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1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

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The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States census.

1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1850 & 1851August 2, 1852 – November 8, 18531854 & 1855 →
All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives
118 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
 
LeaderLinn BoydJoseph R. Chandler
PartyDemocraticWhig
Leader's seatKentucky 1stPennsylvania 2nd
Last election120 seats82 seats
Seats won15068
Seat changeIncrease 30Decrease 14
Popular vote1,566,0041,308,031
Percentage49.82%41.61%
SwingIncrease 6.51%Decrease 0.28%
 Third partyFourth party
 
PartyFree SoilUnionist
Last election4 seats15 seats
Seats won45[a]
Seat changeSteadyDecrease 10
Popular vote125,27122,139
Percentage3.99%0.70%
SwingIncrease 0.87%Decrease 3.99%
 Fifth partySixth party
 
PartySouthern RightsIndependent
Last election8 seats4 seats[c]
Seats won4[b]3[d]
Seat changeDecrease 4Decrease 1
Popular vote20,32687,826
Percentage0.65%2.79%
SwingDecrease 3.48%Steady
Speaker before election

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.

Election summaries edit

Following the 1850 census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,[1] but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.[2]

↓
1584171
DemocraticFSIWhig
StateTypeDateTotal seatsDemocraticFree SoilWhigOthers
SeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
IowaDistrictsAugust 2, 18522 1 10 1 10
MissouriDistrictsAugust 2, 18527 23 10 4 10
VermontDistrictsSeptember 7, 18523 10 10 3 0
MaineDistrictsSeptember 13, 18526 13 20 3 10
FloridaAt-largeOctober 5, 18521 1 10 0 10
IndianaDistrictsOctober 12, 185211 110 20 1 10
OhioDistrictsOctober 12, 185221 12 12 17 20
PennsylvaniaDistrictsOctober 12, 185225 116 10 9 0
CaliforniaAt-largeNovember 2, 1852
(Election Day)[e]		2 2 0 0 0
IllinoisDistricts9 25[f] 10 4 30
MichiganDistricts4 14 30 0 20
New JerseyDistricts5 4 0 1 0
New YorkDistricts33 121 41 110 71[g] 1
WisconsinDistricts3 3 10 10 0
DelawareAt-largeNovember 8, 18521 1 0 0 0
MassachusettsDistrictsNovember 8, 185211 11 1 19 20
South CarolinaDistrictsFebruary 28 – March 1, 18536 16 10 0 0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term)
New HampshireDistrictsMarch 8, 18533 13 10 0 20
ConnecticutDistrictsApril 4, 18534 4 10 0 10
Rhode IslandDistrictsApril 6, 18532 2 10 0 10
VirginiaDistrictsMay 26, 185313 213 0 0 20
ArkansasDistrictsAugust 1, 18532 12 10 0 0
KentuckyDistrictsAugust 1, 185310 5 0 5 0
TexasDistrictsAugust 1, 18532 2 0 0 0
North CarolinaDistrictsAugust 4, 18538 15 20 3 30
TennesseeDistrictsAugust 4, 185310 15 20 5 10
AlabamaDistrictsAugust 8, 18537 6 20 1 10 1[h]
GeorgiaDistrictsOctober 3, 18538 6 60 2 20 8[i]
LouisianaDistrictsNovember 1, 18534 3 10 1 10
MarylandDistrictsNovember 2, 18536 4 20 2 20
MississippiDistrict + 1 at-largeNovember 7–8, 18535 15 50 0 0 4[j]
Total234 1158[f]
67.5%		 284
1.7%		 71
30.3%		 151
0.4%		 12
Popular vote
Democratic
 
49.82%
Whig
 
41.61%
Free Soil
 
3.99%
Unionist
 
0.70%
States' Rights
 
0.65%
Independent
 
2.79%
Others
 
0.44%
House seats
Democratic
 
64.10%
Whig
 
30.34%
Unionist
 
2.14%
Free Soil
 
1.71%
Southern Rights
 
1.71%
Independent
 
1.28%

Alabama edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Arkansas edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas
DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arkansas 1Robert W. Johnson
Redistricted from the at-large district		Democratic1846Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.[3]
Arkansas 2New seat.
Democratic gain.

