Got Mold? How to Clean Mold with Vinegar and Baking Soda

Household mold is very common, but that doesn’t mean you should ignore it or clean it up without taking safety precautions.^{[1]XResearch source} Fortunately, a pair of pantry staples, white vinegar and baking soda, combine to make an effective mold cleaner. Different combinations of vinegar and baking soda can remove mild to moderate mold from hard surfaces, soft surfaces, clothing, and other fabrics. Just keep in mind that you have to address the root cause of the mold to truly solve the problem.

Ingredients

Hard Surfaces

8 tbsp (120 g) of baking soda
1 c (250 ml) plus 4 tbsp (60 ml) of white vinegar

Delicate or Porous Surfaces

2 c (500 ml) of water
2 c (500 ml) of white vinegar
1 tsp (5 g) of baking soda

Clothing or Fabric

4 c (1 L) of white vinegar
4 c (1 L) of water
16 tbsp (240 g) of baking soda

Carpet or Upholstery

3 c (750 ml) of water
1 c (250 ml) of white vinegar
4 tbsp (60 g) of baking soda

Method 1

Method 1 of 4:

Hard Surfaces

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1
Add 8 tbsp (120 g) of baking soda to a large mixing bowl. No, this won’t seem like much baking soda for such a big bowl. However, once you add the vinegar, the mixture will foam up like a school science fair volcano!^{[2]XResearch source}
- You can use less baking soda for a smaller job, or more for a bigger one. Once mixed, this amount should be enough to cover around 1 sq ft (930 cm²). The important thing is to mix the baking soda and vinegar in a 2:1 ratio (that is, twice as much baking soda as vinegar).
- This method eventually involves vigorous scrubbing with a gritty paste, which may damage softer materials like wallboard or finished wood. Use this option only for harder materials like tile or masonry.
2
Pour in 4 tbsp (60 ml) of white vinegar and let it foam up. The foaming action isn’t particularly useful in getting rid of mold, but it is fun to watch! Wait until the foaming slows down before beginning to stir the mixture—that way it will be less likely to foam over the edges of the bowl.^{[3]XResearch source}
- If you’re curious about the science behind the foaming, here it is: a pair of reactions actually take place when you combine baking soda and vinegar. The first is an acid-base reaction between the hydrogen in the vinegar and the sodium and bicarbonate in the baking soda. The second is a decomposition reaction, as the carbonic acid created by the first reaction breaks down into water and carbon dioxide.^{[4]XResearch source}
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A wooden spoon is a good choice here, but pretty much any type of stirring tool will do. You’ll end up with a thick, gritty paste, somewhat like a stickier version of wet sand.^{[5]XResearch source}
Dr. Jill Crista, Integrative Medicine Physician
For safe, effective mold removal at home, combine the antimicrobial power of distilled white vinegar and the abrasive properties of baking soda. When acidic vinegar and alkaline baking soda interact, they produce bubbles that lift mold off surfaces.
4
Smear the paste onto the mold and let it dry for 1 hour. For your safety, put on dishwashing gloves, protective goggles, and an N-95 or equivalent mask. Cover all visible areas of mold with as much of the paste as will stick to it—probably around a ¹⁄₄–¹⁄₂ in (0.64–1.27 cm) thick layer. Mix up more of the paste if needed. Once the mold is covered, let the paste dry on the mold.^{[6]XResearch source}
- Wear protective gear whenever you’re contacting or disturbing the mold in any way.
Don’t be shy here—scrub vigorously! The dried paste will flake off along with the visible mold. If there’s still mold on the surface, repeat the entire process.^{[7]XResearch source}
6
Vacuum or bag up the removed mold and dispose of it right away. You have multiple safe disposal options for the mixture of dried paste and removed mold:^{[8]XResearch source}
- Put a plastic drop cloth beneath your work area to catch the debris. When you’re done, ball it up carefully, seal it in a thick trash bag with tape, and put it outdoors for trash collection.
- Suck up the debris with a vacuum cleaner that has a HEPA filter. If it’s a bagless vacuum, empty the canister into a trash bag outdoors, then clean the inside of the canister by misting it with white vinegar and wiping it.
- If the moldy item is portable, clean it outside, well away from your home or other structures, and don’t worry about the debris.
7
Wipe off the cleaned area with damp rags or paper towels. Some of the gritty paste will still be left behind on the surface when you’re done scrubbing. To remove it, dampen a few rags or paper towels with plain water and wipe down the surface.^{[9]XResearch source}
- Even if you don’t see any mold, continue to play it safe: keep your safety gear on and immediately bag up and dispose of the rags or paper towels.^{[10]XResearch source}
8
Mist the area with vinegar for mold prevention. Add around 1 c (250 ml) of white vinegar to a clean, empty spray bottle, or just fill the entire bottle if you wish. Apply a light mist of vinegar to the surface you just cleaned and allow it to dry without wiping it. You don’t need to soak the surface—a light mist is all you need to help prevent mold!^{[11]XResearch source}
- If the moldy area is in your shower stall, for example, misting on some vinegar after each shower will help prevent future molding. If the mold is due to a moisture issue like a leaky pipe or poorly-sealed window, however, it’s important to treat the root cause of the mold.

