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2019 Nigerian general election

(Redirected from Nigerian general election, 2019)

General elections were held in Nigeria on 23 February 2019 to elect the President, Vice President, House of Representatives and the Senate.[1][2][3][4] The elections had initially been scheduled for 16 February, but the Electoral Commission postponed the vote by a week at 03:00 on the original polling day, citing logistical challenges in getting electoral materials to polling stations on time.[5] In some places, the vote was delayed until 24 February due to electoral violence.[6] Polling in some areas was subsequently delayed until 9 March, when voting was carried out alongside gubernatorial and state assembly elections.[7]

2019 Nigerian general election
← 201523–24 February 20192023 →
Registered82,344,107
Presidential election
Turnout34.75% (Decrease8.90pp)
 
NomineeMuhammadu BuhariAtiku Abubakar
PartyAPCPDP
Running mateYemi OsinbajoPeter Obi
States carried1917 + FCT
Popular vote15,191,84711,262,978
Percentage55.60%41.22%
States won by Abubakar (in green) and Buhari (blue)
President before election

Muhammadu Buhari
APC

Elected President

Muhammadu Buhari
APC

National Assembly election
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
Senate
APCAhmed Ibrahim Lawan63+3
PDPBukola Saraki45−3
YPPIfeanyi Ubah1New
House of Representatives
APCFemi Gbajabiamila202−10
PDPYakubu Dogara128−12
APGAVictor Ikechukwu Oye9+4
ADC3+3
AA2New
PRP2+2
ADP1New
APM1New
LPMike Omotosho10
SDPOlu Falae10
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

The elections were the most expensive ever held in Nigeria, costing ₦69 billion (US$625 million)[8] more than the 2015 elections.[9][10]

Incumbent president Muhammadu Buhari won his re-election bid, defeating his closest rival Atiku Abubakar by over 3 million votes. He was issued a Certificate of Return,[11][12] and was sworn in on 29 May 2019, the former date of Democracy Day.[13]

Electoral system

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The President of Nigeria is elected using a modified two round system, to be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive a majority of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the 36 states. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round is held.[14]

The 109 members of the Senate were elected from 109 single-seat constituencies (three in each state and one for the Federal Capital Territory) by first-past-the-post voting.[15] The 360 members of the House of Representatives were also elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies.[16]

Presidential candidates

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Party primaries

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PDP

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The People's Democratic Party held its presidential primaries on 5 October 2018, at the Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Thirteen aspirants contested for the ticket of the PDP, with Atiku Abubakar emerging the winner.[17]

CandidateVotes%
Atiku Abubakar1,53248.6
Aminu Tambuwal69322.0
Bukola Saraki31710.1
Rabiu Kwankwaso 1585.0
Ibrahim Dankwambo1113.5
Sule Lamido963.0
Ahmed Makarfi 742.3
Tanimu Turaki652.1
Attahiru Bafarawa481.5
David Mark 351.1
Jonah Jang190.6
Datti Ahmed50.1
Total3,153100
Source: The Punch[18]

APC

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Though some party members aspired for office of the president, notably, Dr. SKC Ogbonnia, Chief Charles Udeogaranya, and Alhaji Mumakai-Unagha, the incumbent President Muhammadu Buhari was selected as the sole candidate of the All Progressives Congress party primaries held on 29 September 2018 amidst charges of imposition.[19]

Other candidates

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Presidential debates

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A presidential and vice-presidential debate was organised by the Nigerian Elections Debate Group (NEDG) and the Broadcasting Organisations of Nigeria (BON), with invitations extended to five of the 78 presidential candidates. The Debate Group explained the exclusion of other candidates as a measure to ensure the effectiveness of the debate and not an endorsement of the candidates chosen.[33][34]

The vice presidential debate was held on 14 December 2018, at the Transcorp Hilton Hotels in Abuja. All invited vice presidential candidates were present, with candidates discussing health, education, security, economy and foreign affairs policies plans.[35][36][37]

The presidential debate occurred on 19 January 2019, and took place at the same venue. The two leading presidential contestants were absent, with Atiku Abubakar leaving the venue upon discovering that Muhammadu Buhari was absent. Fela Durotoye (ANN), Oby Ezekwesili (ACPN) and Kingsley Moghalu (YPN) continued the debate, while criticising the absence of the others. Mark Eddo moderated the debate.[38][39]