California edit

See also: List of United States representatives from California

Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
California at-large
2 seats on a general ticket		Edward C. MarshallDemocratic1851Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Joseph W. McCorkleDemocratic1851Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Connecticut edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Delaware edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Florida edit

Main article: 1852 United States House of Representatives election in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida
DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida at-largeEdward C. CabellWhig1846Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Georgia edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Illinois edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Iowa edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kentucky edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Maine edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Maryland edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1Zeno Scudder
Redistricted from the 10th district		Whig1851Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot.First ballot (November 8, 1852):

Second ballot (December 13, 1852):
Massachusetts 2
Massachusetts 3
Massachusetts 4
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 6
Massachusetts 7
Massachusetts 8
Massachusetts 9
Massachusetts 10
Massachusetts 11

Michigan edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan
DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Michigan 1Ebenezer J. PennimanWhig1850Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 2Charles E. StuartDemocratic1847 (special)
1848 (lost)
1850		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Michigan 3James L. CongerWhig1850Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 4None (New seat)New seat.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Y Hestor L. Stevens (Democratic) 51.8%
  • ▌George Bradley (Whig) 43.1%
  • ▌Ephraim Calkins (Free Soil) 5.1%[10]

Mississippi edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi at-largeNone (new district)New seat.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 1Benjamin D. NabersUnionist1851Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 2John A. WilcoxUnionist1851Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 3John D. FreemanUnionist1851Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 4Albert G. BrownSouthern Rights1847Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.		▌ Y Wiley P. Harris (Democratic) 100%[15]

Missouri edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

New Hampshire edit

See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey edit

See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New York edit

See also: List of United States representatives from New York

North Carolina edit

See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

Ohio edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Pennsylvania edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina edit

See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

Tennessee edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1Andrew JohnsonDemocratic1842Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
Democratic loss.
Albert G. Watkins
Redistricted from the 2nd district.		Whig1849Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 2William M. Churchwell
Redistricted from the 3rd district.		Democratic1851Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3New districtNew member elected.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 4John H. SavageDemocratic1849Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
William Cullom
Redistricted from the 8th district.		Whig1851Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5New districtNew member elected.
Whig gain.
Tennessee 6William H. PolkIndependent
Democratic		1851Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.		▌ Y George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[21]
George W. Jones
Redistricted from the 5th district.		Democratic1842Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7Meredith P. GentryWhig1845Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Whig hold.
Tennessee 8New districtNew member elected.
Whig gain.
Tennessee 9Isham G. HarrisDemocratic1849Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
Christopher H. Williams
Redistricted from the 11th district.		Whig1849Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 10Frederick P. StantonDemocratic1845Incumbent re-elected.

Texas edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Vermont edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Virginia edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

Wisconsin edit

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin
DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates[26]
Wisconsin 1Charles DurkeeFree Soil1848Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 2Ben C. EastmanDemocratic1850Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3James Duane DotyInd. Democratic1848Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Non-voting delegates edit

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Minnesota TerritoryHenry Hastings SibleyDemocratic1848 (Wis. Territory: special)
1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated)
1849 (Minn. Territory)		Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.
New Mexico TerritoryRichard H. WeightmanDemocratic1851Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected in 1853.
Democratic hold.
Oregon TerritoryJoseph LaneDemocratic1851Incumbent re-elected.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Includes three Union Whigs and two Union Democrats.
  2. ^ Includes four Southern Rights Democrats.
  3. ^ Included three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig.
  4. ^ Includes one Independent, one Independent Democrat, and the Benton Independent.
  5. ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  6. ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
  7. ^ Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
  8. ^ Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
  9. ^ Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States' Rights.
  10. ^ Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States' Rights.
  11. ^ Full name unpublished in source, presumably Alexander Wilkin (Whig)

References edit

  1. ^ 9 Stat. 432
  2. ^ 10 Stat. 25
  3. ^ a b c Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1016. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - CA - at Large Race - Nov 02, 1852".
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 08, 1852".
  6. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 13, 1852".
  7. ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  8. ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  9. ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  10. ^ "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  11. ^ "MS - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  12. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  13. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  14. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  15. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  16. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  17. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  18. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  19. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  20. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  21. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  22. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  23. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  24. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  25. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  26. ^ "Official Vote on Members of Congress". The Weekly Wisconsin. December 8, 1852. p. 3. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ Greeley, Horace (February 22, 1868). "The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician's Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties ... Political Essays ... &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years". New York tribune – via Google Books.
  28. ^ "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 01, 1853".

Bibliography edit

External links edit

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