List of elements

This page shows a list of all 118 chemical elements that have been identified.

Legend change

Categories and subcategories in the metal–nonmetal range

Metal						Metalloid	Nonmetal			Unknown chemical properties
Alkali metal	Alkaline earth metal	Inner transition metal		Transition metal	Post-transition metal		Other nonmetal	Halogen	Noble gas
		Lanthanide	Actinide

List change

Z	Symbol	Element	Origin of name^[1]	Group	Period	Weight u ()	Density g / cm³	Melt K	Boil K	Heat J/g·K	Neg¹⁰	Abundance mg / kg
−999	!a	!a	−999	−999	−999	−999	−999	−999	−999	−999	−999
1	H	Hydrogen	the Greek 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning water-forming	1	1	1.008(1)² ³ ⁴ ⁹	0.00008988	14.01	20.28	14.304	2.20	1400
2	He	Helium	the Greek, 'helios' meaning sun	18	1	4.002602(2)² ⁴	0.0001785	0.95⁶	4.22	5.193	–	0.008
3	Li	Lithium	the Greek 'lithos' meaning stone	1	2	6.94(1)² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁹	0.534	453.69	1560	3.582	0.98	20
4	Be	Beryllium	the Greek name for beryl, 'beryllo'	2	2	9.012182(3)	1.85	1560	2742	1.825	1.57	2.8
5	B	Boron	the Arabic 'buraq', which was the name for borax	13	2	10.81(1)² ³ ⁴ ⁹	2.34	2349	4200	1.026	2.04	10
6	C	Carbon	the Latin 'carbo', meaning charcoal	14	2	12.011(1)² ⁴ ⁹	2.267	3800	4300	0.709	2.55	200
7	N	Nitrogen	the Greek 'nitron' and 'genes' meaning nitre-forming	15	2	14.007(1)² ⁴ ⁹	0.0012506	63.15	77.36	1.04	3.04	19
8	O	Oxygen	the Greek 'oxy' and 'genes' meaning acid-forming	16	2	15.999(1)² ⁴ ⁹	0.001429	54.36	90.20	0.918	3.44	461000
9	F	Fluorine	the Latin 'fluere', meaning to flow	17	2	18.9984032(5)	0.001696	53.53	85.03	0.824	3.98	585
10	Ne	Neon	the Greek 'neos', meaning new	18	2	20.1797(6)² ³	0.0008999	24.56	27.07	1.03	–	0.005
11	Na	Sodium	the English word soda (natrium in Latin)^[2]	1	3	22.98976928(2)	0.971	370.87	1156	1.228	0.93	23600
12	Mg	Magnesium	Magnesia, a region in Greece	2	3	24.3050(6)	1.738	923	1363	1.023	1.31	23300
13	Al	Aluminium	the Latin name for alum, 'alumen' meaning bitter salt	13	3	26.9815386(8)	2.698	933.47	2792	0.897	1.61	82300
14	Si	Silicon	the Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning flint	14	3	28.085(1)⁴ ⁹	2.3296	1687	3538	0.705	1.9	282000
15	P	Phosphorus	the Greek 'phosphoros', meaning bringer of light	15	3	30.973762(2)	1.82	317.30	550	0.769	2.19	1050
16	S	Sulfur	Either from the Sanskrit 'sulvere', or the Latin 'sulfurium', both names for sulfur^[2]	16	3	32.06(1)² ⁴ ⁹	2.067	388.36	717.87	0.71	2.58	350
17	Cl	Chlorine	the Greek 'chloros', meaning greenish yellow	17	3	35.45(1)² ³ ⁴ ⁹	0.003214	171.6	239.11	0.479	3.16	145
18	Ar	Argon	the Greek, 'argos', meaning idle	18	3	39.948(1)² ⁴	0.0017837	83.80	87.30	0.52	–	3.5
19	K	Potassium	the English word potash (kalium in Latin)^[2]	1	4	39.0983(1)	0.862	336.53	1032	0.757	0.82	20900
20	Ca	Calcium	the Latin 'calx' meaning lime	2	4	40.078(4)²	1.54	1115	1757	0.647	1	41500
21	Sc	Scandium	Scandinavia (with the Latin name Scandia)	3	4	44.955912(6)	2.989	1814	3109	0.568	1.36	22
22	Ti	Titanium	Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology	4	4	47.867(1)	4.54	1941	3560	0.523	1.54	5650
23	V	Vanadium	Vanadis, an old Norse name for the goddess Freyja	5	4	50.9415(1)	6.11	2183	3680	0.489	1.63	120
24	Cr	Chromium	the Greek 'chroma', meaning colour	6	4	51.9961(6)	7.15	2180	2944	0.449	1.66	102
25	Mn	Manganese	Either the Latin 'magnes', meaning magnet or from the black magnesium oxide, 'magnesia nigra'	7	4	54.938045(5)	7.44	1519	2334	0.479	1.55	950
26	Fe	Iron	the Anglo-Saxon name iren (ferrum in Latin)	8	4	55.845(2)	7.874	1811	3134	0.449	1.83	56300
27	Co	Cobalt	the German word 'kobald', meaning goblin	9	4	58.933195(5)	8.86	1768	3200	0.421	1.88	25
28	Ni	Nickel	the shortened of the German 'kupfernickel' meaning either devil's copper or St. Nicholas's copper	10	4	58.6934(4)	8.912	1728	3186	0.444	1.91	84
29	Cu	Copper	the Old English name coper in turn derived from the Latin 'Cyprium aes', meaning a metal from Cyprus	11	4	63.546(3)⁴	8.96	1357.77	2835	0.385	1.9	60
30	Zn	Zinc	the German, 'zinc', which may in turn be derived from the Persian word 'sing', meaning stone	12	4	65.38(2)	7.134	692.88	1180	0.388	1.65	70
