The 1949 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 29th term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the opposition National Party. This marked the end of the 14-year First Labour government and the beginning of the First National government.
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 80 seats in the New Zealand Parliament 41 seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnout | 1,113,852 (96.3%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results of the election. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
Background
editThe Labour Party had formed its first ministry after winning the 1935 election, and had remained in power (with gradually decreasing majorities) since then. The National Party, formed by a merger of the parties which Labour had originally ousted, gradually increased its power in Parliament; the ineffectual Adam Hamilton was replaced by Sidney Holland, and internal disputes were gradually resolved. The Prime Minister, Peter Fraser, was increasingly weary. Ongoing shortages after World War II also eroded public support for the government. The National Party's decision not to repeal Labour's social welfare policies also increased its appeal.
MPs retiring in 1949
editTwo Labour MPs and one National MP intended to retire at the end of the Parliament.
| Party | Name | Electorate | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | David Coleman | Gisborne | |
| Charles Petrie | Otahuhu | ||
| National | Garnet Mackley | Wairarapa | |
The election
editThe date for the main elections was a Wednesday 30 November. Elections to the four Māori electorates were held the day before—the 1949 elections were the last in which Māori voted on a different day. 1,113,852 people were registered to vote, although rolls for the Māori electorates were "woefully inadequate." Voter turnout for the elections is disputed, given the problems with the Māori roll—some sources place it at 93.5 percent, while others estimate 92.9 percent. Regardless, the turnout was relatively high for the time. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.
Election results
editParty standings
editThe 1949 election saw the governing Labour Party defeated by a twelve-seat margin. It has previously held a four-seat majority. Labour won a total of 34 seats, as opposed to National's 46. The popular vote was considerably closer—Labour won 47.2 percent to National's 51.9 percent. No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents.
John A. Lee stood for Grey Lynn as the sole Democratic Labour candidate and got 2,627 votes, coming third.
 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election results | ||||||
| Party | Candidates | Total votes | Percentage | Seats won | change | |
| National | 80 | 556,805 | 51.88 | 46 | +8 | |
| Labour | 80 | 506,073 | 47.16 | 34 | −8 | |
| Communist | 16 | 3,499 | 0.33 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic Labour | 1 | 2,627 | 0.24 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Others | 19 | 4,150 | 0.39 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Total | 196 | 1,073,154 | 80 | |||
Votes summary
editInitial MPs
editThe table below shows the results of the 1949 general election:
Key
Table footnotes:
- ^ Matiu Ratana, the previous holder of the Western Maori electorate, died on 7 October 1949. His wife Iriaka Rātana stood for election instead.
Notes
edit- ^ a b "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ Norton 1988, p. 197.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 198.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 357.
- ^ Norton 1988, p. 228.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 308.
- ^ Norton 1988, p. 419.
- ^ a b Gustafson 1986, p. 378.
- ^ Norton 1988, p. 331.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 325.
- ^ Sharfe, Jean. "Manning, George". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
References
edit- Fraser, S. E. (1967). The 1949 General Election (MA thesis). Dunedin: University of Otago.
- Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00177-6.
- McLennan, R. (1963). The Last Years of the First Labour Government 1945–1949 (MA thesis). Auckland: University of Auckland.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.