Opinion polls

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Poll sourceDateSample sizeAbubakar
PDP		Buhari
APC		OthersNotes
Seamfix[40][41]9 November 2018 – 4 January 20192,44048%25%31%
NigeriaVotes[42]19 November 2018 – 26 February 201911,32632%42%26%

Conduct

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Immediately following the elections there were claims of widespread fraud by the opposition. The claims included accusations of ballot box snatching, vote-trading and impersonation. There were also claims that caches of explosives were found by police.[43][44] Losing candidate Atiku Abubakar filed a case in the Nigerian supreme court citing widespread irregularities in the polls . However the court dismissed his case, saying that Atiku has failed to prove widespread fraud committed by the electoral team of Buhari. The court also dismissed an allegation which said that Buhari lied about his academic background.[45]

The African Union said the elections were "largely peaceful and conducive for the conducting of credible elections." The electoral commission also described the elections as mostly peaceful.[46] On the contrary, US-based organisation Freedom House severely criticised the conduct, saying that they were marred by irregularities and intimidation.[47]

Results

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President

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The results of the presidential election were announced in the early hours of 27 February 2019.[48]

CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Muhammadu BuhariYemi OsinbajoAll Progressives Congress15,191,84755.60
Atiku AbubakarPeter ObiPeople's Democratic Party11,262,97841.22
Felix NicolasAdo BabaPeoples Coalition Party110,1960.40
Obadiah MailafiaNasiru Tanimowo Nurain BolanleAfrican Democratic Congress97,8740.36
Gbor John Wilson TerwaseGerald Chukwueke NdudiAll Progressives Grand Alliance66,8510.24
Yabagi SaniOlateru Olagbegi Martin KunleAction Democratic Party54,9300.20
Akhimien Davidson IsiborHamman Ibrahim ModibboGrassroots Development Party of Nigeria41,8520.15
Ibrahim Aliyu HassanAdeleke Adesoji Masilo AderemiAfrican Peoples Alliance36,8660.13
Donald DukeShehu Musa GabamSocial Democratic Party34,7460.13
Omoyele SoworeRufai Rabiu AhmedAfrican Action Congress33,9530.12
Da-Silva Thomas AyoMuhammad Aisha AbubakarSave Nigeria Congress28,6800.10
Shitu Mohammed KabirOlayemi Memunat MahmudAdvanced Peoples Democratic Alliance26,5580.10
Yusuf Mamman DantallePrince Duru NwabuezeAllied Peoples' Movement26,0390.10
Kingsley MoghaluAbdullahi Umma GetsoYoung Progressives Party21,8860.08
Ameh Peter OjonugwaEdun KehindeProgressive Peoples Alliance21,8220.08
Isaac Babatunde OsiteluNafiu Muhammad LawalAccord Party19,2190.07
Fela DurotoyeAbdullahi Khadijah IyahAlliance for New Nigeria16,7790.06
Bashayi Isa DansarkiAdepoju Oluwatoyin GraceMasses Movement of Nigeria14,5400.05
Osakwe Felix JohnsonMohammed Alhaji AliDemocratic People's Party14,4830.05
Abdulrashid Hassan BabaUchendu Uju Peace OzokaAction Alliance14,3800.05
Nwokeafor Ikechukwu NdubuisiAli AbdullahiAdvanced Congress of Democrats11,3250.04
Maina Maimuna KyariOluwole Yetunde FolakeNorthern People's Congress10,0810.04
Victor OkhaiIyan Tama Hamisu LamidoProvidence Peoples Congress8,9790.03
Chike UkaegbuSafiya Ibrahim OgohAdvanced Allied Party8,9020.03
Oby EzekwesiliGaladima Ganiyu OseniAllied Congress Party of Nigeria7,2230.03
Ibrahim Usman AlhajiNwafor-Orizu OnwaNational Rescue Movement6,2290.02
