How to Run Longer and Faster

There are several factors that go into being a good runner and believe it or not, it isn't all about speed and agility. To build your endurance and increase your speed as a runner, you have to learn how to take care of your body. But taking care of yourself doesn't stop at stretching, it also includes eating a proper diet and wearing the right type of running shoes. Follow the steps below to revamp your running routine and start clocking those miles at faster speeds than ever before.

Part 1

Part 1 of 4:

Creating the Right Environment

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^{[1]XExpert SourceFrancisco Gomez
Fitness CoachExpert Interview. 24 October 2019.} Some people have difficulty running first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, and others thrive on 5 am runs. Find the time of day that works best for your body and gradually add distance and speed.
Make a playlist that has varied music that can help you know when to speed up and when to jog. Interval training that transitions between fast sprints and recovery jogs helps to build speed over time. Mix a few of your favorite techno or hard rock songs in with some hip hop or country and create a pump-up mix that will get your legs moving in no time.
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Alternately, try running without music. If you've always listened to music while exercising, try ditching the iPod for awhile and see how that makes your body feel.
- Some people can increase their running distance by not being restricted by the length or tempo of their playlist.
- Running without music allows you to focus on your breath and listen to the sound of your body working.
Put on a running outfit that makes you feel energized and swift. While some people actually enjoy the heavy feel of a sweatshirt that makes them sweat it out, others prefer lightweight shorts and sweat-reducing material. Wear the clothing that you feel most comfortable in.
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Choose the right shoes. Running shoes come in very specific fits that are tailored to the length and width of your foot and are made for specific types of running.^{[2]XExpert SourceFrancisco Gomez
Fitness CoachExpert Interview. 24 October 2019.} You can injure your feet by wearing improper footwear, so make sure to get your feet fitted by a specialist.
- Road running shoes should be worn on concrete and other hard, man-made surfaces.
- Trail running shoes should be worn for off-road running on dirt trails, sandy beaches, and rocky or muddy paths.
- Know if you have a high-arch, a normal arch, or a flat foot. The arch of your foot will determine how your foot moves as you run.
- If your foot hits the ground equally, choose a neutral shoe. If you over-pronate your foot by rolling inward too much, choose a shoe for stability or motion control. If you supinate your foot by rolling outward too much, choose a shoe with a lot of cushioning and flexibility.^{[3]XResearch source}

Part 2

Part 2 of 4:

Establishing a Routine

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Warm up and stretch. Slowly jog half of a mile before stretching. Doing so allows you to warm up your joints and muscles before you stretch them, thus preventing injury. Be sure to perform dynamic stretches that include motion such as:
- Leg lifts. Swing one leg out to the side as far as you can swing it, and then swing it back across your body in front of your standing leg, as far as possible. Repeat this stretch ten times on each leg.
- Cheerleader Kicks. Keep your back and knees straight, and walking forward, lift your legs straight out in front in an exaggerated march, and flex your toes towards you.
- Butt kicks. Perform an exaggerated running-in-place motion while standing to loosen up your knees, hamstrings, and quads.
- Walking lunges. Squat into a wide lunge with one foot dramatically out in front of the other, and continue to switch between legs as you slowly progress forward.
- Shoulder stretches. Don't forget to stretch your torso and shoulders to prevent cramping during your run. You use your arms to propel you forward when you sprint, so you'll need to be loose and limber. Pull one arm straight across your chest and hug it in with the forearm of your other arm. Switch sides and stretch the other arm.
Use a stopwatch to log yourself for various mileages in order to track your progress.
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Put yourself on a regiment that builds endurance and speed. Incorporate hills into your runs two to three times per week to push your boundaries and condition your body.^{[4]XExpert SourceFrancisco Gomez
Fitness CoachExpert Interview. 24 October 2019.} Try following this example weekly routine:
- Day 1: 10-20-10. Jog for 10 minutes, run briskly for 20 minutes (80% effort), and then jog for another 10 minutes.
- Day 2: Sprint training. Head to a track and practice sprints. Jog ¹⁄₂ mile (0.8 km), then run another mile, sprinting the straightaways and jogging the turns. Start out with just the mile and a half, and gradually increase your distance.
- Day 3: Rest.
- Day 4: Long 60-90 minute run. Run at a pace that is comfortable enough to keep going.
- Day 5: 10-20-10. Jog for 10 minutes, run briskly for 20 minutes (80% effort), and then jog for another 10 minutes.
- Day 6: Rest.
- Day 7: Sprint training. Head to a track and practice sprints. Jog ¹⁄₂ mile (0.8 km), then run another mile, sprinting the straightaways and jogging the turns. Start out with just the mile and a half, and gradually increase your distance.
Being patient with yourself is one of the most important aspects of building endurance. Avoid pushing yourself to run too far until you have become comfortable with a gradual distance increase. Basically, don't try to run six miles right off the bat. Start out with one mile, then build up to a mile and a half, then two miles, etc.
Usain Bolt, Olympic Sprinter
Hard work pays off. "A lot of people will see you run and they'll say, ‘it looks so easy, it looks effortless’. But before you get to the point where people see that, it’s hard; it’s a lot of hard work."
Don't try to sprint out a five-mile run, you'll exhaust (and maybe even injure) yourself. Start off with a light jog and gradually build up your speed as you run.
Your breath can have a huge impact on your ability to run long distances like a 5K or a 10K. Make sure you are breathing in and out of your nose, or in through your nose and out through your mouth, depending on your preference. A steady breath means a steady heart rate and a higher lung capacity.^{[5]XExpert SourceFrancisco Gomez
Fitness CoachExpert Interview. 24 October 2019.}

Part 3

Part 3 of 4:

Learning the Technique for Speed

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You want to run with the same poise that you walk. Don't hunch or bend your back as you run, keep your spine as straight as possible.
Plantar flexion occurs when you push off the ground by flexing your ankle joint. Dorsiflexion is the process of pulling your knee up off of the ground at a 90-degree angle. This reloads your ankle for forward push-off.
The hip flexor and lower back must flex as you run to hold your back straight and support forward motion. Make sure you are cycling the legs forward, not recovering the legs behind your body.
As you run, alternate driving your elbows back and forward in an exaggerated motion. As your elbow drives back, your opposite knee should lift up. Your elbows should also be bent at about 90-degree angles.
The longer your stride, the more effective your forward motions will be. To create longer strides, use your legs to push rather than pull you forward. This means the bulk of the power when you run should come from whichever leg is behind during the push-off.
Once you have the basic technique down, you can begin to decrease the interval between each stride, meaning you will pick up the pace and run faster. Try not to compromise your stride length as you increase your speed.
To develop speed over long distances, first incorporate intervals of 30-second or one-minute sprints into your runs.

