Poznań Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Poznańskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1919–1939, created after World War I from the Prussian-German province of Poznań (Province of Posen). The borders were changed in 1939: the city of Bydgoszcz passed to the Pomeranian Voivodeship, but some eastern areas were included (see Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships on April 1, 1938).
| Poznań Voivodeship Województwo Poznańskie | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voivodeship of Poland | |||||||||
| 1919–1939 | |||||||||
.png) Location of Poznań Voivodeship (red) within the Second Republic of Poland (1938). | |||||||||
| Capital | Poznań | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| • Coordinates | 52°24′N 16°55′E / 52.400°N 16.917°E | ||||||||
• 1921 | 26,528 km2 (10,243 sq mi) | ||||||||
• 1931 | 26,528 km2 (10,243 sq mi) | ||||||||
• 1939 | 28,089 km2 (10,845 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1921 | 1,967,865 | ||||||||
• 1931 | 2,339,600 | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| Voivode | |||||||||
• Aug–October 1919 (first) | Wojciech Trąmpczyński | ||||||||
• September 1939 (last) | Cyryl Ratajski | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1 August 1919 | ||||||||
| 1 April 1938 | |||||||||
• Annexed | 12 September 1939 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
During World War II, it was occupied by Nazi Germany and annexed as Reichsgau Wartheland "(Reich province of the Land of the Warta River)".
Area and counties
editBetween April 1, 1938 and September 1, 1939, the Voivodeship's area was 28 089 km2, and its population - 2 339 600 (according to the 1931 Polish census). It consisted of 29 powiats (the highest number in Poland, however, most of them were very small, both in area and population), 100 towns (the highest number in Poland) and 237 villages. Railroad density was high, with 10.1 km. per 100 km2 (total length of railroads within the Voivodeship's area was 2684 km, the highest in the whole country). Forests covered 19.8% of the Voivodeship, which was lower than the national average (in 1937 the average was 22.2%).
Poznańskie Voivodeship was one of the richest and best developed in interwar Poland. With numerous cities and well-developed rail, it also was a breadbasket of the country, its highly efficient agriculture was well-mechanized. The city of Poznań was a big industrial center, as well as a key railroad junction. Only 7.6% of population was illiterate, which was much lower than the national average of 23.1% (as of 1931). Poles made up the majority of the population (90.5%), with 9.2% Germans and 0.3% Jews.
After World War I the number of Germans was 224,254 in 1926 and 203,135 in 1934.[1]
This is the list of the Poznań Voivodeship counties as for August 31, 1939:
- Chodzież county (area 893 km2, pop. 44 500),
- Czarnków county (area 919 km2, pop. 43 300),
- city of Gniezno county (area 18 km2, pop. 30 700),
- Gniezno county (area 1 126 km2, pop. 57 300),
- Gostyń county (area 701 km2, pop. 55 900),
- Jarocin county (area 1 124 km2, pop. 87 500),
- Kalisz county (area 1 478 km2, pop. 196 700),
- Kępno county (area 1 179 km2, pop. 86 900),
- Koło county (area 1 097 km2, pop. 109 800),
- Konin county (area 2 152 km2, pop. 168 000),
- Kościan county (area 1 057 km2, pop. 78 900),
- Krotoszyn county (area 915 km2, pop. 75 500),
- Leszno county (area 827 km2, pop. 61 200),
- Międzychód county (area 755 km2, pop. 31 000),
- Mogilno county (area 1 059 km2, pop. 70 300),
Map of the administrative division in 1938. - Oborniki county (area 966 km2, pop. 50 400),
- Ostrów Wielkopolski county (area 1 194 km2, pop. 104 100),
- city of Poznań county (area 77 km2, pop. 246 500),
- Poznań county (area 1 227 km2, pop. 91 200),
- Rawicz county (area 523 km2, pop. 49 900),
- Szamotuły county (area 1 076 km2, pop. 67 700),
- Środa Wielkopolska county (area 800 km2, pop. 49 900),
- Śrem county (area 921 km2, pop. 57 300),
- Turek county (area 1 591 km2, pop. 130 500),
- Wągrowiec county (area 1 037 km2, pop. 54 300),
- Wolsztyn county (area 754 km2, pop. 47 900),
- Września county (area 608 km2, pop. 43 700),
- Żnin county (area 739 km2, pop. 41 500).
Main cities
editThe biggest cities of the Voivodeship were (data according to the 1931 census):
- Poznań (pop. 246 500),
- Kalisz (pop. 68 300),
- Gniezno (pop. 30 700),
- Ostrów Wielkopolski (pop. 24 400),
- Leszno (pop. 19 400),
- Koło (pop. 13 800)
- Krotoszyn (pop. 13 000),
- Konin (pop. 10 300).
