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穆斯林每年都会庆祝两大节日,以此来纪念两个重要场合。这两个节日有许多名称,但最常被称为“开斋节”(Eid al-Fitr)和“哈芝节”(Eid al-Adha)。这两个节日都注重为穷人祈祷并实施慈善行为,以及跟家人朋友一起庆祝,不过本质上还是有一些区别。下面会详细解释这两个节日,包括开斋、祷告、送礼和宰牲等习俗。
须知事项
- 在斋月结束时庆祝开斋节,在朝圣期结束时庆祝哈芝节。
- 穆斯林在这两个节日会先洗澡或淋浴,换上自己最好的衣服和香水,然后才干干净净地去祈祷。
- 在开斋节,穆斯林停止斋戒,参加早晨祈祷,吃甜食,向社区的穷人施舍。
- 在哈芝节,穆斯林会宰杀牲畜献祭,之后把肉分发给家人、邻居和穷人。
步骤
- 在这一天剩下的时间好好享用食物、休息或参加庆祝活动。许多人会跟家人一起吃以肉、土豆、米饭、大麦或其它喜欢的食物为主的午餐和(或)晚餐。有些人会在下午休息,让从日出开始就不断忙碌的身体得到恢复。有的人则会参加开斋节集市和其它庆祝活动,或是造访已故亲友的墓地。[19]
- 在许多地区,开斋节会庆祝3天,或是不同的穆斯林团体在不同的日子分开庆祝。如果你愿意,也可以在第二天早起重复相同的庆祝和祷告流程。
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- 参加祷告。跟开斋节一样,穆斯林(有时候只限男人)会在哈芝节早晨参加祷告和讲道。每个人都会尽量穿戴整齐,让自己看起来得体。沐浴净身后,有经济能力的人会穿上新衣服。[22]
- 宰杀一只动物献祭,并把肉分发出去。有经济能力的个人或家庭会按照伊斯兰教规宰杀并烹煮一头健康的牲畜,纪念真主给了依布拉欣一只羊,代替他的儿子伊斯迈尔作为献牲的祭品。屠宰的肉分成三份,一份留给自家或组织这场献祭的群体,一份送给亲友,一份送给穷人或饥饿的人。[23]
- 人们通常聚集在一起举行烧烤,或者食用用土窑烤制的肉。他们也会吃其它食物,除了必须遵循伊斯兰法规外,没有其它特殊要求。
- 由于各种原因无法宰杀动物献祭的人,可以将钱捐赠给有能力宰杀动物的人,聘请屠夫,或是以宰杀一头牲畜相等的金额进行慈善捐赠。[24]
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小提示
- 非穆斯林也能一同欢庆开斋节和哈芝节。有些穆斯林会邀请非穆斯林朋友和邻居一同参与一些传统习俗。
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参考
- ↑ https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-ap-top-news-religion-saudi-arabia-holidays-85106d29271a409882de5dfef3d1793c
- ↑ https://ibw21.org/editors-choice/why-muslims-celebrate-eid-twice-a-year-6-questions-answered/
- ↑ https://www.calendardate.com/eid_al_fitr_2023.htm
- ↑ https://aboutislam.net/counseling/ask-the-scholar/arts-entertainment/eid-etiquette-and-rulings/
- ↑ https://www.islamicfinder.org/news/how-muslims-around-the-world-dress-up-for-eid-ul-fitr/
- ↑ https://www.alislam.org/question/why-how-eid-ul-fitr-celebrated/
- ↑ https://en.vogue.me/culture/tips-designs-your-henna-inspiration-for-this-eid/
- ↑ https://www.alislam.org/question/why-how-eid-ul-fitr-celebrated/
- ↑ https://dohanews.co/eid-breakfast-dishes-a-list-of-sentimental-traditions/
- ↑ https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/11/522771745/maamoul-an-ancient-cookie-that-ushers-in-easter-and-eid-in-the-middle-east
- ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/07/eid-al-fitr-160701164352978.html
- ↑ https://ibw21.org/editors-choice/why-muslims-celebrate-eid-twice-a-year-6-questions-answered/
- ↑ https://mcb.org.uk/press-releases/eid-al-fitr-2020/
- ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/07/eid-al-fitr-160701164352978.html
- ↑ https://www.halifaxpubliclibraries.ca/blogs/post/celebrating-eid-al-fitr-history-a-recipe-and-a-book-list/
- ↑ https://ge.usembassy.gov/eid-traditions-in-the-united-states/
- ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/eid-al-fitr-when-ramadan-mubarak-meaning-definition-holiday-islam-a8941211.html
- ↑ https://www.zakat.org/what-is-zakat-al-fitr-the-special-ramadan-zakat
- ↑ https://www.veranda.com/home-decorators/advice-from-designers/a33393913/how-to-celebrate-eid-al-adha-during-coronavirus/#
- ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/eid-al-fitr-when-ramadan-mubarak-meaning-definition-holiday-islam-a8941211.html
- ↑ https://www.calendardate.com/eid_al_adha_2023.htm
- ↑ https://www.npr.org/2021/07/19/1017084608/eid-2021-fashion-trend-sustainability
- ↑ https://www.theweek.co.uk/55587/eid-al-adha-2018-when-is-greater-eid-and-how-is-it-celebrated
- ↑ https://muslimmirror.com/eng/charity-or-social-service-no-substitute-for-eid-al-adha-qurbani-sharia-council/
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