1994 Asian Games

XII Asian Games
Host city	Hiroshima, Japan
Motto	Asian Harmony
Nations	42
Athletes	6,828
Events	337 in 34 sports
Opening	2 October 1994
Closing	16 October 1994
Opened by	Akihito; Emperor of Japan
Closed by	Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah; President of the Olympic Council of Asia
Athlete's Oath	Ryohei Koba
Torch lighter	Aki Ichijo; Yasunori Uchitomi
Main venue	Hiroshima Park Main Stadium
Summer
	← Beijing 1990 Bangkok 1998 →
Winter
	← Sapporo 1990 Harbin 1996 →

The 1994 Asian Games (Japanese: 1994年アジア競技大会, Senkyūhyakukyūjūyon-nen Ajia kyōgi taikai), also known as the XII Asiad and the 12th Asian Games (Japanese: 第12回アジア競技大会, romanized: Daijūni-kai Ajia kyōgi taikai), were held from October 2 to 16, 1994, in Hiroshima, Japan. The main theme of this edition was to promote peace and harmony among Asian nations. It was emphasized by the host because the venue was the site of the first atomic bomb attack 49 years earlier. Due to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was suspended from the games. The games debuted former republics of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.^[1]^[2]

There were a total number of 6,828 athletes and officials involved, from 42 countries, with a total number of 34 events. Debut sports at this edition of the Asiad were baseball, karate and modern pentathlon.^[1]

Bidding process

In 1983, two cities in Asia demonstrated interest to host the 1994 Asian Games, one was Beijing in the People's Republic of China and the other was Hiroshima in Japan. The two appeared before the Olympic Council of Asia, during a meeting of the same, the following year in Seoul, that also served as a previous meeting to evaluate the preparations of the city for the next Asian Games and also for the 1988 Summer Olympics. Beijing eventually won the right to host the 1990 edition, while Hiroshima, when presenting an excellent technical level bid, won as compensation the rights to host the 1994 Games.^[3]

34 votes were needed for selection.

1994 Asian Games bidding result
City	Country	Votes
Hiroshima	Japan	44
Beijing	China	23

Marketing

Logo

The emblem of the games is an abstract image of a dove, symbol of peace, which resembles the letter 'H' initial as in the host city name Hiroshima, reflecting Hiroshima's desire for peace. The OCA emblem is the symbol of Asian Games as a whole which resembles athlete in motion.^[4]

Mascot

The official mascot of the XII Asiad is a pair of white doves. Poppo and Cuccu, male and female respectively, represent peace and harmony - the main theme of this edition of the Asian Games.^[2] They were designed by well-known manga artist and character designer Susumu Matsushita.

Participating nations

National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are named according to their official IOC designations and arranged according to their official IOC country codes in 1994.^[1]

Sports

Aquatics
- Artistic swimming (2) (details)
- Diving (4) (details)
- Swimming (31) (details)
- Water polo (1) (details)
Archery (4) (details)
Athletics (43) (details)
Badminton (7) (details)
Baseball (1) (details)
Basketball (2) (details)
Bowling (12) (details)
Boxing (12) (details)
Canoeing (13) (details)
Cycling (10) (details)
- Road
- Track
Equestrian (4) (details)
Fencing (8) (details)
Field hockey (2) (details)
Football (2) (details)
Golf (4) (details)
Gymnastics (15) (details)
- Artistic
- Rhythmic
Handball (2) (details)
Judo (16) (details)
Kabaddi (1) (details)
Karate (11) (details)
Modern pentathlon (2) (details)
Rowing (12) (details)
Sailing (7) (details)
Sepak takraw (1) (details)
Shooting (34) (details)
Softball (1) (details)
Soft tennis (4) (details)
Table tennis (7) (details)
Taekwondo (8) (details)
Tennis (7) (details)
Volleyball (2) (details)
Weightlifting (19) (details)
Wrestling (20) (details)
Wushu (6) (details)

Calendar

OC	Opening ceremony	●	Event competitions	1	Event finals	CC	Closing ceremony

October 1994		1st Sat	2nd Sun	3rd Mon	4th Tue	5th Wed	6th Thu	7th Fri	8th Sat	9th Sun	10th Mon	11th Tue	12th Wed	13th Thu	14th Fri	15th Sat	16th Sun	Gold medals
Ceremonies			OC														CC