Ethnic and religious structure
editAccording to the 1921 census the voivodeship was inhabited by 1,967,865 people, of whom by nationality 1,636,316 were Poles (83.2%), 327,846 were Germans (16.7%), 1,485 were Jews (0.1%) and 2,218 were all others (0.1%). By religion, according to the 1921 census, 1,632,087 were Roman Catholics (83%), 322,872 were Protestants of all kinds (16.4%), 10,397 were Jews (0.5%) and 2,509 were all others (0.1%).[2]
The detailed results of the 1931 census by county are presented below:
| County | Pop. | Polish | % | Yiddish & Hebrew | % | German | % | Other language % | Roman Catholic | % | Jewish | % | Protestant | % | Other religion % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poznań City | 246470 | 238167 | 96.6% | 1067 | 0.4% | 6387 | 2.6% | 0.3% | 236829 | 96.1% | 1954 | 0.8% | 6516 | 2.6% | 0.5% |
| Bydgoszcz City | 117200 | 104647 | 89.3% | 912 | 0.8% | 11276 | 9.6% | 0.3% | 103594 | 88.4% | 1692 | 1.4% | 10648 | 9.1% | 1.1% |
| Bydgoszcz County | 58139 | 50247 | 86.4% | 144 | 0.2% | 7517 | 12.9% | 0.4% | 44831 | 77.1% | 148 | 0.3% | 12700 | 21.8% | 0.8% |
| Chodzież | 44508 | 31930 | 71.7% | 47 | 0.1% | 12493 | 28.1% | 0.1% | 30831 | 69.3% | 150 | 0.3% | 13384 | 30.1% | 0.3% |
| Czarnków | 43256 | 36764 | 85.0% | 138 | 0.3% | 6273 | 14.5% | 0.2% | 36997 | 85.5% | 259 | 0.6% | 5894 | 13.6% | 0.2% |
| Gniezno City | 30675 | 29873 | 97.4% | 102 | 0.3% | 675 | 2.2% | 0.1% | 29802 | 97.2% | 137 | 0.4% | 678 | 2.2% | 0.2% |
| Gniezno County | 57256 | 50391 | 88.0% | 24 | 0.0% | 6790 | 11.9% | 0.1% | 49215 | 86.0% | 174 | 0.3% | 7595 | 13.3% | 0.5% |
| Gostyń | 55929 | 53461 | 95.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 2456 | 4.4% | 0.0% | 53270 | 95.2% | 28 | 0.1% | 2543 | 4.5% | 0.2% |
| Inowrocław City | 34364 | 33498 | 97.5% | 51 | 0.1% | 753 | 2.2% | 0.2% | 33356 | 97.1% | 139 | 0.4% | 750 | 2.2% | 0.3% |
| Inowrocław County | 48599 | 40956 | 84.3% | 5 | 0.0% | 7584 | 15.6% | 0.1% | 40796 | 83.9% | 25 | 0.1% | 7605 | 15.6% | 0.4% |
| Jarocin | 87546 | 83692 | 95.6% | 52 | 0.1% | 3744 | 4.3% | 0.1% | 84355 | 96.4% | 113 | 0.1% | 2912 | 3.3% | 0.2% |
| Kępno | 86849 | 82685 | 95.2% | 102 | 0.1% | 3273 | 3.8% | 0.9% | 77658 | 89.4% | 296 | 0.3% | 8393 | 9.7% | 0.6% |
| Kościan | 78899 | 76019 | 96.3% | 1 | 0.0% | 2832 | 3.6% | 0.1% | 75984 | 96.3% | 24 | 0.0% | 2675 | 3.4% | 0.3% |
| Krotoszyn | 75456 | 69733 | 92.4% | 44 | 0.1% | 5625 | 7.5% | 0.1% | 69264 | 91.8% | 152 | 0.2% | 5833 | 7.7% | 0.3% |
| Leszno | 61211 | 51240 | 83.7% | 115 | 0.2% | 9814 | 16.0% | 0.1% | 55120 | 90.0% | 222 | 0.4% | 5729 | 9.4% | 0.2% |
| Międzychód | 31032 | 28013 | 90.3% | 7 | 0.0% | 2992 | 9.6% | 0.1% | 27107 | 87.4% | 11 | 0.0% | 3844 | 12.4% | 0.2% |
| Mogilno | 89186 | 81347 | 91.2% | 35 | 0.0% | 7719 | 8.7% | 0.1% | 80814 | 90.6% | 158 | 0.2% | 7965 | 8.9% | 0.3% |
| Nowy Tomyśl | 87331 | 70946 | 81.2% | 25 | 0.0% | 16289 | 18.7% | 0.1% | 71915 | 82.3% | 150 | 0.2% | 14888 | 17.0% | 0.4% |
| Oborniki | 50388 | 42296 | 83.9% | 48 | 0.1% | 7960 | 15.8% | 0.2% | 42216 | 83.8% | 193 | 0.4% | 7785 | 15.5% | 0.4% |
| Ostrów Wlkp. | 104126 | 100017 | 96.1% | 6 | 0.0% | 3985 | 3.8% | 0.1% | 93636 | 89.9% | 106 | 0.1% | 10082 | 9.7% | 0.3% |
