Cymorth:IPA ar gyfer Almaeneg

(Ailgyfeiriad o Cymorth:IPA for German)

Mae'r siart isod yn dangos sut mae'r IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) yn cynrychioli'r Almaeneg.

Cytseiniaid
IPAEnghraifftSain
bBall[1]ball
çich, durchhyll
ddann[1]dafad
fFass, Vogelfan
ɡGast[1]'gogoledd
hhathet
jjaiâr
kkaltcar
lLastlemon
mMastmynnu
nNahtneges
ŋlangllong
pPaktporffor
pfPfahltebyg i cupfull (Saesneg)
ʁRast[2]yn debyg iawn i'r ch Gymraeg
ʀ
ryn debyg i t' fel yn twmffat
sHastmast
ʃschal, Steinshop
tTaltôn
tsZahlatsain
Matschcwts
vwasY Faenol
xBach[3]coch
zHase[1]Sais
ʔbeamtet[4]
([bəˈʔamtət])
the glottal stop in uh-oh!
Cytsain annaturiol
Dschungel[1]jam
ʒGenie[1]llysiau
Stress
ˈBahnhofstraße
([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])
fel yn y gair battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/
ˌ
Llafariaid
IPAExamplesSain
Monophthongs
aDachcap
Bahncap
Beetffein
ɛBett, hättepen
ɛːwähle[5]gweiddi
vielffin
ɪbistffynn
Boottebyg i law (Saesneg)
ɔPostpot (ynganiad deheuol)
øːÖltebyg i hurt (Saesneg)
œgöttlichtebyg i hurt (Saesneg)
Hutllw
ʊPutzgwn
Rübechwiw
ʏfülltfel yr uchod ond yn fyrrach
Diphthongs
weittrai
Hautllawn
ɔʏHeu, Räubertebyg i boy (Saesneg)
Vowel reduction
ɐOber[2]fun
əhaltecoma
Semivowels
ɐ̯Uhr[2]coma
Studiecrio
aktuelldiwrnod
Non-native vowels[6]
eMethan(short [eː])
ivitalcyfri (byr [iː])
oMoral(byr [oː])
øÖkonom(byr [øː])
ukulant(byr [uː])
yPsychologie(byr [yː])

Notes golygu

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The German lenis consonants [b d ɡ z ʒ dʒ] are often pronounced without voice as [b̥ ɡ̊ ʒ̊ d̥ʒ̊]. In Southern German, the voiceless pronunciation prevails.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Amrywir sain yr /r/ mewn Almaaeneg yn ôl ardal: [r] yn y Swistir a [ʁ] a [ʀ] yn yr Almaen ble mae /r/ yn debycach i [ɐ̯] ar ôl llafariaid a seinir /ər/ fel [ɐ]
  3. /x/ is realized as a uvular fricative Nodyn:IPAblink after /a/, /aː/, and often /ʊ/, /ɔ/, and /aʊ/.
  4. In many varieties of German except for Swiss Standard German, all initial vowels are preceded by Nodyn:IPAblink.
  5. [ɛː] - sy'n cael ei gyfnewid gyda [eː].
  6. [e i o ø u y], the short versions of the long vowels [eː iː oː øː uː yː], are used in unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur only in loanwords. In native words, the accent is generally on the first syllable, and there are no syllables before the accent besides prepositional prefixes.

Llyfryddiaeth golygu

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