31	Ga	Gallium	France (with the Latin name Gallia)	13	4	69.723(1)	5.907	302.9146	2477	0.371	1.81	19
32	Ge	Germanium	Germany (with the Latin name Germania)	14	4	72.63(1)	5.323	1211.40	3106	0.32	2.01	1.5
33	As	Arsenic	the Greek name 'arsenikon' for the yellow pigment orpiment	15	4	74.92160(2)	5.776	1090 ⁷	887	0.329	2.18	1.8
34	Se	Selenium	Moon (with the Greek name selene)	16	4	78.96(3)⁴	4.809	453	958	0.321	2.55	0.05
35	Br	Bromine	the Greek 'bromos' meaning stench	17	4	79.904(1)	3.122	265.8	332.0	0.474	2.96	2.4
36	Kr	Krypton	the Greek 'kryptos', meaning hidden	18	4	83.798(2)² ³	0.003733	115.79	119.93	0.248	3	<0.001
37	Rb	Rubidium	the Latin 'rubidius', meaning deepest red	1	5	85.4678(3)²	1.532	312.46	961	0.363	0.82	90
38	Sr	Strontium	Strontian, a small town in Scotland	2	5	87.62(1)² ⁴	2.64	1050	1655	0.301	0.95	370
39	Y	Yttrium	Ytterby, Sweden	3	5	88.90585(2)	4.469	1799	3609	0.298	1.22	33
40	Zr	Zirconium	the Persian 'zargun', meaning gold coloured	4	5	91.224(2)²	6.506	2128	4682	0.278	1.33	165
41	Nb	Niobium	Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology	5	5	92.90638(2)	8.57	2750	5017	0.265	1.6	20
42	Mo	Molybdenum	the Greek 'molybdos' meaning lead	6	5	95.96(2)²	10.22	2896	4912	0.251	2.16	1.2
43	Tc	Technetium	the Greek 'tekhnetos' meaning artificial	7	5	[98]¹	11.5	2430	4538	–	1.9	<0.001
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Russia (with the Latin name Ruthenia)	8	5	101.07(2)²	12.37	2607	4423	0.238	2.2	0.001
45	Rh	Rhodium	the Greek 'rhodon', meaning rose coloured	9	5	102.90550(2)	12.41	2237	3968	0.243	2.28	0.001
46	Pd	Palladium	From the asteroid Pallas which had been recently discovered and named at the time. The asteroid was thought to be a planet when it was discovered	10	5	106.42(1)²	12.02	1828.05	3236	0.244	2.2	0.015
47	Ag	Silver	the Anglo-Saxon name siolfur (argentum in Latin)^[2]	11	5	107.8682(2)²	10.501	1234.93	2435	0.235	1.93	0.075
48	Cd	Cadmium	the Latin name for the mineral calmine, 'cadmia'	12	5	112.411(8)²	8.69	594.22	1040	0.232	1.69	0.159
49	In	Indium	the Latin 'indicium', meaning violet or indigo	13	5	114.818(3)	7.31	429.75	2345	0.233	1.78	0.25
50	Sn	Tin	the Anglo-Saxon word tin (stannum in Latin, meaning hard)	14	5	118.710(7)²	7.287	505.08	2875	0.228	1.96	2.3
51	Sb	Antimony	the Greek 'anti – monos', meaning not alone (stibium in Latin)	15	5	121.760(1)²	6.685	903.78	1860	0.207	2.05	0.2
52	Te	Tellurium	Earth, the third planet on solar system (with the Latin word tellus)	16	5	127.60(3)²	6.232	722.66	1261	0.202	2.1	0.001
53	I	Iodine	the Greek 'iodes' meaning violet	17	5	126.90447(3)	4.93	386.85	457.4	0.214	2.66	0.45
54	Xe	Xenon	the Greek 'xenos' meaning stranger	18	5	131.293(6)² ³	0.005887	161.4	165.03	0.158	2.6	<0.001
55	Cs	Caesium	the Latin 'caesius', meaning sky blue	1	6	132.9054519(2)	1.873	301.59	944	0.242	0.79	3
56	Ba	Barium	the Greek 'barys', meaning heavy	2	6	137.327(7)	3.594	1000	2170	0.204	0.89	425
57	La	Lanthanum	the Greek 'lanthanein', meaning to lie hidden		6	138.90547(7)²	6.145	1193	3737	0.195	1.1	39
58	Ce	Cerium	Ceres, the Roman God of agriculture		6	140.116(1)²	6.77	1068	3716	0.192	1.12	66.5
59	Pr	Praseodymium	the Greek 'prasios didymos' meaning green twin		6	140.90765(2)	6.773	1208	3793	0.193	1.13	9.2
60	Nd	Neodymium	the Greek 'neos didymos' meaning new twin		6	144.242(3)²	7.007	1297	3347	0.19	1.14	41.5
61	Pm	Promethium	Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans		6	[145]¹	7.26	1315	3273	–	–	<0.001
62	Sm	Samarium	Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated		6	150.36(2)²	7.52	1345	2067	0.197	1.17	7.05
63	Eu	Europium	Europe		6	151.964(1)²	5.243	1099	1802	0.182	1.2	2
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist		6	157.25(3)²	7.895	1585	3546	0.236	1.2	6.2
65	Tb	Terbium	Ytterby, Sweden		6	158.92535(2)	8.229	1629	3503	0.182	1.2	1.2
66	Dy	Dysprosium	the Greek 'dysprositos', meaning hard to get		6	162.500(1)²	8.55	1680	2840	0.17	1.22	5.2
67	Ho	Holmium	Stockholm, Sweden (with the Latin name Holmia)		6	164.93032(2)	8.795	1734	2993	0.165	1.23	1.3
68	Er	Erbium	Ytterby, Sweden		6	167.259(3)²	9.066	1802	3141	0.168	1.24	3.5
69	Tm	Thulium	Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia		6	168.93421(2)	9.321	1818	2223	0.16	1.25	0.52
