How to Improve Your Digestive Health

Experts agree that good digestive health is important for absorbing nutrients from the food you eat, but digestive problems can occur if your system isn't running properly.^{[1]XTrustworthy SourceHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard Medical School's Educational Site for the PublicGo to source} Although digestive problems may be uncomfortable and embarrassing, they're also very common. Research suggests that simple changes like adopting a high fiber diet, staying hydrated, incorporating fermented foods into your diet, and avoiding trigger foods are essential for good digestive health.^{[2]XTrustworthy SourceNational Health Service (UK)Public healthcare system of the UKGo to source} While simple dietary and lifestyle changes may relieve your digestive issues, see a doctor if your symptoms don't improve or they're interfering with your life.

Part 1

Part 1 of 4:

Preventing Diarrhea and Constipation

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1
Increase your fiber intake. Fiber is made up of the parts of plant foods that your body can't digest, but instead pass without absorbing. Most people get only a small portion of the 25 to 30 mg of fiber that is recommended for healthy digestion.^{[3]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} Your body needs both soluble fiber, which dissolves in water to form a gel-like consistency, and insoluble fiber, which does not dissolve in water.^{[4]XTrustworthy SourceMedlinePlusCollection of medical information sourced from the US National Library of MedicineGo to source}
- Get more soluble fiber by eating more oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruits, carrots, and barley. This will also help control your cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
- Eat more insoluble fiber by adding whole-wheat flour, wheat bran, nuts, beans, and vegetables like cauliflower and green beans to your diet. Increasing your intake of insoluble fiber will help keep your bowel movements regular and combat constipation.
- Many plant foods contain both soluble and insoluble fibers, so you can easily maximize your intake of both by eating a diet filled with diverse grains and vegetables.
- High fiber foods are generally low in calories and they will also help you control your weight, lower your blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and reduce your risk of hemorrhoids.^{[5]XTrustworthy SourceCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human ServicesGo to source}
2
Drink plenty of water.^{[6]XExpert SourcePeter Gardner, MD
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 25 August 2020} The combination of high fiber and water will increase the efficiency of your digestion by helping to soften and break down foods so your body can absorb the nutrients. It will also soften your stool and make regular bowl movements easier.^{[7]XResearch source}
- Doctors sometimes recommend eight 8-oz. glasses per day (1.9 l)^{[8]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
  Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.}, but the amount you need will vary with your body weight, how active you are, and what climate you live in.
- If you get headaches in the evening, feel tired, lightheaded, nauseous, and sweat very little even when it is hot, you might need to drink more water.^{[9]XResearch source}
- Other signs of dehydration include reduced urine output and urine that is darker than usual.
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3
Eat fermented foods daily to cultivate healthy gut bacteria. A healthy digestive tract has many species of microorganisms which help break down food. Eating fermented products like yogurt, kefir, kimchi, natural sauerkraut, tempeh and kombucha will help replenish and balance the bacterial community in your digestive system.^{[10]XTrustworthy SourcePubMed CentralJournal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of HealthGo to source} Not only will this combat diarrhea and constipation, but it may also improve or prevent several other health conditions:
- Diarrhea after antibiotics have killed some of the naturally occurring gut bacteria
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Vaginal yeast infections and urinary tract infections
- Colds and flu
4
Add supplements to your diet to be sure you are getting everything you need. It is best to do this in consultation with a doctor because supplements may alter how your body absorbs some medications. A doctor will help you adjust the dosages to be right for you.
- Take prebiotic supplements. These supplements will help you get enough fiber in your diet, promote the growth of healthy gut bacteria, and alleviate constipation.^{[11]XResearch source} You should make sure you area also eating prebiotic foods such as oatmeal or berries.
- Try probiotics. Probiotics are bacteria and yeasts that are similar to those naturally occurring in your digestive tract and aid digestion. Probiotic supplements can help treat diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcers.^{[12]XTrustworthy SourceCleveland ClinicEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitalsGo to source}
- Add essential vitamins to your diet. Essential vitamins are those that your body needs to function properly. They include A, B, C, and D vitamins. Adequate vitamin levels are necessary for your body to process proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids, absorb iron, and maintain immune functions. Supplements can help you avoid deficiencies.^{[13]XTrustworthy SourcePubMed CentralJournal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of HealthGo to source}
5
Eat less salty, sugary, and fatty foods.^{[14]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} Not only can these substances cause stomachaches in high quantities, but they slow digestion, causing constipation.^{[15]XExpert SourcePeter Gardner, MD
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 25 August 2020}
- Eat less prepackaged, processed foods.^{[16]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
  Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} They often have high quantities of sugar, as well as salt and fat, added to them. They will also prevent you from being hungry for healthier foods, like high fiber foods.
6
Exercise for at least 30 minutes per day.^{[17]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} What is good for the entire body is good for the digestive system. Exercise will reduce stress, control your weight, and help your intestines to contract normally, moving food through your system.^{[18]XTrustworthy SourceNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesHealth information from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, a division of the U.S. National Institutes of HealthGo to source}
- The activity should be strenuous enough to increase your heart rate. Do something you enjoy like fast walking, jogging, or biking.
- If you have other health concerns like high blood pressure or heart problems, discuss any new exercise plans with your doctor before starting.