Ike KekeJohnson OmedeNew Nigeria People's Party6,1110.02
Moses AyibiowuIdoko Michael EmaikuNational Unity Party5,3230.02
Awosola Williams OlusolaSeiyefa FetepigiDemocratic Peoples Congress5,2420.02
Muhammed Usman ZakiAkpan Tom EzekielLabour Party5,0740.02
Eke Samuel ChukwumaMusa Hadiza AruwaGreen Party of Nigeria4,9240.02
Nwachukwu Chuks NwabuikwuTijjani Aisha AliAll Grassroots Alliance4,6890.02
Hamza al-MustaphaOpara RobertPeoples Party of Nigeria4,6220.02
Shipi Moses GodiaOkwuanyasi Abiola Kika ShaliatAll Blended Party4,5230.02
Chris OkotieBinutu Adefela AkinolaFresh Democratic Party4,5540.02
Tope FasuaYakubu Aminu ZakariAbundant Nigeria Renewal Party4,3400.02
OnwubuyaAhmad Muhammad NourayniFreedom And Justice Party4,1740.02
Asukwo Mendie ArchibongIte Donald-EkpoNigeria For Democracy4,0960.01
Ahmed BuhariNwagu Kingsley PhilipSustainable National Party3,9410.01
Salisu Yunusa TankoJames FunmiNational Conscience Party3,7990.01
Shittu Moshood AsiwajuOkere EvelynAlliance National Party3,5860.01
Obinna Uchechukwu IkeagwuonuOmotosho EmmanuelAll People's Party3,5850.01
Balogun Isiaka IsholaShuaibu MuhammadUnited Democratic Party3,1700.01
Obaje Yusufu AmehSule Olalekan GaniyuAdvanced Nigeria Democratic Party3,1040.01
Chief Umenwa GodwinIbrahim Saheed OlaikaAll Grand Alliance Party3,0710.01
Israel Nonyerem DavidsonHassan Dawud JiddaReform and Advancement Party2,9720.01
Ukonga FrankMusa Saidu ShuaibuDemocratic Alternative2,7690.01
Santuraki HamisuUfondu Chinwe FlorenceMega Party of Nigeria2,7520.01
Funmilayo Adesanya-DaviesMercy Olufunmilayo IbenemeMass Action Joint Alliance2,6510.01
Gbenga Olawepo-HashimAgwuncha Nwankwo ArthurPeoples Trust2,6130.01
Ali SoyodeAbdullahi Balkisu MustaphaYes Electorates Solidarity2,3940.01
Nsehe NseobongAbuh MohammedRestoration Party of Nigeria2,3880.01
Ojinika Geff ChizeeYakubu Usman U.Coalition for Change2,3910.01
Rabia Yasai Hassan CengizUhuegbu Chineme JusticeNational Action Council2,2790.01
Eunice AtuejideBello Muhammad JibrilNational Interest Party2,2480.01
Dara JohnAbubakar SalisuAlliance of Social Democrats2,1460.01
Fagbenro-Byron Samuel AdesinaAdo Ummar AbbasKowa Party1,9110.01
Emmanuel EtimAdeola Zainab HazzanChange Nigeria Party1,8740.01
Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday ChikenduSalihu Iman AliyuJustice Must Prevail Party1,8530.01
Madu Nnamdi EdozieAdamu AbubakarIndependent Democrats1,8450.01
Osuala Chukwudi JohnMuhammad FalaliRe-build Nigeria Party1,7920.01
Albert Owuru AmbroseYahaya Shaba HarunaHope Democratic Party1,6630.01
David Esosa Ize-IyamuKofar Mata Maryam UmarBetter Nigeria Progressive Party1,6490.01
Inwa Ahmed SakilNkwocha Echemor NkwochaUnity Party of Nigeria1,6310.01
Akpua RobinsonAhmadu UmaruNational Democratic Liberty Party1,5880.01
Mark Emmanuel AuduOkeke MosesUnited Patriots1,5610.01
Ishaka Paul OfemileVincent Akinfelami AkinbanaiNigeria Elements Progressive Party1,5240.01
Kriz DavidAzael Vashi ChecheraLiberation Movement1,4380.01
Ademola Babatunde AbidemiTataji Aisha AsabeNigeria Community Movement Party1,3780.01
A. Edosomwan JohnsonNasiru MohammedNational Democratic Liberty Party1,1920.00
Angela JohnsonZayyanu AbubakarAlliance for a United Nigeria1,0920.00
Abah Lewis ElaigwuOmohimua Michael OkojieChange Advocacy Party1,1110.00
Nwangwu Uchenna PeterAdebiwale Olaurewaju OdunladeWe The People Nigeria7320.00
Total27,324,583100.00
Valid votes27,324,58395.49
Invalid/blank votes1,289,6074.51
Total votes28,614,190100.00
Registered voters/turnout82,344,10734.75
Source: Independent National Electoral Commission

