这篇文章的共同创作者是 Lacy Windham, MD. Windham是美国田纳西州的一位认证妇产科医生。她曾在孟菲斯就读于田纳西大学健康科学中心的医学院,并于2010年在东弗吉尼亚医学院完成专科住院实习。Windham荣获过最杰出实习医生奖、最杰出肿瘤学住院医师和最杰出全科住院医师等奖项。
本文引用了21条参考,详情参见页面底部。
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子宫颈癌是发生在子宫颈(子宫底部)的癌症。好发年龄为20到50岁,但是任何年龄的女性都有可能患病。绝大多数患者都没有定期接受医疗护理,和子宫颈抹片检查。好在只要及早发现和接受治疗,子宫颈癌是可以治愈的。[1] 你需要留意的主要症状是阴道异常出血和疼痛。一般来说,当癌前病变或不正常的细胞变成浸润性癌,才会出现症状。所以,一发现有变化,一定要尽快就医。定期做子宫颈抹片和人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检查,可以帮助你在癌前病变演变成子宫颈癌之前,及早发现它们。[2][3]
步骤
- 一旦出现症状,请尽快就医。延误治疗会导致病情恶化,降低治愈的几率。[28][29]
- 医生会询问你的症状、个人和家族病史。她也会告诉你患上子宫颈癌的风险因素,比如有许多性伴侣、过早发生性行为、患有其它性病、免疫力低下和抽烟。[30][31]
- 医生会检查身体,确认你的整体健康状况。她也会给你做子宫颈抹片和人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检查(如果你之前没有做过)。这些筛查只能识别子宫颈癌的征兆,不能用来确诊。[32]
- 当子宫颈抹片检查结果不正常,和(或)出现符合子宫颈癌的症状,医生会进行诊断性检查。在阴道镜检查中,医生用窥器打开阴道(就像扩张器一样)。它也会放大子宫颈,好让医生看见子宫颈是否有不正常的地方。医生也会刮取少许内子宫颈细胞(最靠近子宫的部位)[33] ,和(或)以圆锥状方式切除活体组织。之后,交给病理学家用显微镜检查,诊断细胞是否出现癌前病变或癌变。[34]
- 询问医生你得多久做一次子宫颈抹片和HPV检查。医生根据许多因素决定你的检查频率,或之后是否需要进行跟进检查,其中包括年龄、性爱史、之前的子宫颈抹片检查是否有异常,和你之前是否曾经感染过HPV。[48]广告
参考
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/cervical_facts.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/pms/irregular-periods.aspx
- ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/difference-perimenopause
- ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/difference-perimenopause
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/vaginal-hysterectomy/basics/what-you-can-expect/prc-20020565
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/pms/irregular-periods.aspx
- ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/difference-perimenopause
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.menstruation-info-with-doc.com/menstruation-blood.html
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/hysterectomy.html
- ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/difference-perimenopause
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76
- ↑ http://www.menstruation-info-with-doc.com/menstruation-blood.html
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/When-Sex-Is-Painful
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004016.htm
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004016.htm
- ↑ http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/When-Sex-Is-Painful
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/basics/risk-factors/con-20030522
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-diagnosis
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-diagnosis
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-what-is-cervical-cancer
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-diagnosis
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection/cervical-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-cervical-cancer-signs-and-symptoms
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-prevention
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
- ↑ http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/pap-test.html
- ↑ http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/pap-test.html
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/cervical_facts.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening.htm
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-what-is-cervical-cancer
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-what-is-cervical-cancer
- ↑ http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/healthy+living/recommended+health+checks/pap+smears/pap+smear+results+what+do+they+mean
- ↑ http://www.womenshealth.gov/screening-tests-and-vaccines/screening-tests-for-women/index.html
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/cervical_facts.pdf
- ↑ http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/pap-test.html
- ↑ http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/pap-test.html
- ↑ http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-key-statistics
- ↑ https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/cervical/cervical-cancer/precancerous-conditions/?region=bc
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