Part 2

Part 2 of 4:

Combating Abdominal Pain, Bloating, Cramping, and Gas

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1
Eat many small meals rather than only a few large ones. This will prevent you from getting extremely hungry and eating too much.^{[19]XTrustworthy SourceFamilyDoctor.orgFamily-focused medical advice site run by the American Academy of Family DoctorsGo to source}
- Eat slowly to give your body time to register that you have eaten and signal to you that you are no longer hungry. Eating too fast makes it more likely that you will eat larger amounts before you realize you are full, causing uncomfortable stomach stretching and painful bloating.^{[20]XExpert SourcePeter Gardner, MD
  Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 25 August 2020}
- Eat these small meals at the same time every day so that your body can anticipate the meal and physiologically prepare.
2
Determine what foods irritate your digestive system and avoid them.^{[21]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} What foods people don't tolerate may vary greatly from person to person. Try keeping a food diary to discover if there are any foods that upset your GI system. Write down what you ate at each meal and then write down any symptoms that develop. Try eliminating groups of food that may trigger upset and see if your digestive health improves. Types of foods that are frequent triggers include:
- Fatty foods like cheese, deep-fried foods, and fast food
- Highly acidic foods including coffee, tea, tomatoes, vinegar, and citrus fruits (lemons, limes, grapefruits)
- Gassy foods such as beans, cabbage, or carbonated drinks
- Spicy foods
- Gluten/wheat
- Dairy, soy, corn, and fructose
Salt causes your body to retain water, making you feel bloated. ^{[22]XTrustworthy SourceCleveland ClinicEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitalsGo to source}
4
Determine whether you are lactose intolerant. ^{[23]XExpert SourcePeter Gardner, MD
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 25 August 2020} People who are lactose intolerant do not produce enough of the lactase enzyme and so cannot digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and other dairy products. ^{[24]XResearch source}
- Symptoms include bloating, cramping, gas, diarrhea, and nausea 30 minutes to two hours after consuming milk products.
- If these symptoms occur, try avoiding milk, cheese, ice cream and other milk products.
- Thoroughly boil milk before drinking it. This will break down the lactose.
- Take lactase capsules before eating milk products. The capsules will supply you with the necessary enzyme for digesting the milk.
- Substitute milk with products that don't have lactose, like soy or rice milk.

Part 3

Part 3 of 4:

Reducing Heartburn

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1
Adjust your eating patterns. Avoiding eating late at night or right before bed often helps people reduce acid reflux and heartburn.
- Frequent, small meals keeps your digestive system busy without overloading it.^{[25]XExpert SourcePeter Gardner, MD
  Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 25 August 2020}
These proteins are essential for healthy muscles, but lean cuts are less likely to cause heartburn and will be quicker to digest.
3
Quit smoking to reduce heartburn. Smoking can damage the valve at the bottom of the esophagus leading to frequent heartburn.
- Stopping smoking will also reduce your risks of ulcers and cancers, including those of the digestive system.^{[26]XTrustworthy SourceJohns Hopkins MedicineOfficial resource database of the world-leading Johns Hopkins HospitalGo to source}
Excessive drinking can lead to inflammation of the stomach lining, ulcers, cramping, bleeding, abdominal pain, heartburn and acid reflux. Other organs involved in digestion such as the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder may also be damaged.^{[27]XResearch source}
Decrease your coffee consumption. Caffeine may cause an increase in acidity in the stomach that can lead to high levels of heartburn and acid reflux.
6
Reduce stress in your life. Stress has been shown to cause weight gain, constipation, diarrhea and a lowered immune system. It will leave you prone to the h. pylori bacteria that causes ulcers.
- Yoga, meditation, massage, baths and other relaxation techniques can help you to handle stress and inadvertently help your digestion.
- Regular exercise will also release endorphins and help you relax.