By geopolitical zone

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Geo­political zoneMuhammadu Buhari
APC		Atiku Abubakar
PDP		Felix Nicolas
PCP		Obadiah Mailafia
ADC		Gbor Terwase
AAC		OthersMarginTotal valid votes
Votes%T.Votes%T.Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
North Central[a]2,465,59953.59%72,023,76943.98%719,0280.41%7,1420.16%7,3160.16%78,2691.70%441,8309.60%4,601,123
North East[b]3,238,78370.68%61,255,35727.40%211,4440.25%5,2070.11%1,9160.04%69,3651.51%1,983,42643.29%4,582,072
North West[c]5,995,65171.18%72,280,46527.07%317,9530.21%2,4490.03%3,0480.04%123,8231.47%3,715,18644.11%8,423,389
South East[d]403,96818.19%31,693,48576.26%514,7200.66%1,6650.07%52,3922.36%54,5262.46%−1,289,517−58.07%2,220,756
South South[e]1,051,39631.34%52,233,23266.56%614,7520.44%4,1560.12%1,0590.03%50,4861.50%−1,181,836−35.23%3,355,081
South West[f]1,051,39749.16%61,776,67042.89%629,3890.71%77,2551.87%1,1200.03%221,2785.34%259,7806.27%4,142,162
Total1,051,39855.60%3411,262,97841.22%29107,2860.39%97,8740.36%66,8510.24%597,7472.19%3,928,86914.38%27,324,583

