The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck off the coast of Chile on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 local time (23:46 UTC).[4][5] The epicenter of the earthquake was approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Iquique.[1] The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The megathrust earthquake triggered a tsunami of up to 2.11 metres (6.9 ft) that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April).[6] Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of Pisagua and Arica.[7]
  Iquique Santiago  | |
| UTC time | 2014-04-01 23:46:47 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 610102185 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 1 April 2014 |
| Local time | 20:46 CST (UTC-03:00) |
| Duration | 3 minutes |
| Magnitude | 8.2 Mw[1] |
| Depth | 25 km (16 mi)[1] |
| Epicenter | 19°36′36″S 70°46′08″W / 19.610°S 70.769°W[1] |
| Areas affected | Chile, Peru |
| Total damage | 8,300 homes damaged[2] |
| Max. intensity | MMI VIII (Severe) |
| Peak acceleration | 1.05 g[3] |
| Tsunami | 4.6 m (15 ft) |
| Casualties | 11 dead, 209 injured |
Geology edit
A number of mid-sized quakes struck the same area in the preceding weeks. These quakes and the main tremor are associated with the boundary of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate.[1]
Earthquake edit
There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on 16 March with a magnitude of Mw 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.[8][9] The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of 200 km (120 mi) in length instead of the expected 600 km (370 mi) rupture.[10] The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.[11] The intensity reached intensity VIII (Severe) in Iquique, Chile.[12]
Aftershocks edit
There were several significant aftershocks above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.
| Time (local) | M | I | Depth | Epicenter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 April at 20:57:58 | 6.9 | VI | 28.4 km (17.6 mi) | 91 km (57 mi) WNW of Iquique | [13] |
| 2 April at 22:58:30 | 6.5 | VI | 24.1 km (15.0 mi) | 46 km (29 mi) WSW of Iquique | [14] |
| 2 April at 23:43:13 | 7.7 | IX | 22.4 km (13.9 mi) | 53 km (33 mi) SW of Iquique | [15] |
| 3 April at 02:26:15 | 6.4 | VI | 25 km (16 mi) | 78 km (48 mi) SW of Iquique | [16] |
Associated events edit
Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis.[17] A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the Nazca Plate (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.[18]
Tsunami edit
Under advice from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, tsunami warnings were issued for the Latin American Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.[19][4][20] Chile was subsequently hit by a large tsunami in its northern territories, with a maximum height of 4.63 m (15.2 ft) in Arica.[21][6]
The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.[22] The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.[23][24] On 3 April local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.[25] The tsunami reached 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) high in Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.[26]
Impact edit
Chile edit
Five people died of indirect causes[2] and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.[27] An additional three people were killed due to landslides and on April 4, a six-day-old infant died due to hypothermia, after she and her mother sought refuge in a tent.[2]
In Iquique, over 200 people were hospitalized and an airport's control tower was damaged. Houses also collapsed in Arica.[2] Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá.[28]
During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.[29]
Peru edit
In southern Peru, nine people were injured, four structures, including two temples collapsed and 81 houses, three schools, four clinics, three public buildings and a temple were damaged.[2]
See also edit
References edit
Further reading edit
- Lay, Thorne; Yue, Han; Brodsky, Emily E.; An, Chao (16 June 2014). "The 1 April 2014 Iquique, Chile, 8.1 earthquake rupture sequence". Geophysical Research Letters. 41 (11): 3818–3825. Bibcode:2014GeoRL..41.3818L. doi:10.1002/2014GL060238.
External links edit
- M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile – United States Geological Survey
- Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile – BBC News
- 5 Dead After Powerful Quake Strikes Off Chile's Coast – ABC News
- Powerful earthquake strikes off Chile Archived 3 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine – CNN
- Tsunami Animation: Iquique, Chile, 1 April 2014 – National Tsunami Warning Center
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.