How to Finish an Attic

Converting your attic into usable finished space can increase the value of your home by maximizing the available square footage. If your home is smaller than other homes in your area, or simply lacks the necessary amount of storage or living space for your family, finishing your attic is a relatively inexpensive way to increase your usable space. You can learn the proper code specifications and plan to insulate and wire your attic for better purposes than storage.

Things You Should Know

Remove loose or blown insulation and install new insulation between wall studs.
Hang new drywall over the insulation and apply 2-3 coats of paint.
Install base boards, light fixtures, electrical outlets, and switch plate covers.

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Building to Code

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1
Check the ceiling height. For a finished attic to be to code, it must satisfy the same living requirements of other rooms, sometimes called the "rule of sevens." Any living space in a home needs to have at least 7 feet (2.1 m) of clearance from the floor to the ceiling, and there needs to be at least 70 square feet of space available, at least 7 feet (2.1 m) in each direction. At least 50 percent of the attic space must have 7 foot (2.1 m) clearance.^{[1]XResearch source}
- Measure the clearance and estimate the square footage of your attic. If it satisfies this and the following criteria in this section, you're good go get started in finishing the project.
Building code also requires that the prospective attic living space be accessible by a full-size staircase with at least 6-foot 8-inch clearance above it. Attics only accessible by trapdoor style staircases or ladders aren't technically "finishable."^{[2]XResearch source}
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To satisfy fire codes, the attic must have an alternative exist in the event of an emergency. An easily accessible window counts, or some other variety of exit from the attic.^{[3]XResearch source}
Install a dormer if your attic isn't up to code. If you're committed to finishing your attic, but the measurements just don't add up, you can consult an architect to design an expansion if you're willing to get into a much bigger project.^{[4]XResearch source}
5
Get the proper home building permit in your area. To make sure your project will be legal and up to code, you'll need to schedule an inspection at some point when the project is finished and obtain the necessary building permits from the city. Generally, these will be available from the Housing Commission or the City Planning department.^{[5]XResearch source}
- While it may seem like an easy-to-skip step, there's the possibility of legal trouble if you try to sell your house later and you've remodeled without obtaining the legal permits necessary to complete the task. Play it safe and get the right paperwork.

Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Insulating and Wiring

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Use a builder's vacuum to get all of the small pieces cleaned out of the area. You might consider renting a commercial air purifier for the duration of the project to minimize the possibility of inhaling the tiny insulation strands, which can be hazardous.^{[6]XResearch source}
2
Lay a sub-floor, if necessary. Most attics will need a sub-floor to be laid that you can build on top of. Cut sub-floor panels to the appropriate size and install them over the joist beams. Screw down into joists at 3 foot (0.91 m) (91.44 cm) intervals using wood screws.
- Depending on your plan, you may want to also add room dividers or supplementary knee walls to your attic space. If there are any internal walls going up, frame them after installing the sub-floor, now that you've got a surface to build upon. If you want flat walls as opposed to the sloped walls you'll get in most attics, it would be appropriate to install a few knee walls.
3
Wire the attic for electricity. Install the electrical wiring across the ceiling to the designated spots where the light fixtures will be hung, leaving an 8 inch (20.32 cm) wire hanging (called a lighting pigtail) to connect the light fixtures. Run the electrical wire to the electrical outlets. As a rule of thumb there should be at least 1 electrical outlet every 10 feet (3.05 m).
- Unless you have electrical experience, it is a good idea to hire a professional to do the electrical work to ensure that it meets or exceeds current code requirements.
Install new rolled insulation between the wall studs. Cut each strip, or batt, to the exact length of the cavity. Press them in place and staple through the paper to the studs. Install the rolled insulation in the floor by cutting to size, pressing into the space between joists and attaching with wire fasteners. If you need to use 2 or more batts to fill in a cavity, be certain that they butt up against each other firmly.
5
Hang drywall over the wall insulation.^{[7]XResearch source} Hang drywall in sheet-sized sections of 4 feet (1.2 m) by 8 feet (2.4 m) (121.92 cm by 243.84 cm) with drywall screws at 8 inch (20.32 cm) intervals. Cut smaller drywall pieces with a razor knife to fill in the remaining areas.
- Apply drywall tape over all the seams, then apply drywall mud over the tape, using a mud blade. Slather it on thick and then scrape the excess off with the edge of the blade. Allow to dry before proceeding.

Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Finishing the Attic

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1
Prime and paint the walls. It may take 2 to 3 coats to cover the new drywall.^{[8]XResearch source} Before you put up wallpaper or decorate the walls in any other way, it's important to put down a primer coat to create an even surface amenable to your project.
- Painting the attic room white is a popular choice to create the sense of space in what can seem somewhat cramped of an area. If you're happy giving the walls a frequent scrubbing, consider a nice white shade and color scheme for the room.
Instinctively, eyes will be drawn to the sloped ceiling in most attics, so it's a good idea to plan accordingly and finish it with an attractive texture. Wood panels are popular, as well as bead board. Use varying lengths of wood to produce an interesting an asymmetrical effect to play with the space.
3
Install the flooring. In attics, carpeting is popular to cut down on the noise of upstairs traffic. If you want to lay hardwood floors, consider putting down some substantial rugs both to cut the noise component and to keep the room feeling comfortable.^{[9]XResearch source}
- Make sure the joists can support being walked on. Usually, attic joists can only support the ceiling below it but not someone's weight.^{[10]XExpert SourceAndrea Beaulieu
  Professional Tailor & Fashion DesignerExpert Interview. 8 May 2020.}
4
Trim the room and decorate. Install base boards, light fixtures, electrical outlets and switch plate covers. Decorate the room to your taste. Attic space makes for a popular:
- Bedroom for a teenager
- Artist studio
- Office
- Crash pad
- Man-cave
- Band practice space

Expert Q&A

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Question
Can my attic support a floor?
Andrew Peters
Architecture & Construction Specialist
Andrew Peters is an Architecture and Construction Specialist and a Principal at Peters Design-Build, a full service architecture and construction firm in the San Francisco Bay Area. With over 20 years of experience, Andrew specializes in sustainable and holistic design and building practices. Andrew holds a Bachelor of Architecture and a Project Management Professional (PMP) certification and is a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Accredited Professional. He served as Project Manager for the international-award-winning “Refract House,” Team California’s entry in the 2009 U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon, a project featured in over 600 online and print articles.
Andrew Peters
Architecture & Construction Specialist
Expert Answer
The joists are usually only enough to support the ceiling of the floor below it. You may need to install additional floor joists.
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Tips

If you hang your drywall before your electrical inspection, they may require you to remove it to inspect.
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Hanging drywall can be a difficult task for one person. If possible enlist help to complete this part of the project. If you cannot find anyone to assist you, you may want to cut the sheets in half to ensure that you are able to handle them without damage or injury.
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Many municipalities require that a permit be issued to finish an attic so be sure to find out if you need one before you begin. You will also want to be sure to schedule any required inspections and stop work until they are completed.
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Warnings

If your home contains insulation manufactured between 1930 and 1950, you should proceed with caution since asbestos could be present. Test for asbestos and call a professional to remove the insulation if the test is positive.^{[11]XResearch source}
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