By state

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StateMuhammadu Buhari
APC		Atiku Abubakar
PDP		Felix Nicolas
PCP		Obadiah Mailafia
ADC		Gbor Terwase
AAC		OthersMarginTotal valid votes
Votes%T.Votes%T.Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
Abia85,05826.31%1219,69867.96%11,4890.46%3360.10%9,6382.98%7,0722.19%−134,640−41.65%323,291
Adamawa378,07846.59%1410,26650.55%13,6700.45%3,9890.49%1590.02%15,3721.89%−32,188−3.97%811,534
Akwa Ibom175,42930.31%1395,83268.39%11,9020.33%2300.04%610.01%5,3210.92%−220,403−38.08%578,775
Anambra33,2985.50%0524,73886.63%14,3740.72%2270.04%30,0344.96%13,0632.16%−491,440−81.13%605,734
Bauchi798,42877.95%1209,31320.43%02,1040.21%2960.03%1490.01%14,0171.37%589,11557.51%1,024,307
Bayelsa118,82136.93%1197,93361.51%11,5840.49%1,0780.34%530.02%2,2980.71%−79,112−24.59%321,767
Benue347,66847.70%1356,81748.95%12,7930.38%5540.08%4,5820.63%16,4982.26%−9,149−1.26%728,912
Borno836,49690.94%171,7887.80%01,5630.17%3010.03%1870.02%9,4511.03%764,70883.14%919,786
Cross River117,30227.80%1295,73770.10%12,0330.48%3260.08%430.01%6,4601.53%−178,435−42.29%421,901
Delta221,29226.67%1594,06871.59%12,7530.33%1,0750.13%1450.02%10,4291.26%−372,776−44.93%829,762
Ebonyi90,72625.26%1258,57372.00%11,6370.46%2130.06%2220.06%7,7602.16%−167,847−46.74%359,131
Edo267,84247.77%1275,69149.17%13,5260.63%8500.15%1430.03%12,6592.26%−7,849−1.40%560,711
Ekiti219,23157.52%1154,03240.41%12,2990.60%4060.11%390.01%5,1251.34%65,19917.11%381,132
Enugu54,42312.93%0355,55384.45%12,3370.56%3480.08%1,6180.38%6,7351.60%−301,130−71.52%421,014
F.C.T.152,22435.91%1259,99761.33%12,9210.69%2460.06%2550.06%8,3081.96%−107,773−25.42%423,951
Gombe402,96172.71%1138,48424.99%01,6790.30%2480.04%1240.02%10,7071.93%264,47747.72%554,203
Imo140,46327.46%1334,92365.47%14,8830.95%5410.11%10,8802.13%19,8963.89%−194,460−38.01%511,586
Jigawa794,73871.84%1289,89526.21%12,7610.25%2610.02%1400.01%18,4491.67%504,84345.64%1,106,244
Kaduna993,44559.72%1649,61239.05%14,0270.24%5580.03%7490.05%15,2120.91%343,83320.67%1,663,603
Kano1,464,76877.45%1391,59320.71%03,5680.19%5910.03%5490.03%30,0651.59%1,073,17556.75%1,891,134
Katsina1,232,13379.21%1308,05619.80%02,3990.15%2370.02%3310.02%12,3170.79%924,07759.41%1,555,473
Kebbi581,55276.86%1154,28220.39%01,7940.24%2850.04%2280.03%18,4642.44%427,27056.47%756,605
Kogi285,89454.87%1218,20741.88%12,2070.42%4,3690.84%3180.06%10,0211.92%67,68712.99%521,016
Kwara308,98467.22%1138,18430.06%12,1080.46%4560.10%890.02%9,8552.14%170,80037.16%459,676
Lagos580,82553.31%1448,01541.12%18,4580.78%2,9150.27%4990.05%48,8554.48%132,81012.19%1,089,567
Nasarawa289,90349.92%1283,84748.87%11,8680.32%3390.06%1,5230.26%3,2980.57%6,0561.04%580,778
Niger612,37171.88%1218,05225.59%12,8550.34%5880.07%3890.05%17,6822.08%394,31946.28%851,937
Ogun281,76249.94%1194,65534.50%13,5630.63%25,2834.48%2220.04%58,77110.42%87,10715.44%564,256
Ondo241,76943.48%1275,90149.62%14,8290.87%6,2961.13%900.02%27,1094.88%−34,132−6.14%555,994
Osun347,63448.64%1337,37747.21%14,8880.68%1,5250.21%730.01%23,1853.24%10,2571.44%714,682
Oyo365,22943.66%1366,69043.83%15,3520.64%40,8304.88%1970.02%58,2336.96%−1,461−0.17%836,531
Plateau468,55545.28%1548,66553.02%14,2760.41%5900.06%1600.02%12,6071.22%−80,110−7.74%1,034,853
Rivers150,71023.47%0473,97173.81%12,9540.46%5970.09%6140.10%13,3192.07%−323,261−50.34%642,165
Sokoto490,33356.24%1361,60441.47%12,6300.30%3310.04%3130.04%16,6801.91%128,72914.76%871,891
Taraba324,90645.58%1374,74352.57%13210.05%2110.03%1,0710.15%11,6251.63%−49,837−6.99%712,877
Yobe497,91489.01%150,7639.08%02,1070.38%1620.03%2260.04%8,1931.46%447,15179.94%559,365
Zamfara438,68275.84%1125,42321.68%07740.13%1860.03%7380.13%12,6362.18%313,25954.16%578,439
Total15,191,84755.60%3411,262,97841.22%29107,2860.39%97,8740.36%66,8510.24%597,7472.19%3,928,86914.38%27,324,583
BuhariAbubakarNicolasMailafiaTerwaseOthersMarginTotal
Source: BBC, This Day, Vanguard[49][50][51]
Close states
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States where the margin of victory was under 1%:

  1. Oyo State, 0.17% (1,461 votes) margin for Abubakar

States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5%:

  1. Nasarawa State, 1.04% (6,056 votes) margin for Buhari
  2. Benue State, 1.26% (9,149 votes) margin for Abubakar
  3. Edo State, 1.40% (7,849 votes) margin for Abubakar
  4. Osun State, 1.44% (10,257 votes) margin for Buhari
  5. Adamawa State, 3.97% (32,188 votes) margin for Abubakar

States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10%:

  1. Ondo State, 6.14% (34,132 votes) margin for Abubakar
  2. Taraba State, 6.99% (49,837 votes) margin for Abubakar
  3. Plateau State, 7.74% (80,110 votes) margin for Abubakar