Method 2

Method 2 of 4:

Delicate or Porous Surfaces

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1
Spray the mold with vinegar and let it dry for 1 hour.^{[12]XExpert SourceMike Kapur
Certified Mold Assessor & Home Inspector, Sonic Home InspectionsExpert Interview. 19 August 2020.} Fill a clean, empty spray bottle with white vinegar, then put on your protective gear: dishwashing gloves, protective goggles, and an N-95 (or equivalent) mask. Spray the vinegar directly onto the mold until it and the immediate surrounding area are visibly damp. You don’t need to completely saturate the area, but spray on more than just a light misting.^{[13]XResearch source}
- The potent scent of vinegar will go away fairly quickly, but you can improve the scent by adding a few drops of your favorite essential oil if you wish.
- Don’t skip the protective gear whenever you’re dealing with mold!^{[14]XResearch source}
2
Mix baking soda and warm water together in a spray bottle. The vinegar you sprayed onto the mold will visibly dry within a few minutes, and you can proceed at this point if you’re in a big hurry. However, you’ll get better mold-killing action if you wait the full hour. Near the end of the hour, add 2 c (500 ml) of warm water and 1 tsp (5 g) of baking soda to a second clean, empty spray bottle. Shake the bottle vigorously to combine the mixture.^{[15]XResearch source}
- Wait until the baking soda has dissolved into the water before using the mixture.
3
Spray the baking soda solution onto the pre-treated moldy area. Apply enough of the mixture to dampen the entire surface. Give the bottle a shake after every few sprays to make sure the solution remains well mixed.^{[16]XResearch source}
- The spray bottle nozzle may clog due to the baking soda in the mixture. If this happens, unscrew and remove the sprayer. Run the sprayer nozzle under hot water, then put the sprayer’s supply straw in a cup of hot water and squeeze the trigger until the clog breaks up.
4
Wipe off the baking soda spray with clean, damp cloths. While the baking soda spray is still damp, lightly moisten a few cleaning cloths or heavy-duty paper towels. Wipe firmly to remove the baking soda mixture along with the surface mold. Switch to a clean area of the cloth after each wipe and change cloths as needed.^{[17]XResearch source}
- Spray on more of the baking soda mixture and wipe it off again if necessary.
- Bag up and dispose of the used cloths right away, or launder them in hot water.
Both options help to prevent the formation of new mold in the same area. The baking soda spray will leave behind a light crust when it dries, so opt for the vinegar spray if that’s a concern.^{[18]XResearch source}

Method 3

Method 3 of 4:

Clothing or Fabric

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1
Soak the item overnight in a 50/50 mix of water and white vinegar. Pour warm water and white vinegar into a clean, large bowl or bucket, then submerge the moldy clothing item completely into the liquid. Leave it for at least 8-12 hours, then pull out the item and rinse it under warm water. Keep repeating the process as needed until the mold stain fades substantially (it probably won’t completely disappear until you launder the item).^{[19]XResearch source}
- Don’t use this method on clothes that are too delicate to put in the washing machine or are labeled “dry clean only.” Call dry cleaners in your area and find one that specializes in removing mold from clothing. They may ask you to bag up and seal the moldy clothing before bringing it in.
2
Launder the item in your washing machine with baking soda. Set the water temperature to the highest setting that the fabric can tolerate (check the label). Add 8 tbsp (120 g) of baking soda to the wash cycle, and another 8 tbsp (120 g) to the rinse cycle. Wash moldy item(s) alone, without other clothing in the machine.^{[20]XResearch source}
- If the item was heavily solid with mold, run the item through a second wash cycle with baking soda.
- Baking soda helps kill mold spores and eliminate moldy odors from clothing.
3
Hang the item to dry, in direct sunlight if at all possible. Direct sunlight helps kill off any remaining mold spores, lightens stains, and reduces lingering odors. However, even if it isn’t a sunny day, still hang the formerly-moldy clothing item out to dry. Don’t throw it in the dryer, since any few remaining mold spores might contaminate the machine.
- Putting the item in the dryer will also permanently set any light staining that remains.

Method 4

Method 4 of 4:

Carpet or Upholstery

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1
Suck up all visible surface mold with a vacuum cleaner. If at all possible, use a vacuum with a HEPA filter to trap the mold spores. You’ll be using the vacuum again shortly, so set it aside (outdoors if possible) and don’t use it for any other purpose in between.^{[21]XResearch source}
- If your rug, carpet, or furniture item has significant or widespread molding, DIY cleaning options won’t do the job. Contact a professional cleaner.
2
Spray on a mixture of white vinegar and warm water. Add a mixture of 3 parts water and 1 part white vinegar to a clean spray bottle. Dampen—don’t soak—the affected fabric with the mixture and leave it alone for 10 minutes.^{[22]XExpert SourceSafir Ali
Professional Dry CleanerExpert Interview. 15 September 2020.}
- 3 c (750 ml) of water and 1 c (250 ml) of white vinegar should be enough to handle up to 10 sq ft (0.93 m²) of light mold.
Use just enough baking soda so that you can no longer see the mold stain through it. The reaction between the baking soda and vinegar will cause a foaming action that will last for a minute or two. Wait until the foaming stops before moving on to the next step.
4
Vacuum up the baking soda and blot the fabric dry with paper towels. Grab your vacuum cleaner again and suck up all the baking soda once the foaming stops. If there’s still a stain, try repeating the entire process again. Otherwise, press down on the fabric with a wad of paper towels to blot up any remaining dampness.^{[23]XResearch source}
- If the mold stain is still there after multiple rounds of cleaning, contact a professional cleaner.
- Take the vacuum outdoors and bag up and discard the vacuum bag. If it’s a bagless model, empty the canister outdoors, spritz the interior of the canister with the vinegar and water solution in your spray bottle, and let it air dry.

Expert Q&A

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Question
What stops mold from coming back?
Mike Kapur
Certified Mold Assessor & Home Inspector, Sonic Home Inspections
Mike Kapur is a home inspector and the owner of Sonic Home Inspections, a home inspection company in Westchester, New York. With over 15 years of experience in pre-inspecting properties, Mike specializes in mold, radon, asbestos, lead, water, and air quality testing as well as hazardous materials, pest, infrared, and general home inspections. Prior to founding Sonic Home Inspections, Mike worked pre-inspecting apartments. Mike holds a BS in Accounting from Queens College and is a Certified Mold Assessor in the state of New York.
Mike Kapur
Certified Mold Assessor & Home Inspector, Sonic Home Inspections
Expert Answer
Lightly spritz the area regularly with a vinegar or baking soda spray—every day or two, for example—to help prevent mold formation. To truly keep mold from coming back, you’ll need to deal with the root cause of the moisture problem—for instance, high humidity in an enclosed area.
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Warnings

For your safety, hire a professional if the mold covers more than 10 sq ft (0.93 m²) or if any elderly, very young, or immunocompromised individuals live in your home.^{[24]XTrustworthy SourceCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human ServicesGo to source}
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