70	Yb	Ytterbium	Ytterby, Sweden		6	173.054(5)²	6.965	1097	1469	0.155	1.1	3.2
71	Lu	Lutetium	Paris, France (with the Roman name Lutetia)	3	6	174.9668(1)²	9.84	1925	3675	0.154	1.27	0.8
72	Hf	Hafnium	Copenhagen, Denmark (with the Latin name Hafnia)	4	6	178.49(2)	13.31	2506	4876	0.144	1.3	3
73	Ta	Tantalum	King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology	5	6	180.94788(2)	16.654	3290	5731	0.14	1.5	2
74	W	Tungsten	the Swedish 'tung sten' meaning heavy stone (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)^[2]	6	6	183.84(1)	19.25	3695	5828	0.132	2.36	1.3
75	Re	Rhenium	Rhine River, in Europe (with the Latin name Rhenia)	7	6	186.207(1)	21.02	3459	5869	0.137	1.9	<0.001
76	Os	Osmium	the Greek 'osme', meaning smell	8	6	190.23(3)²	22.61	3306	5285	0.13	2.2	0.002
77	Ir	Iridium	Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow	9	6	192.217(3)	22.56	2719	4701	0.131	2.2	0.001
78	Pt	Platinum	the Spanish 'platina', meaning little silver	10	6	195.084(9)	21.46	2041.4	4098	0.133	2.28	0.005
79	Au	Gold	the Anglo-Saxon word gold (aurum in Latin, meaning glow of sunrise)^[2]	11	6	196.966569(4)	19.282	1337.33	3129	0.129	2.54	0.004
80	Hg	Mercury	Mercury, the first planet in the Solar System (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr- water and argyros silver)	12	6	200.59(2)	13.5336	234.43	629.88	0.14	2	0.085
81	Tl	Thallium	the Greek 'thallos', meaning a green twig	13	6	204.38(1)⁹	11.85	577	1746	0.129	1.62	0.85
82	Pb	Lead	the Anglo-Saxon lead (plumbum in Latin)^[2]	14	6	207.2(1)² ⁴	11.342	600.61	2022	0.129	2.33	14
83	Bi	Bismuth	the German 'Bisemutum' a corruption of 'Weisse Masse' meaning white mass	15	6	208.98040(1)¹	9.807	544.7	1837	0.122	2.02	0.009
84	Po	Polonium	Poland, the native country of Marie Curie, who first isolated the element	16	6	[209]¹	9.32	527	1235	–	2	<0.001
85	At	Astatine	the Greek 'astatos', meaning unstable	17	6	[210]¹	7	575	610	–	2.2	<0.001
86	Rn	Radon	From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay	18	6	[222]¹	0.00973	202	211.3	0.094	–	<0.001
87	Fr	Francium	France	1	7	[223]¹	1.87	300	950	–	0.7	<0.001
88	Ra	Radium	the Latin 'radius', meaning ray	2	7	[226]¹	5.5	973	2010	–	0.9	<0.001
89	Ac	Actinium	the Greek 'actinos', meaning a ray		7	[227]¹	10.07	1323	3471	0.12	1.1	<0.001
90	Th	Thorium	Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder		7	232.03806(2)¹ ²	11.72	2115	5061	0.113	1.3	9.6
91	Pa	Protactinium	the Greek 'protos', meaning first, as a prefix to the element actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium		7	231.03588(2)¹	15.37	1841	4300	–	1.5	<0.001
92	U	Uranium	Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System		7	238.02891(3)¹	18.95	1405.3	4404	0.116	1.38	2.7
93	Np	Neptunium	Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System		7	[237]¹	20.45	917	4273	–	1.36	<0.001
94	Pu	Plutonium	Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System		7	[244]¹	19.84	912.5	3501	–	1.28	<0.001
95	Am	Americium	Americas, the continent where the element was first synthesized		7	[243]¹	13.69	1449	2880	–	1.3	<0.001
96	Cm	Curium	Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist		7	[247]¹	13.51	1613	3383	–	1.3	<0.001
97	Bk	Berkelium	Berkeley, California, USA, where the element was first synthesized		7	[247]¹	14.79	1259	-	–	1.3	<0.001
98	Cf	Californium	California, USA, where the element was first synthesized		7	[251]¹	15.1	1173	-	–	1.3	<0.001
99	Es	Einsteinium	Albert Einstein, physicist		7	[252]¹	13.5	1133	–	–	1.3	0 ⁸
100	Fm	Fermium	Enrico Fermi, physicist		7	[257]¹	–	1800	–	–	1.3	0 ⁸
101	Md	Mendelevium	Dmitri Mendeleyev, chemist and inventor		7	[258]¹	–	1100	–	–	1.3	0 ⁸
102	No	Nobelium	Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer		7	[259]¹	–	1100	–	–	1.3	0 ⁸
103	Lr	Lawrencium	Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist	3	7	[262]¹	–	1900	–	–	1.3	0 ⁸
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist	4	7	[267]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
105	Db	Dubnium	Dubna, Russia	5	7	[268]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
106	Sg	Seaborgium	Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist	6	7	[269]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