Senate

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Main article: 2019 Nigerian Senate election

Senate President Bukola Saraki (PDP) was defeated in Kwara Central by the APC candidate.[52]

Currently, 64 incumbent Senators will not be returning as members of the Ninth Senate, having been defeated during the elections. While the APC will have a simple majority of votes in the Senate, it will not have a supermajority (74 votes), meaning it cannot push through constitutional amendments on its own. Three Senate seats have yet to be filled.[53]

PartySeats+/–
All Progressives Congress63+3
People's Democratic Party45–4
Young Progressives Party1New
Total1090
Source: INEC, INEC, Order Paper

House of Representatives

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Main article: 2019 Nigerian House of Representatives election
PartySeats+/–
All Progressives Congress202–10
People's Democratic Party128–12
All Progressives Grand Alliance9+4
African Democratic Congress3+4
Action Alliance2New
People's Redemption Party2+2
Action Democratic Party1New
Allied Peoples Movement1New
Labour Party10
Social Democratic Party10
Vacant10+10
Total3600
Source: INEC, Order Paper

Governors

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Main article: 2019 Nigerian gubernatorial elections

On 2 March 2019, elections were held for governors of 29 of the 36 states of Nigeria. Elections were suspended on the original date in Rivers State. They were later held on April 3, where the INEC declared that incumbent Wike won re-election.[54][55]

PartySeats
All Progressives Congress16
People's Democratic Party15
No election held5
Total36
Source: INEC

Notes

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  1. ^ Comprising the states of Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, and Plateau in addition to the Federal Capital Territory.
  2. ^ Comprising the states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe.
  3. ^ Comprising the states of Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara.
  4. ^ Comprising the states of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo.
  5. ^ Comprising the states of Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, and Rivers.
  6. ^ Comprising the states of Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo.

References

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  1. ^ Muhumuza, Cara Anna; Muhumuza, Rodney. "Some polling units still open in Nigeria, a day after voting". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  2. ^ Kazeem, Yomi (16 February 2019). "Nigeria has postponed its presidential elections". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  3. ^ INEC fixes date for 2019 presidential election The Guardian, 9 March 2017
  4. ^ INEC announces dates for 2019 general elections Premium Times, 9 March 2017
  5. ^ "Politics of election postponement and matters arising". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  6. ^ Ityokura, Msugh. "INEC postpones elections in Lagos, rivers and Anambra states". guardian.ng. Guardian Newspapers. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  7. ^ Nnamdi, Onyirioha (1 March 2019). "Just in: INEC to conduct supplementary elections". Legit.ng. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  8. ^ "Checked: Two claims about the 'astronomical' cost of Nigeria's election". Africa Check. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  9. ^ Krishi, Musa Abdullahi; Ozibo, Ozibo (16 August 2018). "Why 2019 elections will be Nigeria's most expensive – INEC". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  10. ^ Abdallah, Nuruddeen M. (3 August 2018). "2019 elections set to be Nigeria's most expensive". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  11. ^ "Breaking: INEC gives Buhari, Osinbajo certificates of return". Vanguard News Nigeria. 27 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  12. ^ "INEC Presents Certificates Of Return To Buhari, Osinbajo". Sahara Reporters. 27 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  13. ^ "BREAKING: Buhari declares June 12 Democracy Day to honour Abiola". Premium Times Nigeria. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  14. ^ Federal Republic of Nigeria: Election for President IFES
  15. ^ About the Senate National Assembly
  16. ^ Electoral system IPU
  17. ^ "PDP Presidential Primaries last-minute intrigues". Vanguard News Nigeria. 7 October 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  18. ^ "PDP presidential primary results". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  19. ^ "Aisha Buhari condemns APC primaries". Premium Times. 7 October 2018.
  20. ^ 35-year-old declares to take Buhari's job in 2019 Pulse.ng
  21. ^ I will run for Presidency - Ex-Cross River governor, Donald Duke Daily Post
  22. ^ 2019 Presidency: Is Fela Durotoye overreaching himself? Vanguard, 3 March 2018
  23. ^ Nigeria election: Oby Ezekwesili to stand for president BBC News, 8 October 2018
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