Part 4

Part 4 of 4:

Consulting a Doctor

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1
Seek medical advice if you have improved your diet and your lifestyle, but your digestive conditions remain.^{[28]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} See a doctor right away if you show any of the following symptoms:
- Severe heartburn that is not helped by medication
- Incontinence
- Diarrhea or constipation that doesn't go away
- Abdominal pain that interferes with your daily life
- Vomiting
- Bloody or black stool
- Sudden weight loss
2
Keep a food diary for several days leading up to your appointment. Your doctor will probably ask you what you eat and what symptoms you have.
- Record everything you ate, how much you ate, when you ate it, and how your system responded.
- This will help you and your doctor identify patterns indicating that certain foods might be triggers for you.
^{[29]XExpert SourceMuhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified GastroenterologistExpert Interview. 24 August 2021.} If you are having GI issues, it's important you take a look at your poop before visiting the doctor, as this can actually provide him with a lot of information. You can look at a Bristol Stool Scale to determine what kind of poop you have and how to describe it and talk about it with your doctor. This information can help your doctor determine how quickly food is passing through your body and may give clues toward certain digestive problems.^{[30]XResearch source}
This is a physician who specializes in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. A Gastroenterologist can determine if you have reflux, motility problems, colon polyps, gallbladder disease or an infection, for which she can test with endoscopy and biopsy.
5
Make an appointment to be tested for food allergies.^{[31]XTrustworthy SourceFood Allergy Research and EducationWorld's largest nonprofit devoted food allergy awareness, education, and researchGo to source} Your doctor may screen you for allergies in several ways:
- A skin test in which the doctor will prick your skin, inserting a small amount of the potential allergens under your skin. If you are allergic, you will probably develop a raised bump.
- An elimination diet in which you stop eating all foods you suspect to be allergens for one to two weeks (until the symptoms disappear). Then you add the food items slowly back into your diet, one by one. When the symptoms return, you know that that food is triggering your digestive problems.
- A blood test to measure your immune response to various foods.
- An oral food challenge in which the doctor will monitor your reaction as you eat foods that are potential allergens.

What Are High Fiber Foods and Why Are They Important?

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What causes poor digestion?
Peter Gardner, MD
Board Certified Gastroenterologist
Peter W. Gardner, MD is a board certified physician who has practiced Gastroenterology and Hepatology for over 30 years. He specializes in diseases of the digestive system and liver. Dr. Gardner earned his Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Carolina and attended Georgetown Medical School. He completed his residency in Internal Medicine and then his fellowship in Gastroenterology at the University of Connecticut. He is a previous Chief of Gastroenterology at Stamford Hospital and remains on the staff. He is also on the staff of Greenwich Hospital and New York (Columbia) Presbyterian Hospital. Dr. Gardner is an Approved Consultant in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology with the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Peter Gardner, MD
Board Certified Gastroenterologist
Expert Answer
Eating high fat foods slows down the emptying of the stomach, which can cause digestive issues. Laying down right after eating can also lead to digestive troubles. If you must eat a snack at night, avoid lying down or going to bed for at least two hours after eating.
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Question
Why am I bloated?
Peter Gardner, MD
Board Certified Gastroenterologist
Peter W. Gardner, MD is a board certified physician who has practiced Gastroenterology and Hepatology for over 30 years. He specializes in diseases of the digestive system and liver. Dr. Gardner earned his Bachelor’s degree from the University of North Carolina and attended Georgetown Medical School. He completed his residency in Internal Medicine and then his fellowship in Gastroenterology at the University of Connecticut. He is a previous Chief of Gastroenterology at Stamford Hospital and remains on the staff. He is also on the staff of Greenwich Hospital and New York (Columbia) Presbyterian Hospital. Dr. Gardner is an Approved Consultant in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology with the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Peter Gardner, MD
Board Certified Gastroenterologist
Expert Answer
Bloating is typically caused by swallowing air or something you've eaten that's fermenting in your bowel and creating gas. If you are lactose intolerant, eating dairy can cause tremendous gas and bloating. You can alleviate bloating by drinking water with your food or taking over the counter products like Gasex.
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What is the quickest way to get rid of heartburn?
Muhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified Gastroenterologist
Dr. Muhammad Khan is a Gastroenterologist, with over 10 years of experience. Dr. Khan specializes in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, and has a special focus in Therapeutic Endoscopy. He received his Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate of Medicine degrees from The University of Utah. Dr. Khan completed his residency training at Eastern Virginia Medical School, where he was inducted into the prestigious Alpha Omega Alpha honor society. He then completed his fellowship training at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford University. He is a Fellow of both the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN).
Muhammad Khan, MD, MPH
Board Certified Gastroenterologist
Expert Answer
Some people might find herbal tea to help, but the quickest way to get rid of heartburn is using over-the-counter medication like Pepto Bismol. In case of a persistent upset stomach, you should probably see a doctor, though.
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Warnings

Speak with your doctor if you believe you have celiac disease. Celiac disease is an auto-immune condition in which gluten causes an immune response which damages the small intestine.^{[32]XResearch source}
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