 2013Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEkspress AM-5 satellite[32]
7615 February 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessTurksat-4A telecommunications satelliteSatellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[33]
7716 March 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessExpress AT1 and Express AT2 telecommunications satellitesSatellites deployed into Geostationary orbit[34]
7828 April 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessLuch-5V and KazSat-3 communications satellitesSatellites deployed into Geosynchronous orbit[35]
7916 May 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureEkspress AM-4R satellite
Failed Proton-M third stage[36]
8028 September 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessOlimp-K/Luch military communications satelliteSatellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[37]
8121 October 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanPartial failureEkspress-AM6 satelliteSatellite placed close to designated orbit
Satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit due to problems with the Briz-M. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015[38]
8215 December 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessYamal 401 satelliteSatellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[39]
8328 December 2014Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAstra 2G satelliteSatellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[40]
841 February 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessInmarsat 5-F2 satelliteSatellite deployed into Supersynchronous orbit [41]
8519 March 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEkspress AM-7 communications satelliteSatellite deployed into Geostationary orbit [42]
8616 May 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanFailureMexsat-1 Centenario satellite
Third stage failure
8728 August 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessInmarsat-5 F3 communication satellite
8816 October 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessTurksat-4B communication satellite
8913 December 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessKosmos-2513 (Garpun-12L) military/communication satellite
9025 December 2015Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEkspress-AMU1 communication satellite
9130 January 2016Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEutelsat-9B communication satellite
9214 March 2016Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessExoMars-2016[43]Mars exploration/communication satellite
939 June 2016Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessIntelsat-31 (DLA-2) communications satellite
948 June 2017Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEchoStar 21 communications satellite
9516 August 2017Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessBlagovest-11L communications satellite
9611 September 2017Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAmazonas 5 communications satellite
9728 September 2017Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessAsiaSat 9 communications satellite
9818 April 2018Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessBlagovest-12L military communications satellite
9921 December 2018Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessBlagovest-13L military communications satellite
10030 May 2019Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessYamal-601 communications satellite
1019 October 2019Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KazakhstanSuccessEutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1
10230 July 2020Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KhazakhstanSuccessEkspress-80/Ekspress-103
10313 December 2021Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KhazakhstanSuccessEkspress-AMU3/Ekspress-AMU7
10413 March 2023Proton-M/Briz-MBaikonur, KhazakhstanSuccessOlymp-K №2

Rokot/Briz-K/KM edit

Main article: Rokot § Launch table

Angara A5/Briz-M edit

#Launch dateConfigurationSpaceportResultPayloadNote
123 December 2014Angara A5/Briz-MPlesetsk, RussiaSuccessDummy satelliteMaiden flight of Russia's new-generation Angara A5 launch vehicle
Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage[44]
214 December 2020Angara A5/Briz-MPlesetsk, RussiaSuccessDummy satelliteSecond launch of the Angara A5/Briz-M
Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage

References edit

  • "Proton 8K82K / Briz-M". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 September 2003. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  1. ^ a b "Briz upper stage". Russianspaceweb. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  2. ^ a b c "Breeze KM Upper Stage". Khrunichev. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Breeze M upper stage". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Briz space tug family". russianspaceweb.com. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  5. ^ "Russia launches relay craft, commemorative satellite". Spaceflight Now.
  6. ^ a b c Proton/Breeze-M International Launch Services, retrieved on 23 March 2009
  7. ^ a b c d "Proton Launch System Mission Planner's Guide" (PDF). International Launch Services.
  8. ^ "Proton rocket".
  9. ^ "orbit.jpg". Khrunichev. Archived from the original on 16 February 2008.
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  12. ^ Than, Ker (21 February 2007). "Rocket Explodes Over Australia, Showers Space with Debris". Space.com. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  13. ^ a b "PROTON BREEZE M CLEARED FOR RETURN TO FLIGHT". ilslaunch.com. 16 June 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2015.
  14. ^ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES INMARSAT-4 F3 SATELLITE". ilslaunch.com. 19 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2015.
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  16. ^ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES CIEL II SATELLITE | International Launch Services". www.ilslaunch.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2015.
  17. ^ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES SIRIUS FM-5 SATELLITE". International Launch Services. 1 July 2009. Archived from the original on 13 May 2015.
  18. ^ "FAILURE: Proton-M launch with Ekspress-AM4 satellite – August 18, 2011". NASA Space Flight. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  19. ^ STEPHEN CLARK. "Proton rocket replenishes Russian navigation system". Spaceflight Now.
  20. ^ "AMOS-5 Communications Satellite Successfully Launched". spaceref.com. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  21. ^ Bergin, Chris (14 February 2012). "ILS Proton-M successfully launches SES-4". NASAspaceflight.
  22. ^ Bergin, Chris (6 August 2012). "Proton-M launch: Telkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 lost after Briz-M failure". NASAspaceflight.
  23. ^ Chris Bergin (8 December 2012). "ILS Proton-M launch with Yamal-402 suffers Briz-M anomaly". nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  24. ^ Chris Bergin (26 March 2013). "ILS Proton-M makes successful return with Satmex 8". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  25. ^ Chris Bergin (15 April 2013). "ILS Proton-M successfully launches Canada's Anik G1". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  26. ^ Chris Bergin (14 May 2013). "ILS Proton-M launches with EUTELSAT 3D". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  27. ^ Chris Bergin (2 June 2013). "ILS Proton-M successfully lofts SES-6". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
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  29. ^ "Sirius FM-6 in Orbit after successful Proton Launch & Briz-M Flight". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 25 October 2013. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015.
  30. ^ "Recent Briz-M Flight was not without Flaw, Officials confirm". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 29 November 2013. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015.
  31. ^ "Proton/Briz-M completes long Flight to deliver Inmarsat-5 F1 to Orbit". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 9 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015.
  32. ^ "Proton Rocket launches advanced Russian Communications Satellite". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 26 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015.
  33. ^ "Proton-M & Briz-M successfully boost Turksat 4A into Orbit". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 15 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Express AT1 and Express AT2 launch a success". THALES. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  35. ^ "Proton/Briz-M successfully Launches Luch-5V & KazSat-3 Comsats". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 28 April 2014. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015.
  36. ^ "Ekspress AM-4R – Proton Launch Updates". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  37. ^ Anatoly Zak (13 January 2014). "Proton successfully returns to flight delivering a secret Olymp satellite". Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  38. ^ "Ekspress AM-6 Satellite begins Maneuvers to correct its Orbit". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 12 November 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  39. ^ "Proton Rocket successfully completes 400th Launch, lofting Yamal 401". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
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  41. ^ "Inmarsat 5-F2 Comsat arrives in Orbit after successful Proton/Briz-M Mission". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 1 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015.
  42. ^ "Ekspress AM-7 ComSat successfully delivered to Orbit by Proton/Briz-M". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  43. ^ "Exomars trace gas orbiter and schiaparelli mission (2016)". ESA. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  44. ^ "Разгонный блок "Бриз-М" вывел на целевую орбиту условный спутник, запущенный на "Ангаре"". ITAR-TASS. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
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