The Botswana Defence Force Air Arm is the air force of the Botswana Defence Force. The Air Arm was formed in 1977 and squadrons are designated with a Z, meaning "squadron".
| Botswana Defence Force Air Wing | |
|---|---|
 Botswana Defence Force emblem | |
| Founded | 1960 |
| Country |  Botswana |
| Type | Air force |
| Role | Aerial warfare |
| Size | 5,000 personnel[1] |
| Part of | Botswana Defence Force |
| Headquarters | Gaborone |
| Commanders | |
| Commander-in-Chief | President Mokgweetsi Masisi |
| Insignia | |
| Roundel |  |
| Fin flash |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter | Canadair CF-5 |
| Helicopter | Bell 412SP, AS 350 Ecureuil |
| Reconnaissance | Elbit Hermes 450, IAI Silver Arrow 180 |
| Trainer | Pilatus PC-7 Mk II |
| Transport | C-130 Hercules, Beechcraft Super King Air, Britten-Norman Defender, CASA C-212 Aviocar, CASA CN-235, Cessna O-2 Skymaster, Bombardier Global Express |
History edit
The Air Wing was formed in 1977 and is organisationally part of the Botswana Defence Force.[2]
All squadrons are designated with a Z, which stands for "squadron".[3] The main base is near Molepolole and was built by mostly foreign contractors between 1992 and 1996.[4] Other airports used are Sir Seretse Khama International Airport and Francistown International Airport.[4]
The backbone of the Air Wing consists of a squadron of former Canadian Canadair CF-116s which are locally designated as BF-5s. Thirteen ex-Canadian CF-116s (ten single-seater CF-5As and three trainer CF-5Bs) were ordered in 1996 to replace BAC Strikemasters, with another three single-seaters and two dual-seaters delivered in 2000.[Note 1] The aircraft were re-designated OJ-1 through 16. For transport, the Air Wing uses Britten-Norman Defenders, CASA C-212 Aviocars, CASA CN-235s and Lockheed C-130B Hercules. The latest addition to the transport fleet was an ex-AMARC C-130 Hercules to complement the two existing aircraft.[5]
A combination of Bell 412EP and 412SP helicopters are operated by Z21 and perform a variety of functions; search and rescue, medivac, anti-poaching and troop/VIP transport. In 1993, nine ex-US Army/AMARC Cessna O-2As were delivered for use against poaching.
In 2011, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd announced that the Botswana Defence Force had selected the PC-7 MkII turboprop trainer aircraft to replace their Pilatus PC-7 fleet which has been in service since 1990. The contract value is approximately 40 million Swiss francs to procure a fleet of five PC-7 MkII turboprop trainer aircraft, with ground-based training system including computer-based training, spares, support equipment, as well as pilot and technician conversion training elements. The contract was signed in Gaborone on 13 April 2011.[6]
Botswana is also believed to operate Elbit Systems Silver Arrow[7] and Elbit Hermes 450 UAVs.[8]
Accidents and incidents edit
- On 20 October 2011, two PC-7s of the Botswana Defence Force were involved in a midair collision over Letlhakeng 100 km west of Gaborone. Two of the four aircrew involved were killed in the accident.[9]
- On 27 June 2014, The Botswana Defence Force Air Arm lost an Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil helicopter which crashed during a routine training at Thebephatshwa Air Base. Two pilots who were on board the aircraft, were taken to hospital in a stable condition.[10]
- On 9 February 2017, a BDF CASA C-212 crashed near Thebephatshwa village minutes after leaving the Thebephatshwa Air Base, killing all three people on board. The aircraft was on its way to the capital, Gaborone, which is 90 km away.[11]
- On 27 April 2018, a day before BDF Day, a BF-5 fighter aircraft crashed at the Gaborone Golf Club during aerobatic rehearsals. The pilot was the only recorded casualty.[12]
Organisation edit
- Z1 Transport Squadron – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
- Z3 Transport (Liaison) Squadron – O-2A, Bat Hawk – Francistown Airport
- Z7 Training Squadron – PC-7MkII, King Air 200 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
- Z10 Transport Squadron – C-130, C-212 and CN-235 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
- Z12 Transport Squadron – Francistown Airport
- Z21 Transport/Helicopter Squadron – Bell 412 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
- Z23 Transport/Helicopter Squadron – AS-350 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
- Z28 Fighter Squadron – CF-5 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
- VIP Flight Squadron – G-IV – Sir Seretse Khama International Airport
Air Bases edit
Maparangwane Air Base is the only full air base in Botswana. Sir Seretse Khama International Airport is a civilian airport that hosts the VIP jets and Francistown Airport is a joint civilian/military airfield with ownership by the BDF since 2011.[13]
Air defence command and control system edit
In 2005 Botswana Defence Force (BDF) awarded the Spanish company Indra a €7.1 million contract for the development and implementation of a full air defence command and control system. The project included the development and implementation of an operational control centre, composed of a total of nine air traffic tracking and control posts to process and concentrate the information regarding the country's air space being provided by air surveillance radars, radio communication links with the airships, and air traffic management civil systems.[14][15]
Aircraft edit
Current inventory edit
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| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat aircraft | ||||||
| Canadair CF-5 | Canada | fighter | CF-5A | 11[16][page needed] | licensed-built variant of the Northrop F-5 | |
| Transport | ||||||
| Lockheed C-130 Hercules | United States | transport | C-130B | 3[16] | ||
