Eng-gí

Eng-gí
	English
Hoat-im	[ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ]
Goân-chū kok-ka	Ò-chiu, Canada, Ài-ní-lân, New Zealand, Eng-kok, Bí-kok, Lâm-hui-kok, Hui-li̍p-pin, Sin-ka-pho téng-téng 100 kúi chiah kok-ka kap tē-khu
Sú-iōng tē-khu	chú-iàu tī Sai Au-chiu, Pak Au-chiu, Pak Bí-chiu kap Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu
bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá	360–400 pah-bān (2006)
Gí-hē	Ìn-Au gí-hē German gí-cho̍k Sai German gí-chi Pak-hái German-gí Anglo-Frisia gí-kûn Eng gí-kûn Eng-gí; ; ; ; ; ;
Chá-kî hêng-sek	Kó͘ Eng-gí Tiong Eng-gí Chho͘-kî Hiān-tāi Eng-gí; ;
Bûn-jī hē-thóng	Lô-má-jī
Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi
Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân	73 chiah kok-ka kap tē-khu; Europa Liân-bêng, Liân-ha̍p-kok kap chin chē ê kok-chè cho͘-chit
Gí-giân tāi-bé
ISO 639-1	en
ISO 639-2	eng
ISO 639-3	eng
	iōng-chòe jîn-bîn bó-gí ê kok-ka iōng-chòe koaⁿ-hong gí-giân ia̍h-sī chú-iàu ê hêng-chèng gí-giân ê kok-ka

Eng-gú (英語) ia̍h-sī Eng-gí, Eng-kiat-lī-gí (英吉利語), sī 1 chióng Se Tek-gí-hē ê gí-giân, i ê goân-thâu tī Eng-kok. Eng-gí ê bó-gí jîn-kháu chhiau-kòe 4-ek (2002 nî sò͘-kì). Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok kap āu--lâi Bí-kok tī kun-sū, keng-chè, kho-ha̍k, chèng-tī, bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng tì-sú Eng-gí chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài chú-iàu ê thong-hêng-gí chi it.

Kán-sú siu-kái

Kóng Tek-gí-hē gí-giân ê Angle, Saxon, Jute téng-téng ê pō͘-lo̍k tī Se-goân 500 nî chó-iū khai-sí si̍t-bîn Britain-tó. In chi-phoè pún-té í-keng tī England tē-khu ê Celt-gí cho̍k-kûn. In ê hong-giân sī Eng-gí ê sian-chó͘, āu--lâi chheng-ho͘ sī Kó͘ Eng-gí (Old English). Kó· Eng-gí oan-nā siū Kó͘ Norse-gí (Old Norse) chit ê Tek-gí-hē hong-giân éng-hióng. Hiān-tāi ê hun-lūi jīn-ûi Kó͘ Eng-gí î-chhî kàu 1100 nî, Norman-lâng chhim-lio̍k Britain-tó liáu-āu bô joā kú. Beowulf sī Kó͘ Eng-gí ê tāi-piáu-chok.

Norman-lâng toà--lâi ê Kó͘ Hoat-gí (Old French) chhim-chhim éng-hióng Tiong Eng-gí (Middle English), iok-lio̍k tùi 1100 nî (Norman-lâng tī 1066 nî khai-sí thóng-tī) kàu 1500 nî (ìn-soat-ki hoat-bêng liáu-āu). Tiong Eng-gí sî-kî lâu--lo̍h-lâi siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê tù-chok sī Geoffrey Chaucer ê The Canterbury Tales. Chit toāⁿ sî-kî Eng-gí keng-koè Ūn-bó Toā Soá-ūi (Eng-gí: Great Vowel Shift) ê im-ta̍t piàn-chhian, liáu-āu chiâⁿ-chò Hiān-tāi Eng-gí (Modern English).

Hiān-tāi Eng-gí tùi William Shakespeare ê sî-tāi khai-sí hoat-tián. I ê gí-hoat, hoat-im chêng hit-chūn kàu taⁿ goân-chek-siōng bô kái-piàn, ke̍k-ke sû-lūi ū toā cheng-ka niā-niā. Ū-ê ha̍k-chiá khu-pia̍t chá-kî kap āu-kî (1800 nî) ê Hiān-tāi Eng-gí. 1800 nî liáu-āu, Tai-eng Tè-kok chiàm-niá sè-kài toā pō͘-hūn, siâng-sî ia̍h siū hia ê gí-giân éng-hióng.

