How to Improve Reasoning Skills

Improving your reasoning skills can help you make good decisions, solve problems faster, and avoid irrational thoughts that get in your way of achieving your goals, and it's easy to get started. To help you out, we've gathered proven, effective strategies for improving your reasoning skills, from activities you can do at home to ways you can alter your thought patterns and avoid irrational thinking. Keep reading to get started improving your reasoning skills today.

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Engaging in Activities that Require Critical Thought

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1
Keep trying new things. A great way to improve reasoning skills is to keep trying new things. The mind is like any other muscle. It requires exercise and stimulation. Make a point of trying out new hobbies and activities on a regular basis.
- Pick activities that are vastly different from one another. If you're already an outdoor enthusiast, instead of taking up hiking consider learning to crochet. If you're big into crafts and working with your hands, consider trying to do crossword puzzles or Sudoku in your spare time.
- Take classes if possible. Taking a pottery class or poetry class at a local community center can be a fun way to challenge your brain and encourage you to try new things.
Physical exercise actually has an effect on memory and thinking. Many studies indicate the parts of the brain responsible for thinking and reasoning are bigger in those who exercise regularly. Also, exercise reduces stress and anxiety and boosts mood, which can make it easier to concentrate and learn. Strive to incorporate regular physical activity into your day-to-day routine. This can lead to an improvement in critical thinking skills. While researchers are still unsure if one form of exercise is better than another, some research indicates aerobic exercise is most helpful to mental stimulation.^{[1]XTrustworthy SourceCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human ServicesGo to source}
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3
Journal. Daily journaling can actually help improve critical thinking skills. In addition to helping you revisit your day, journaling encourages reflection and thought.^{[2]XTrustworthy SourceGreater Good MagazineJournal published by UC Berkeley's Greater Good Science Center, which uses scientific research to promote happier livingGo to source}
- Writing is an active endeavor. It forces you to expand and explore your thoughts. Keeping a journal that details your day, your feelings, and anything you thought about throughout the day can make you a more introspective, aware person.^{[3]XTrustworthy SourceUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterLeading academic medical center in the U.S. focused on clinical care and researchGo to source} This can lead to higher reasoning skills.
- Make time to journal every day. Schedule regular journaling time into your day-to-day life as you would brushing your teeth, showering, and eating dinner. It may be helpful to schedule journal time after an activity you're accustom to doing every day, as this will make it easier to remember to keep up with your journal.
4
Read fiction. Reading in general is great for improving critical thinking. However, fiction specifically can allow you to be more comfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. This can lead to more sophisticated thinking as well as more creativity.^{[4]XTrustworthy SourceHarvard Business ReviewOnline and print journal covering topics related to business management practicesGo to source}
- Fiction can force you to become more insightful about other perspectives due to the focus on character. This can make you more in tune to the cultures, belief systems, and skill sets of those around you. You may be better at, say, reasoning with those around you as you'll have a greater capacity for empathy.
- Black and white thinking is also lessened through reading fiction. People who read fiction over time may have more sophisticated thought patterns as they're able to navigate and accept the ambiguity in a variety of situations.
5
Play games that require reasoning skills. There are a variety of games that require you to reason. Strategic board games, games like chess, and word games all help reasoning skills.^{[5]XResearch source}
- Look for board games that rely on more than just look. Explore in depth strategy games where decision making is a key part of the process. Schedule a regular game night with friends and aim to play games that require thought and attention. Clue and Risk require critical thought. Games like Scrabble and Boggle teach you to analyze information quickly.^{[6]XResearch source}
- Chess and checkers all require reasoning skills. Consider joining or starting a chess club.^{[7]XResearch source}
- Consider games you can play on your own. You can play certain card games alone online. Purchase a Rubik's Cube and spend time trying to solve it.^{[8]XResearch source}
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Board games stimulate your brain. Engaging in strategic thinking and problem-solving while playing board games can trigger cognitive functions like memory and planning. Over time, these mental workouts can even enhance your cognitive agility. In sum, board games offer a fun and engaging way to keep your mind sharp!
Forcing yourself to create on a regular basis can improve reasoning skills. You don't necessarily have to be highly adept at a creative activity but forcing the mind to try new things can increase reasoning skills. Try to play a musical instrument. Take up drawing. Write a poem. Compose a short song.^{[9]XResearch source}

Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Altering Thought Patterns

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1
Pay attention to the purpose behind your actions. Each time you make a decision throughout the day, there is some purpose behind it. Given the hectic demands of day-to-day life, people sometimes lose track of the purpose and goals behind their actions. Try to be aware of the inherent purposes driving you throughout the day.
- Focus on larger goals at work or school. Where do you want to be in five years? Two years? One year? How are you current actions serving this goal? Do your actions make sense reasonably given your larger purpose? Answering these questions can help you improve your reasoning skills.^{[10]XResearch source}
- Try to make sure your actions are actually serving some purpose.^{[11]XExpert SourceErin Conlon, PCC, JD
  Executive Life CoachExpert Interview. 31 August 2021.} Oftentimes, people get caught up in the idea something has to be done in a particular way or they have to follow a particular path. Actions then become unreasonable. Try to keep the end in mind when you take a certain action.^{[12]XResearch source}
2
Identify your biases. Everyone has biases, whether they are aware of them or not. If you want to improve reasoning skills, try to identify your biases.^{[13]XExpert SourceErin Conlon, PCC, JD
Executive Life CoachExpert Interview. 31 August 2021.}
- A major bias is that people often only consider a situation or a problem from one point of view. When dealing with an issue at work, school, or home pause and ask yourself a few questions before taking action. Ask, "What do I believe about the situation? Why do I believe this? What assumptions might I be making about the thoughts and ideas of others?"^{[14]XResearch source}
- It's important to take steps to be self-aware of your own biases. This can help you avoid having those biases obstruct your judgment.^{[15]XResearch source} It may even be helpful to ask a close friend about your gaps in thinking. Approach a friend with a question like, "What are some ways I sometimes behave irrationally?" Ask for honesty and openness.
3
Consider the implications of your options. Each time you make a choice, there are consequences. A good way to improve reasoning skills is to make a point of stopping to consider those consequences on a conscious level.
- Use your imagination. Before making a choice in a given situation, pause to imagine a variety of possible outcomes. How do you feel about these outcomes? What's the worst case scenario? Best case scenario? What is reasonably most likely to happen? Why?^{[16]XResearch source}
- Also, do not neglect to consider the viewpoints of others affected by your decision. This can help you explore your decision through a variety of angles.^{[17]XResearch source}

Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Recognizing Irrational Thoughts

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1
Watch for over-generalizations. Many people over generalize without realizing it. This is toxic to rational thinking. Try to be aware of any over-generalizations you may make in day-to-day life.
- Over-generalizations are taking one particular event and seeing it as evidence of how things have always been or always will be. For example, if you do bad on one test you may think, "I'm stupid and always fail at school." In making this statement, you're glossing other academic success you have had in the past in the light of one event.^{[18]XResearch source}
- All-or-nothing thinking is a form of generalizing where you see things in black and white terms. All-or-nothing thinking places things in only one or two categories: good or bad, success or failure, etc. This results in missing the shades of gray in a situation. For example, if you get a mixed review of your performance at work you may see yourself as a failure. In reality, you're likely a competent worker with some areas that need improvement.^{[19]XResearch source}
- Filtering out positive is a thought pattern in which too much focus is placed on the bad aspects of a situation. If 20 good things happen in a day followed by 1 bad thing, you may focus entirely on the negative. For example, say you make a single mistake during a musical performance but otherwise play perfectly. You might be tempted to declare the performance a disaster. In reality, you are probably the only person who noticed a single wrong note.^{[20]XResearch source}
2
Do not make assumptions. People make assumptions about all kinds of situations. This can lead to unreasonable thinking. Strive to be aware of any assumptions you make.
- Sometimes, people engage in mind-reading. That is, you make assumptions about what others think of your or a situation. In reality, it's impossible to know what another person is thinking without asking. For example, you may find yourself thinking "I bet everyone thought I was an idiot in that meeting" or "I bet that co-worker thinks I talk too much." If you notice yourself engaging in such thoughts, try to remind yourself that you are probably not as good at reading people's opinions as you think you are.^{[21]XResearch source}
- Fortune telling is a form of thinking where you think you know what will happen in the future. This can be in the form of a defeatist attitude. For example, "I'll never be able to stick to a diet and lose weight" or "I know I'm going to sound like an idiot during my presentation tomorrow." Keep in mind that, in reality, you cannot know what will happen tomorrow or in the coming weeks.^{[22]XResearch source}
Many people catastrophize situations when they're upset or stressed. For example, you might think you'll be financially bankrupt forever if you need to pay for car repairs one month. If you get rejected romantically, you might decide you're not destined for love. Try to keep in mind that one setback or misfortune is not necessarily indicative of things to come.^{[23]XResearch source}
4
Pay attention to how you read situations. Oftentimes, people unconsciously read situations in an irrational way. Watch how you think and perceive situations in day-to-day life.^{[24]XExpert SourceErin Conlon, PCC, JD
Executive Life CoachExpert Interview. 31 August 2021.}
- Labeling is the tendency to put a name on a situation. For example, "This person made a mistake" or "I made a bad choice." This leads you to put people and situations into categories based on solitary instances. Try your best not to categorize and avoid the temptation to judge.^{[25]XResearch source}
- Personalization is the tendency to take situations and other people's reactions personally. For example, you may assume a co-worker is mad at you if she doesn't stop to chat in the break room. In reality, she may just be busy. Try not to take situations personally.^{[26]XResearch source}
- Oftentimes, you hold yourself to an unreal ideal. You might see someone else's success as evidence of your shortcoming. Try to keep in mind everyone is different and moves at a different pace.^{[27]XResearch source}

How Do You Improve Critical Thinking Skills?

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How do I stop worrying about my decision?
Erin Conlon, PCC, JD
Executive Life Coach
Erin Conlon is an Executive Life Coach, the Founder of Erin Conlon Coaching, and the host of the podcast "This is Not Advice." She specializes in aiding leaders and executives to thrive in their career and personal lives. In addition to her private coaching practice, she teaches and trains coaches and develops and revises training materials to be more diverse, equitable, and inclusive. She holds a BA in Communications and History and a JD from The University of Michigan. Erin is a Professional Certified Coach with The International Coaching Federation.
Erin Conlon, PCC, JD
Executive Life Coach
Expert Answer
Just practice making any decision. It doesn't matter if it's right or wrong. When you start practicing, that muscle gets a little bit stronger and you start to rely on your intuition a little bit more. Ultimately, you also learn that nothing is irreversible
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How can I avoid judging people?
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Look at what they do holistically and try to see their value.
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What is the purpose of reasoning skills?
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Reasoning is required to make a lot of decisions. For example, if you have to choose between eating cake or eating fruit, you might use reason to determine that the cake is not good for the diet you're on, so you should choose the fruit instead.
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Tips

Read up on different kinds of logical fallacies to avoid, such as the Straw Man or the slippery slope fallacy.
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Learn to open your mind outside of reasoning as practice more or less.
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