Aquatics	Artistic swimming								●	2								2
	Diving			●	2	●	2											4
	Swimming			4	5	5	5	6	6									31
	Water polo											●	●	●	●	1		1
Archery							●	●	1	1	2							4
Athletics										2	4	7	3		10	9	8	43
Badminton								●	●	2		●	●	●	●	5		7
Baseball										●	●	●		●	1			1
Basketball				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	1	●	1		2
Bowling						2	2	●	2	4	●	2						12
Boxing					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		12				12
Canoeing						●	●	●	●	7	6							13
Cycling	Road									1						2		3
Cycling	Track											●	2	2	3			7
Equestrian				1		1		1		1								4
Fencing				1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1							8
Field hockey				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1		2
Football		●		●	●	●	●	●		●	●	●	1	●		●	1	2
Golf							●	●	●	4								4
Gymnastics	Artistic			1	1	2	10											14
Gymnastics	Rhythmic									●	1							1
Handball						●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1			2
Judo													4	4	4	4		16
Kabaddi													●	●	1			1
Karate				4	4	3												11
Modern pentathlon										●	●	2						2
Rowing								●	●	●	12							12
Sailing					●	●	●	●		●	●	7						7
Sepak takraw													●	●	●	1		1
Shooting								4	6	4	2	4	4	6	4			34
Soft tennis											●	●	2	●	2			4
Softball				●	●	●	●	1										1
Table tennis						●	●	●	1	1		●	●	3	2			7
Taekwondo									4	4								8
Tennis				●	●	●	1	1	●	●		●	●	5				7
Volleyball				●	●	●	●	1		●	●	●	●	●		●	1	2
Weightlifting				3	3	3	2	2	2	2	2							19
Wrestling					●	5	5		●	5	5							20
Wushu													1	2	3			6
Total gold medals				14	16	22	28	17	23	41	35	22	17	36	32	24	10	337
October 1994		1st Sat	2nd Sun	3rd Mon	4th Tue	5th Wed	6th Thu	7th Fri	8th Sat	9th Sun	10th Mon	11th Tue	12th Wed	13th Thu	14th Fri	15th Sat	16th Sun	Gold medals

Medal table

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Japan, is highlighted.

* Host nation (Japan)


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China (CHN)	126	83	57	266
2	Japan (JPN)*	64	75	79	218
3	South Korea (KOR)	63	56	64	183
4	Kazakhstan (KAZ)	27	25	27	79
5	Uzbekistan (UZB)	11	12	19	42
6	Iran (IRI)	9	9	8	26
7	Chinese Taipei (TPE)	7	13	24	44
8	India (IND)	4	3	16	23
9	Malaysia (MAS)	4	2	13	19
10	Qatar (QAT)	4	1	5	10
11–32	Remaining	20	58	91	169
Totals (32 entries)		339	337	403	1079

Doping scandal

The Chinese had 11 athletes test positive for banned drugs and anabolic steroids at the 1994 Asian Games.^[5] Less than a month before the Asian Games scandal at the 1994 world championships in Rome, the Chinese had won 12 of the 16 women's swimming titles, with two of those nine world champions among those who tested positive at the Asian games.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Past Asian Games – Hiroshima 1994 Asian Games". beijing2008.cn (official website of 2008 Beijing Olympics). November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "12th Asian Games Hiroshima 1994 - Poppo & CuCCu". GAGOC. gz2010.cn (official website of 2010 Asian Games). April 27, 2008. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ "The 11th Asian Games : Beijing, China". Hangzhou 2022 Official Website. 4 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Outline". Archived from the original on 1998-02-05. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
^ "10 Drug Scandals–Chinese swim team". cbc.ca (CBC Sports Online). January 19, 2003. Archived from the original on February 20, 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Parr, Derek (July 13, 2000). "Chinese World Record-Holder Tests Positive for Steroids". swimmingworldmagazine.com (Swimming World Magazine). Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Wolff, Alexandra (October 16, 1995). "The China Syndrome". sportsillustrated.com (Sports Illustrated). Archived from the original on August 19, 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ "OLYMPICS; Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. 18 December 1994. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
^ "Swimming: Two-year ban for Chinese". The Independent. HighBeam Research. 13 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
^ "Asian Games". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. 5 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.

External links

Hiroshima city university Asian Games page

Preceded by Beijing	Asian Games Hiroshima XII Asian Games (1994)	Succeeded by Bangkok

[beijing-1] "Past Asian Games – Hiroshima 1994 Asian Games". beijing2008.cn (official website of 2008 Beijing Olympics). November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[gz2010-2] "12th Asian Games Hiroshima 1994 - Poppo & CuCCu". GAGOC. gz2010.cn (official website of 2010 Asian Games). April 27, 2008. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[3] "The 11th Asian Games : Beijing, China". Hangzhou 2022 Official Website. 4 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2018.

[4] "Outline". Archived from the original on 1998-02-05. Retrieved 2019-02-21.

[5] "10 Drug Scandals–Chinese swim team". cbc.ca (CBC Sports Online). January 19, 2003. Archived from the original on February 20, 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[6] Parr, Derek (July 13, 2000). "Chinese World Record-Holder Tests Positive for Steroids". swimmingworldmagazine.com (Swimming World Magazine). Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[7] Wolff, Alexandra (October 16, 1995). "The China Syndrome". sportsillustrated.com (Sports Illustrated). Archived from the original on August 19, 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[8] "OLYMPICS; Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. 18 December 1994. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.

[9] "Swimming: Two-year ban for Chinese". The Independent. HighBeam Research. 13 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.

[10] "Asian Games". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. 5 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.

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