How to Remove Hard Water Stains From Glass

Hard water stains appear as white, hazy spots on glass surfaces. This is due to a build-up of alkaline and other minerals in your water. While these stains are notoriously tough to remove, you can use both liquid and non-liquid cleaners to help get your glass back into sparkling condition. There are also several ways that you can prevent hard water stains from returning once you’ve successfully removed them.

Method 1

Method 1 of 3:

Using Liquid Cleaners

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1
Use an acidic cleaner for best results. Because hard water stains are alkaline, it’s best to remove them with a powerful acid. Look for a cleaning product that contains either phosphoric, sulfuric, or hydrochloric acid, as these acids should be able to effectively break down the stains. Read the directions on the product’s label and apply the acid cleaner to the stained areas as instructed.^{[1]XResearch source}
- Acidic cleaning products are toxic, so be sure to take safety precautions when handling them, such as wearing eye protection and gloves, and don’t use them on surfaces that come in contact with food, such as kitchen countertops.
- Acidic cleaning products work well on enamel and acrylic surfaces but can damage many others, including natural marble, stone, terrazzo, anodized or polished aluminum, and colored grout. To prevent damage, test the product in an inconspicuous area before using it on the entire stained area.^{[2]XResearch source}
Combine salt and water and use the mixture to remove the mineral buildup. The salt acts as a scouring powder and can cut through the stain. Apply the mixture to the area and use a clean cloth to rub the stain in a circular motion. Rinse the glass thoroughly when finished to remove all saltwater residue.
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3
Use white vinegar. Vinegar is an acid, which helps to loosen mineral deposits, and white vinegar is clear/colorless enough to not cause any staining. It’s also a natural liquid cleaner that isn’t toxic and won't potentially burn your eyes or lungs like other chemical cleaners.^{[3]XExpert SourceRaymond Chiu
House Cleaning ProfessionalExpert Interview. 8 May 2020.}
- Mix some lemon juice into the vinegar to increase the effectiveness and add a fresh lemon scent. Lemon juice (another an acid) has the same effect on minerals as vinegar.^{[4]XResearch source}
- Put your vinegar and lemon juice in a spray bottle and slightly warm them in the microwave, for 20-40 seconds depending on your microwave. A warmed cleaner can be more effective at lifting stains than cold or room temperature cleaner. Just be sure to remove the spray bottle top so that it doesn’t explode in the microwave.^{[5]XResearch source}
- Spray the vinegar solution on the glass and let it stand for about 2-3 minutes before wiping it clean with a dry, lint-free cloth or a paper towel.
- To remove hard water stains from drinking glasses and other small glass items, fill a basin with a 50/50 solution of vinegar and water, and allow the items to soak in the solution for several hours before rinsing thoroughly.
A rinsing agent, such as Jet-Dry, will help remove hard water stains from your dishes. Fill up the designated area in your dishwasher with the rinsing agent, add your usual dishwashing detergent, and run the dishwasher for clear and clean glasses.
It creates a toxic gas. You can try super-charging your regular all-purpose window/glass cleaner with some ammonia in order to cut through hard water stains.^{[6]XResearch source}
If these commercial products still don’t give you the desired results, you can get even tougher products from your local hardware store. Be careful though, and be sure to follow all of the manufacturer’s instructions since these will be very powerful products.^{[7]XResearch source}

Method 2

Method 2 of 3:

Using Non-Liquid Cleaners

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1
Start with some “elbow grease.” Before getting into expensive or potentially toxic cleaning products, try using these scrubbing techniques first.
- Use “magic” and “eraser” cleaning pads or other non-scratching scrubbing sponges to safely scrub your glass surfaces. Try to remove as much as you can by scrubbing with one of these moistened sponges.^{[8]XExpert SourceRaymond Chiu
  House Cleaning ProfessionalExpert Interview. 8 May 2020.}
- It’s okay to use baking soda as an abrasive,^{[9]XExpert SourceRaymond Chiu
  House Cleaning ProfessionalExpert Interview. 8 May 2020.} but never use hard-bristle brushes or other abrasive cleaning tools when cleaning glass. These tools can damage the surface of the glass by scratching and/or etching it.
- Scrubbing works best on smaller hard water deposits, newer stains, and those that are not firmly set in.^{[10]XResearch source}
2
Brush on some toothpaste. Many home cleaners use toothpaste as an alternative to baking soda.^{[11]XResearch source}
- Apply some regular toothpaste to a moist towel and rub it over the stain using circular motions.
- Wait a few minutes and then rinse off the paste with equal parts water and vinegar to remove all residue.
Restore shower doors with household cleaners. "I hated seeing those hard water stains all over my glass shower doors ever since we got a new water system. I assumed I'd need some strong chemical cleaner to stand a chance. But this article says white vinegar might do the trick! And I've got plenty of that in my cupboard. I can't wait to finally get rid of those annoying spots and have pretty, sparkling doors again!" - Guillermo E.
Envision streak-free windows thanks to clever scrubbers. "I'm embarrassed to admit how long I've put off washing the outside windows around my house. They've gotten so dusty and gross over the past year. Reading about using toothpaste and magic erasers makes the job seem way more doable, though. There is no need for anything fancy — just handy stuff I already have." - Sofia A.
Remove cloudy film from glassware with odd ingredients. "My mom gave me a beautiful crystal decanter set last year, but hard water stains made the glasses go all foggy and dull, looking so fast. I worried those spots were permanent since nothing seemed to shift them. But the toothpaste method sounds easy enough to attempt before I relegate them to the back of the cabinet! I'm hoping this odd trick works to revive my heirloom glasses." - Marilyn T.
Confirm household products lift tough stains safely. "I scrubbed so hard trying to get those mineral stains off my shower glass that I was scared I might actually scratch or ruin the surface. This guide recommends first going the gentle route with salt, vinegar, and baking soda — no need to attack the glass if I can use common kitchen staples." - Elizabeth B.
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3
Use commercial paste cleaners. There are several commercial cleaning products for hard water stains that come in a paste formula.
- The main benefit of using a paste over liquid cleaner is that the paste will not leave its own liquid streaks or water marks.
- A downside to using paste products, though, is that they can leave behind a foggy haze if not buffed off of the glass. Be sure to follow all the label instructions to avoid this side effect.

Method 3

Method 3 of 3:

Preventing Future Hard Water Stains

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1
Stop stains before they start. One of the best ways to get rid of hard water stains is to intervene at the source of the problem and try to correct the pH balance and mineral levels in your water.
- You can try to remove the minerals in the water by attaching a filter to your water system.^{[12]XResearch source}
- Water softeners can also be added to counteract hard water.
2
Regularly wipe down and clean glass surfaces. Hard water should be removed regularly in order to prevent it from drying into stains.
- Dry your shower doors after each use with a lint-free towel or with a squeegee to remove all water residue or streaks.^{[13]XResearch source}
- Clean your glass every week or so to stay ahead of build-up.
- Act quickly: the longer a stain sits, the harder it will be to remove, and it can even become permanently etched into the glass surface.^{[14]XResearch source}
3
Protect from future stains. You can also prevent hard water stains by sealing or protecting your glass surfaces.
- For glass tables, be sure to use coasters under drinking glasses. They’ll intercept any drips and spills and keep them from leaving ring stains on the table.^{[15]XResearch source}
- For shower doors, consider applying a wax-based protective coat once or twice a year. The water will run off the wax-treated glass and leave your door clear and clean.^{[16]XResearch source}

Expert Q&A

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Question
What do you use to scrub glass?
Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Raymond Chiu is the Director of Operations for MaidSailors.com, a residential and commercial cleaning service based in New York City that provides home and office cleaning services at affordable prices. He has a Bachelors in Business Administration and Management from Baruch College.
Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Expert Answer
Try "magic" and "eraser" cleaning pads because they clean without leaving scratches. Make sure you use a non-scratching sponge on glass.
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How do I remove factory cup marks from my glass interior?
Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Mark Spelman is a General Contractor based in Austin, Texas. With over 30 years of construction experience, Mark specializes in constructing interiors, project management, and project estimation. He has been a construction professional since 1987.
Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Expert Answer
Elbow grease is the best method for removing marks from the glass. Scrub the area with a firm pressure to remove the residue. If this doesn't work, try one of the cleaners listed above.
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How do I remove hard water stains from my glass shower door?
Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Raymond Chiu is the Director of Operations for MaidSailors.com, a residential and commercial cleaning service based in New York City that provides home and office cleaning services at affordable prices. He has a Bachelors in Business Administration and Management from Baruch College.
Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Expert Answer
Spray the door with undiluted vinegar and let the liquid sit for 10-15 minutes. Then use a microfiber cloth or squeegee to wipe. You can also add baking soda to the mixture if the stains are very tough. Repeat the steps if the stains are still present.
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Tips

If you are uncertain of a product, test it in an inconspicuous place to avoid damage.^{[17]XResearch source}
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Try using cleaning sponges instead of a cloth; they tend to be stronger yet less abrasive.^{[18]XResearch source}
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If the stain persists, spray it again, let it sit, then wipe it down. Repeat the process as necessary.
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Warnings

Be sure to always follow the manufacturer's label instructions and wear the appropriate protective gear (gloves, eye protection, a face mask) before using chemical cleaners.
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Make sure you do not add ammonia to bleach.
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