2018 Mayotte's 1st constituency by-election

On the evening of 18 June 2017, Elad Chakrina, candidate of The Republicans (LR), was initially declared the winner of the second round of voting in the legislative elections with 50.04% of votes, with 12 votes separating him from his opponent Ramlati Ali, candidate of the Socialist Party (PS). On 19 June, the result was overturned and Ramlati Ali was declared the winner with 50.17% of the vote, defeating Elad Chakrina by a margin of 54 votes.^[1][2] Elad Chakrina subsequently announced his intention to file an appeal to the Constitutional Council, alleging electoral fraud, claiming that results reported late in the evening from the commune of Bandraboua were "completely falsified". He also claimed that there were also a number of other irregularities that took place, including that a number of proxy votes cast were fraudulent, problematic electoral rolls, ballots that should have been voided, and ballots cast under the names of deceased individuals.^[3]

On 19 January 2018, the constitutional council annulled the election of Ramlati Ali on the basis of several complaints, triggering a by-election within the constituency.^[2] The decision noted that 25 fewer signatures were found on the electoral roll than the number of ballots found in the ballot boxes in the communes of Mamoudzou, Acoua, Dzaoudzi, Bandraboua, and Mtsamboro. Members of the polling station in Dzaoudzi attempted to rectify an irregularly cast vote by randomly discarding an envelope from the ballot box before counting began, a procedure considered doubly irregular by the constitutional council. Chakrina also claimed at least 40 proxy votes were irregularly cast in Bandraboua on 9 and 16 June 2017, and provided documents relating into a judicial investigation that had been opened to look into the matter.^[4][5]

In addition, Elad Chakrina alleged that Ramlati Ali breached article L. 49 of the electoral code by continuing to conduct her electoral campaign on the Internet through the day of voting, producing three screenshots of a Facebook page of Ramlati Ali's substitute urging people to vote. The constitutional council agreed with this complaint. Chakrina also alleged that Ali's campaign was improperly supported by calls to vote published on 17 June on Ali's Facebook page, among others.^[4][5]

A by-election must be held within three months of the invalidation of the election, as stipulated by article L.O. 178 of the electoral code.^[6] Although elected as a member of the Socialist Party,^[1] Ramlati Ali joined the La République En Marche group in the National Assembly after her election. Following the decision of the constitutional council, the only two remaining members of the La République En Marche group in the National Assembly representing overseas France are Olivier Serva are Stéphane Claireaux.^[6]

On 3 February 2018, the first round of the by-election was scheduled for 18 March 2018, with a second round on 25 March should no candidate secure a majority of votes in the first round.^[7] Prospective candidates needed to submit declarations of their candidacies between 19 and 23 February. Polling stations will be open from 8:00 to 18:00 EAT.^[8]

Incumbent deputy Ramlati Ali, a 56-year-old former mayor of Pamandzi and head of the medicine, psychiatry and rehabilitation department at the Mayotte Hospital Centre (CHM) who joined La République En Marche! after her election in June 2017, presented herself as a candidate.^[9] Ali was placed under formal investigation on 13 February 2018, charged with "complicity in electoral fraud". However, no verdict will be rendered in the case until after the by-election.^[10] Due to the judicial affair, Ali did not receive the support of La République En Marche in the by-election,^[11] and presented her candidacy without the backing of any party.^[9] After the second round, La République En Marche announced its support for Ali in the second round without acknowledging the charges against her.^[12] Elad Chakrina, a 37-year-old lawyer and municipal councillor from Tsingoni,^[9][13] contested the constituency once more under the banner of The Republicans (LR) after his successful appeal.^[8] During a three-day visit from 5 to 7 March, LR president Laurent Wauquiez denounced the "abandonment" of Mayotte by Macron,^[14] saying that the department was "submerged by illegal immigration".^[15] On 15 March, Marine Le Pen, president of the National Front (FN), called upon the Mahorais to vote for the LR candidate; though the party neither officially endorsed nor rejected the support of the FN,^[16] several LR personalities rejected the FN's support for Chakrina.^[17]

Bacar Ali Boto, first deputy mayor of Mamoudzou, contested the by-election without the support of any party.^[18] Daniel Zaïdani, the departmental councillor of Pamandzi and former president of the general council of Mayotte charged for embezzlement of public funds in February 2017,^[9] was selected by the Movement for the Development of Mayotte (MDM) as its candidate in the by-election after meeting to reconcile divisions within the party.^[19] Abdullah Mikidadi initially stood without the support of any party,^[8] but later received the backing of La France Insoumise,^[20] with deputy Jean-Hugues Ratenon taking the opportunity to offer his support for Mikidadi on a visit to Mayotte on 22 February,^[21] and Member of the European Parliament Younous Omarjee also traveling to the department.^[22] Catherine Bihannic was initially announced as the candidate of the Popular Republican Union (UPR), as in June,^[8] but was ultimately replaced by Alexandre Alçuyet, with Bihannic becoming substitute.^[23] Boina Dinouraini stood again as an independent candidate,^[8] and miscellaneous left candidate Bacar Mouta, a youth of the Social Mahorais Party, also contested the by-election.^[8]

Large protests erupted across Mayotte in the weeks preceding the by-election, with demonstrations against insecurity, violence, and illegal immigration, especially from neighboring Comoros, paralyzing the department, prompting Minister for Overseas France Annick Girardin to promise reinforcements and to visit after the by-election.^[24] Saïd Omar Oili, president of the association of mayors of Mayotte, announced the closure town halls in protest, and warned that the by-election might be threatened by the unrest.^[25] Despite the threats by several mayors not to hold the by-election, government spokesman Benjamin Griveaux insisted that it would be held regardless.^[26] The candidates in the by-election were reluctant to act, unsure how to respond to the protests.^[27] On 13 March, the mayors of Mayotte arrived at an "agreement in principle" to hold the by-election after talks with the government and local collectives produced promises to improve security and combat illegal immigration, and unions and collectives agreed to remove roadblocks on the island.^[28] Salim Nahouda, general secretary of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT) in Mayotte, stated that 13 of 15 measures proposed by the union were accepted by the government.^[29]

Trade unions and collectives called to boycott the vote.^[30] Although mayors requested the postponement of the by-election due to security concerns and the difficulty of campaigning,^[31] the by-election ultimately went ahead, albeit with certain difficulties due to roadblocks, transport issues, padlocked polling stations, and landslides caused by tropical storm Eliakim, all of which caused delays to opening of polling stations in several communes.^[32] Police were forced to open one padlocked polling station in Acoua by force.^[30] By 10:15, all polling stations were open.^[32] In Mtsamboro, two ballot boxes were stolen in the early afternoon, and a few hours later police later took the thieves into custody and recovered the ballot boxes.^[33]

Protesters intend to reinstate roadblocks before the second round of the by-election.^[34] Although all 73 polling stations of the constituency were operational, several opened late due to obstructions to their entrances. In Acoua, locked doors and damaged locks necessitated police assistance, while three polling stations in Koungou were blocked by glue and soldered scrap metal.^[35]

• Results of past legislative by-elections from the Ministry of the Interior (in French)