| CASA C212 | Spain | transport | 3[16] | STOL capable aircraft | ||
| CASA/IPTN CN-235 | Spain / Indonesia | transport | 2[16] | |||
| Beechcraft Super King Air | United States | transport | 200 | 1[16] | ||
| Britten-Norman BN-2 | United Kingdom | utility | 1[16] | |||
| Dornier 328 | Germany | Transport | 1[citation needed] | |||
| Bombardier Global Express | Canada | VIP transport | Global 5000 | 1[17] | ||
| Helicopter | ||||||
| Bell 412 | United States | utility | 6[16] | |||
| Eurocopter AS350 | France | utility / liaison | 10[16] | |||
| Trainer aircraft | ||||||
| Canadair CF-5 | Canada | conversion trainer | CF-5D[18] | 4[16] | licensed-built variant of the Northrop F-5 | |
| Pilatus PC-7 | Switzerland | trainer | Mk II | 5[16] | ||
Retired aircraft edit
Previous aircraft operated by the Air Force were the Gulfstream IV, Cessna 150, Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander, Scottish Aviation Bulldog, and Short Skyvan.[19]
Future acquisitions edit
The Botswana Defence Force Air Wing has been considering a replacement for the BF-5 since 2013, due to the fact that the Canadair CF-5s are old, built in the 1970s, and are increasingly hard to maintain and to find spare parts for them.[20] A report in 2013 by the then the head of the BDF’s air arm, Major General Odirile Mashinyana, recognized the need to replace the aircraft, but also advised that upgrading the BF-5s would allow time to save funds for a well chosen successor.[21] Since that time, the KAI T-50 Golden Eagle,[22] used versions of the F-16, and the Saab Gripen were all considered.[23][24] The most recent, and most likely, potential replacement is the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited new HAL Tejas fighter.[25]
Ranks edit
Commissioned officer ranks edit
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Botswana Defence Force Air Wing[26] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major general | Brigadier | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | First lieutenant | Second lieutenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other ranks edit
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana Defence Force Air Wing[26] |  |  |  |  |  |  | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant officer class 1 | Warrant officer class 2 | Staff sergeant | Sergeant | Corporal | Lance corporal | Private (or equivalent) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes edit
Citations edit
- ^ IISS 2019, p. 453.
- ^ "Botswana Defence Force". online.bdf.org.bw. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Orbats". www.scramble.nl. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Botswana Air Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Jane's Sentinel Country Risk Assessments Southern Africa". Ihs Jane's Sentinel. Country Risk Assessments. Southern Africa (26). Jane's Information Group: 94–96. 2009. ISSN 1754-9256.
- ^ "Botswana buys Swiss trainers". upi.com business news. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ "Botswana builds UAV surveillance force". Flightglobal. Reed Business Information. 20 March 2001. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
According to sources in Botswana, the southern African country recently signed a contract to purchase at least three short-range systems from Silver Arrow
- ^ Peter La Franchi (5 June 2007). "Singapore seals deal for Hermes 450 UAVs". Flightglobal. Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
- ^ "BDF assists plane crash victims." dailynews.gov.bw, Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ "A Botswana Defence Force (BDF) Ecureuil helicopter crashed this morning (27/6/14). Two pilots who were on board the aircraft were taken to Thebephatshwa Hospital in a conscious condition". Prince Kangwane. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ "BDF plane crashes, kills 3." Archived 17 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine mmegi.bw, 10 February 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ @BWGovernment (27 April 2018). "PRESS RELEASE" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Patricia Edwin. "Armed forces inherit old Francistown Airport". Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ "Indra is awarded Botswana's air defence control system". Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ "Botswana (Botswana) – Jane's Land-Based Air Defence". Janes.com. 4 April 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "World Air Forces 2023". Flightglobal Insight. 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
- ^ "Registration Details for OK1 (Government of Botswana) Global 5000 - PlaneLogger". planelogger.com. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
- ^ "World Air Forces 2004". Flight International. flightglobal.com. 16–22 November 2004. p. 46. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
- ^ "World Air Forces 1981 pg. 328". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ Patrick Kenyette, May 30, 2023, Botswana in negotiation with India for Tejas aircraft – updated June 12, 2023.
- ^ Ekene Lionel, March 25, 2021, Contest for Botswana’s new fighter jet gathers momentum, Military Africa.
- ^ South Korea's Eagle swoops on Botswana, Times aerospace, April 10, 2018.
- ^ Botswana looks to India for fighter upgrade, Times aerospace, 2 August 2023.
- ^ Wyatt 2017.
- ^ Gaborone looks to procure Indian HAL fighter aircraft, Africa intelligence, 16/3/2023.
- ^ a b "Ranks". Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
References edit
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2019). The Military Balance 2019. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857439885.
- Wyatt, Chris (5 October 2017). "Feature: Botswana's Gripen plan highlights need for a defence white paper | defenceWeb". www.defenceweb.co.za. Retrieved 7 October 2017.