Part 4

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Choosing the Right Diet

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1
Hydrate with plenty of water. Make sure to drink the recommended 3 liters (0.8 US gal) of fluid for men and 2.2 liters (0.6 US gal) of fluid for women per day.^{[6]XResearch source} For runs over an hour long, you will need to drink water during your run.
- Drink water up to two hours before a long run. During the run, sip water in small sips and frequently to avoid bloating or cramping.
- After a long run, drink 500 milliliters (16.9 fl oz) of water immediately, and then continue to sip water throughout the day to replenish your water supply.
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Incorporate lean proteins into your diet. You can get lean protein from fish, chicken, turkey, tofu, eggs, and beans, just to name a few.
- Salmon is one of the best sources of Omega-3 beneficial fats, which promote a healthy inflammation response. An increase in Omega-3's in your diet may also help reduce the symptoms of asthma.
- One egg a day will give you 30% your daily value of Vitamin K, which promotes healthy bones. In addition, eggs contain all of the essential amino acids that aid in muscle recovery. After a long run, your body will thank you for replenishing your store of amino acids.
- Avoid a diet high in red meat or processed meat. Both are thought to increase the risk of colorectal cancer, heighten bad cholesterol levels, and contribute to clogged arteries and a higher risk of heart attack.
Nuts, especially almonds, are high in Vitamin E antioxidants and Omega-3 fatty acids that can help lower bad cholesterol levels in the body. Vitamin E also protects body tissue from potential damage from free radicals. Be aware that nuts are high in fat, so only consume the recommended serving size daily.^{[7]XResearch source}
Dark greens and berries are packed full of healthy antioxidants and greens are extremely rich in fiber, which promotes digestive regularity. Foods like sweet potatoes and carrots are rich in beta-carotene, a healthy antioxidant that promotes muscle recovery.
^{[8]XExpert SourceFrancisco Gomez
Fitness CoachExpert Interview. 24 October 2019.} When purchasing cereal, bread, crackers, and other carbohydrate-based foods, choose the whole grain or whole wheat option. Whole grains contain fiber and phytonutrients that support healthy digestion.
Potassium decreases the likelihood that you will develop cramps while you run, helps keep you hydrated, and speeds up muscle recovery. Good sources of potassium include bananas, milk, yogurt, and potatoes.^{[9]XResearch source}
Oranges and orange juice are excellent sources of Vitamin C, which is thought to help aid in muscle soreness and promote a healthy immune system. If you aren't getting enough Vitamin C from your diet, consider taking a Vitamin C supplement or multivitamin daily.^{[10]XResearch source}

Run Faster and Longer with this Expert Series

Are you a beginner runner or trying to get to the next level? With time, dedication, and the right strategy, you can increase your speed and endurance. Use these expert articles to improve your running today!

1

How to Get Faster at Running: Training, Exercises, & More

2

Run a Faster Mile: Workout and Training Tips

3

Increase Your Running Stamina

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Question
How can long-distance runners take care of their ankles?
Jonathan Frank, MD
Sports Orthopedic Surgeon & Joint Preservation Specialist
Dr. Jonathan Frank is an Orthopedic Surgeon based in Beverly Hills, California, specializing in sports medicine and joint preservation. Dr. Frank's practice focuses on minimally invasive, arthroscopic surgery of the knee, shoulder, hip, and elbow. Dr. Frank holds an MD from the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine. He completed an orthopedic residency at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and a fellowship in Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Hip Preservation at the Steadman Clinic in Vail, Colorado. He is a staff team physician for the US Ski and Snowboard Team. Dr. Frank is currently a scientific reviewer for top peer-reviewed scientific journals, and his research has been presented at regional, national, and international orthopedic conferences, winning several awards including the prestigious Mark Coventry and William A Grana awards.
Jonathan Frank, MD
Sports Orthopedic Surgeon & Joint Preservation Specialist
Expert Answer
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What exercises can improve my running speed?
Francisco Gomez
Fitness Coach
Francisco Gomez is the Head Coach at the FIT Potato Gym, a training gym established in 2001 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Francisco is a former competitive runner who helps endurance athletes train for major marathons like the Boston Marathon. Francisco specializes in Injury Rehab, Flexibility, Marathon Training, and Senior Fitness. He has a B.S. in Nutrition and Exercise Physiology & Running.
Francisco Gomez
Fitness Coach
Expert Answer
Be sure to stretch your quads, hamstrings, and calves to help you feel looser and faster.
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I can run fast, but I am tired after 15 minutes. What do I do?
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Practice regularly. The more you run, the more stamina you will build. Instead of trying to show your speed, try to jog in the beginning, and increase your speed throughout. Also, stretching in the beginning can help your muscles build up more, which also increases your speed. Follow the guidelines in the article.
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Take your complex carbohydrates 30-60 minutes before the run, so you'll have enough energy to make your run.
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Download an exercise app such as RunKeeper or MapMyRun to easily keep track of your distance and speed.
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Be sure to stretch after warming up and after you complete your run. Failure to stretch after a long run can cause lasting injury.
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