107	Bh	Bohrium	Niels Bohr, physicist	7	7	[270]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
108	Hs	Hassium	Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized	8	7	[269]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
109	Mt	Meitnerium	Lise Meitner, physicist	9	7	[278]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized	10	7	[281]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
111	Rg	Roentgenium	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist	11	7	[281]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
112	Cn	Copernicium	Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer	12	7	[285]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
113	Nh	Nihonium^[3]	Nihon, the main Japanese name for Japan; for research at the Riken (理研) institute.	13	7	[286]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
114	Fl	Flerovium	Georgy Flyorov, physicist	14	7	[289]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
115	Mc	Moscovium^[3]	Named after Moscow, capital of Russia	15	7	[288]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
116	Lv	Livermorium	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in Livermore, California, U.S.	16	7	[293]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
117	Ts	Tennessine^[3]	US state Tennessee for work at Vanderbilt University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory there	17	7	[294]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
118	Og	Oganesson^[3]	Named after Yuri Oganesson, chemist involved in the synthesis of many elements	18	7	[294]¹	–	–	–	–	–	0 ⁸
9e99	~z	~z	9e99	9e99	9e99	9e99	9e99	9e99	9e99	9e99	9e99

Notes change

^1 The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.
^2 The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
^3 The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
^4 The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
^5 The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996–analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
^6 This element does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. The value listed above, 0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidify at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
^7 This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure
^8 The transuranic elements 99 and above do not occur naturally, but some of them can be produced artificially.
^9 The value listed is the conventional value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
^10 Electronegativity on the Pauling scale. Standard symbol: χ

References change

↑ Royal Society of Chemistry – Visual Element Periodic Table
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-05-15. Retrieved 2013-07-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 "IUPAC Announces the Names of the Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118". IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2018-12-09.

M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (11). IUPAC: 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. S2CID 94552853. (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1–102)
M.E. Wieser (2007). "IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2007)". IUPAC. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
M. E. Wieser; T. B. Coplen (2010). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). IUPAC. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
Sonzogni , Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2008-06-06. (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103–118)
IUPAC (2016). "Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 are now formally named nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og)"

[1] Royal Society of Chemistry – Visual Element Periodic Table

[innvista-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-05-15. Retrieved 2013-07-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 "IUPAC Announces the Names of the Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118". IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2018-12-09.

[1]

[2]

[3]