| Poznań County | 91182 | 86466 | 94.8% | 8 | 0.0% | 4596 | 5.0% | 0.1% | 86134 | 94.5% | 32 | 0.0% | 4654 | 5.1% | 0.4% |
| Rawicz | 49882 | 44834 | 89.9% | 61 | 0.1% | 4812 | 9.6% | 0.4% | 44254 | 88.7% | 94 | 0.2% | 5258 | 10.5% | 0.6% |
| Szamotuły | 67742 | 62933 | 92.9% | 82 | 0.1% | 4709 | 7.0% | 0.0% | 62640 | 92.5% | 250 | 0.4% | 4578 | 6.8% | 0.4% |
| Szubin | 47825 | 38091 | 79.6% | 35 | 0.1% | 9638 | 20.2% | 0.1% | 37770 | 79.0% | 119 | 0.2% | 9776 | 20.4% | 0.3% |
| Śrem | 57304 | 54269 | 94.7% | 20 | 0.0% | 2996 | 5.2% | 0.0% | 54107 | 94.4% | 82 | 0.1% | 3000 | 5.2% | 0.2% |
| Środa Wlkp. | 49902 | 47833 | 95.9% | 17 | 0.0% | 2016 | 4.0% | 0.1% | 47667 | 95.5% | 75 | 0.2% | 2029 | 4.1% | 0.3% |
| Wągrowiec | 54259 | 47159 | 86.9% | 36 | 0.1% | 7039 | 13.0% | 0.0% | 46574 | 85.8% | 100 | 0.2% | 7424 | 13.7% | 0.3% |
| Wolsztyn | 47892 | 37993 | 79.3% | 12 | 0.0% | 9857 | 20.6% | 0.1% | 38708 | 80.8% | 48 | 0.1% | 8968 | 18.7% | 0.4% |
| Września | 43698 | 41119 | 94.1% | 42 | 0.1% | 2506 | 5.7% | 0.1% | 41370 | 94.7% | 77 | 0.2% | 2188 | 5.0% | 0.1% |
| Wyrzysk | 66873 | 53057 | 79.3% | 20 | 0.0% | 13736 | 20.5% | 0.1% | 53414 | 79.9% | 132 | 0.2% | 13069 | 19.5% | 0.4% |
| Żnin | 41521 | 36719 | 88.4% | 33 | 0.1% | 4738 | 11.4% | 0.1% | 36573 | 88.1% | 71 | 0.2% | 4724 | 11.4% | 0.4% |
| Total | 2106500 | 1906395 | 90.5% | 3291 | 0.2% | 193080 | 9.2% | 0.2% | 1886801 | 89.6% | 7211 | 0.3% | 204087 | 9.7% | 0.4% |
German minority
editIn 1926 and 1934 German minority in Poznań Voivodeship carried out their own censuses, counting themselves. Here are their results:
Voivodes
edit- Wojciech Trąmpczyński 1 August 1919 – 23 October 1919
- Witold Celichowski 1 August 1919 – 2 January 1923
- Adolf Bniński 10 January 1923 – 9 May 1928
- Piotr Dunin-Borkowski 9 May 1928 – 11 October 1929
- Roger Adam Raczyński 11 October 1929 – 31 July 1934
- Stanisław Kaucki 1 August 1934 – 15 January 1935 (acting)
- Artur Maruszewski 16 June 1935 – 23 June 1935
- Mikołaj Kwaśniewski 26 June 1935 – 13 September 1935
- Tadeusz Walicki 19 September 1935 – 29 October 1935 (acting)
- Artur Maruszewski 29 October 1935 – 19 May 1939
- Ludwik Bociański 19 May 1939 – 12 September 1939
- Cyryl Ratajski 4 September 1939 – 12 September 1939 (acting)
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Kotowski, Albert S. (1998). Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919-1939 (in German). Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa, University of Dortmund. p. 56. ISBN 3-447-03997-3.
- ^ "Plik:Woj.poznańskie-Polska spis powszechny 1921.pdf – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia" (PDF). commons.wikimedia.org (in Polish). 1928. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ "Plik:Woj.poznańskie-Polska spis powszechny 1931.pdf – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia" (PDF). commons.wikimedia.org (in Polish). 1938. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ Statystyczny, Główny Urząd (1938), English: Dane spisu powszechnego 1931 Miasto Poznań (PDF), retrieved 2024-06-16
References
edit- Maly rocznik statystyczny 1939, Nakladem Glownego Urzedu Statystycznego, Warszawa 1939 (Concise Statistical Year-Book of Poland, Warsaw 1939).