Hun-lūi siu-kái

Eng-gí sio̍k Ìn-Au gí-hē chi-hā ê Tek-gí-hē.

Eng-gí siōng chhin ê hiān-tāi chhin-chiâⁿ sī Scots kap Frysk. Koan-hē khah hn̄g--tām-po̍h-á ê gí-giân sī Kē-tē Saxon-gí (tī Hô-lân tang-pêng kap Tek-kok pak-pō͘). Kî-thaⁿ ū koan-hē ê gí-giân ū Hô-lân-gí, Afrikaans, Tek-gí, Pak Au ê gí-giân. In-ūi Eng-gí tùi Norman-lâng ê Hoat-gí khip-siu chē-chē sû-lūi, bat Eng-gí ê lâng mā ē-tit liáu-kái chin chē Hoat-gí ê sû; phèng-im, ì-sù mā sio-oá he̍k-chiá kāng-khoán.

Siaⁿ-im siu-kái

Ūn-bó siu-kái

IPA	SAMPA	Jī
[i(:)]	[`i(:)`]	bead
[ɪ]	[`I`]	bid
[e(ɪ)]	[`e(I)`]	bayed
[ɛ]	[`E`]	bed
[æ]	[`{`]	bad
[ɒ]	[`Q`]	bod ¹
[ɔ(:)]	[`O(:)`]	pawed ²
[o(ʊ)]	[`o(U)`]	bode
[ʊ]	[`U`]	good
[u(:)]	[`u(:)`]	booed
[ʌ]	[`V`]	bud
[ɝ(:)]	[3(`)(:)]	bird ³
[aɪ]	[`aI`]	buy
[aʊ]	[`aU`]	bough
[ɔɪ]	[`OI]`	boy
[ə]	[`@`]	Rosa's ⁴
[ɨ]	[`1`]	roses ⁵

Siaⁿ-bó siu-kái

	siang-tûn	tûn-khí	khí-kan	chi̍h-chiam	palato-alveolar	palatal	chi̍h-kin	âu
sat-im	p [`p`] b [`b`]			t [`t`] d [`d`]			k [`k`] g [`g`]
phīⁿ-im	m [`m`]			n [`n`]			ŋ [`N`] ¹
flap				ɾ [`4`] ²
chhat-im		f [`f`] v [`v`]	θ [`T`] ð [`D`] ³	s [`s`] z [`z`]	ʃ [`S`] ʒ [`Z`]		x [`x`] ⁴	h [`h`]
sat-chhat-im					tʃ [`tS`] dʒ [`dZ`]
approximant	ʍ [`W`] ⁵ w [`w`]			ɹ [`r\`]		j [`j`]
lateral approximant				l [`l`]

Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ siu-kái

Aarts, Bas; Haegeman, Liliane (2006). "6. English Word classes and Phrases". Chū Aarts, Bas; McMahon, April. The Handbook of English Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (Eng-gí)
Abercrombie, D.; Daniels, Peter T. (2006). "Spelling Reform Proposals: English". Chū Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 72–75. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04878-1. ISBN 978-0-08-044299-0. Lay summary (6 February 2015). (Eng-gí)
Aitken, A. J.; McArthur, Tom, pian. (1979). Languages of Scotland. Occasional paper – Association for Scottish Literary Studies; no. 4. Edinburgh: Chambers. ISBN 978-0-550-20261-1. (Eng-gí)
Alcaraz Ariza, M. Á.; Navarro, F. (2006). "Medicine: Use of English". Chū Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 752–759. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02351-8. ISBN 978-0-08-044299-0. 6 February 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. Lay summary (6 February 2015). Pang-bô͘:Subscription or libraries (Eng-gí)
Algeo, John (1999). "Chapter 2:Vocabulary". Chū Romaine, Suzanne. Cambridge History of the English Language. IV: 1776–1997. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–91. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521264778.003. ISBN 978-0-521-26477-8. (Eng-gí)

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat siu-kái

Re-Romanization of English

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.