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List of ant genera

(Redirected from List of ant genera (alphabetical))

Ants (family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera) are the most species-rich of all social insects, with more than 12,000 described species and many others awaiting description.[1] Formicidae is divided into 21 subfamilies, of which 17 are extant and four subfamilies are extinct, described from fossils. In total more than 300 genera have been described.[2] Ants have come to occupy virtually all major terrestrial habitats, with the exception of tundra and cold ever-wet forests. They display a wide range of social behaviors, foraging habits and associations with other organisms, which has generated scientific and public interest.[1]

The following is a list of worldwide ant genera organised by subfamily.

Key

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Genus nameThe scientific name of the genus.
Binomial authorityThe binomial authority—the person who first described the species using an available scientific name.
ClassifiedThe year the genus was formally described and classified.
No. of speciesThe number of species, both extant and extinct, that are members of the genus.
Type speciesThe type species that was designated by the original author, unless noted otherwise. Extinct taxa are indicated by a †.
Example imageAn image (if available) of a species who is a member of the genus.
ReferencesMost citations provided are the first publications that describe the genus; additional citations are added if the original source does not contain all provided information.

Subfamilies

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Agroecomyrmecinae

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The subfamily Agroecomyrmecinae represents two extinct genera and two fossil genera, once widespread in both hemispheres during the early Tertiary.[3][4] The subfamily was originally classified as Agroecomyrmecini, a Myrmicinae tribe until English myrmecologist Barry Bolton raised the tribe to subfamily status in 2003.[5][6] Most specimens collected are from Central America and Mexico, although one type specimen of an Agroecomyrmecinae species was collected from Ghana.[7]

Agroecomyrmecinae Carpenter, 1930
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)

†Agroecomyrmex

Wheeler

1910

1

†Myrmica duisburgi

†Agroecomyrmex duisburgi

[8][9]

Ankylomyrma

Bolton

1973

1

Ankylomyrma coronacantha

Ankylomyrma coronacantha

[10]

†Eulithomyrmex

Carpenter

1935

2

†Lithomyrmex rugosus

†Eulithomyrmex rugosus

[11]

Tatuidris

Brown & Kempf

1968

1

Tatuidris tatusia

Tatuidris tatusia

[4]

Amblyoponinae

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The subfamily Amblyoponinae represents nine extant genera and one fossil genus. Established by Swiss myrmecologist Auguste Forel in 1893, these ants are specialist predators, distributed worldwide in the tropics.[12][13][14]

Subfamily Amblyoponinae Forel, 1893 – 10 genera, 146 species[15]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
AdetomyrmaWard19949Adetomyrma venatrix
Adetomyrma venatrix		[16]
AmblyoponeErichson184210Amblyopone australis
Amblyopone australis		[17]
†CasaleiaPagliano & Scaramozzino19904†Protamblyopone inversa
†Casaleia eocenica		[18]
FulakoraMann191925Stigmatomma celata
Fulakora celata		[19][20]
MyopoponeRoger18612Myopopone maculata
Myopopone castanea		[21][22]
MystriumRoger186214Mystrium mysticum
Mystrium mysticum		[23]
OnychomyrmexEmery18954Onychomyrmex hedleyi
Onychomyrmex hedleyi		[24]
PrionopeltaMayr186622Prionopelta punctulata
Prionopelta punctulata		[25]
StigmatommaRoger185954Stigmatomma denticulatum
Stigmatomma denticulatum		[26]
XymmerSantschi19141Stigmatomma muticum
Xymmer muticus		[27]

Aneuretinae

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The subfamily Aneuretinae represents one extant genus and eight fossil genera established by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1913. Only a single species of this subfamily is extant, the Sri Lankan relict ant (Aneuretus simoni), endemic to Sri Lanka.[28]

Subfamily Aneuretinae Emery, 1913 – nine genera, 12 species[29]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†AneuretellusDlussky19881†Aneuretellus deformis—[30]
AneuretusEmery18931Aneuretus simoni
Aneuretus simoni		[31]
†BritaneuretusDlussky & Perfilieva20141†Britaneuretus anglicus—[32]
†BurmomyrmaDlussky19961†Burmomyrma rossi
†Burmomyrma rossi		[33]
†CananeuretusEngel & Grimaldi20051†Cananeuretus occidentalis—[34]
†MianeuretusCarpenter19302†Mianeuretus mirabilis
†Mianeuretus mirabilis		[5]
†ParaneuretusWheeler19153†Paraneuretus tornquisti
†Paraneuretus tornquisti		[9]
†PityomyrmexWheeler19151†Pityomyrmex tornquisti
†Pityomyrmex tornquisti		[9]
†ProtaneuretusWheeler19151†Protaneuretus succineus
†Protaneuretus succineus		[9]

Apomyrminae

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The subfamily Apomyrminae contains the single genus Apomyrma which only has one species, the rare subterranean ant Apomyrma stygia from West Africa. Several undescribed species are known to exist, all from tropical Africa.[35]

Subfamily Apomyrminae Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988 – one genus, one species[36]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
ApomyrmaBrown, Gotwald & Levieux19701Apomyrma stygia
Apomyrma stygia		[37]

Brownimeciinae

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The subfamily Brownimeciinae contains the single genus Brownimecia which only has one species, Brownimecia clavata. It was described in 1997 after a fossilised specimen was collected from Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and was initially placed in the subfamily Ponerinae.[38] The species was later classified into its own subfamily in 2003 by Barry Bolton.[6]

Subfamily †Brownimeciinae Bolton, 2003 – one genus, one species[39]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†BrownimeciaGrimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter19971†Brownimecia clavata
†Brownimecia clavata		[38]

Dolichoderinae

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The subfamily Dolichoderinae was established by Forel in 1878, which represents 28 extant genera and 20 fossil genera. The subfamily presents a great diversity of species throughout the world, mainly in the tropics. Most species are generalised scavengers, but some are predacious.[40][41]

Subfamily Dolichoderinae Forel, 1878 – 48 genera, 843 species[42]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†AlloiommaZhang19892†Alloiomma changweiensis—[43]
AnillidrisSantschi19361Anillidris bruchi
Anillidris bruchi		[44]
AnonychomyrmaDonisthorpe194726Anonychomyrma myrmex
Anonychomyrma gilberti		[45]
AptinomaFisher20092Aptinoma mangabe
Aptinoma mangabe		[46]
ArnoldiusDubovikoff20053Bothriomyrmex flavus
Arnoldius flavus		[47]
†AsymphylomyrmexWheeler19151†Asymphylomyrmex balticus
†Asymphylomyrmex balticus		[9]
AxinidrisWeber194121Axinidris acholli
Axinidris acholli		[48]
AztecaForel187886Liometopum xanthochroum
Azteca xanthochroum		[49]
BothriomyrmexEmery186924Bothriomyrmex costae
Bothriomyrmex costae		[50]
†ChronomyrmexMcKellar, Glasier & Engel20131†Chronomyrmex medicinehatensis
†Chronomyrmex medicinehatensis		[51]
ChronoxenusSantschi19196Bothriomyrmex myops
Chronoxenus myops		[52]
†CtenobethylusBrues19391†Ctenobethylus succinalis
†Ctenobethylus goepperti		[53]
DoleromyrmaForel19072Tapinoma darwinianum
Doleromyrma darwiniana 		[54]
DolichoderusLund1831181Formica attelaboides
Dolichoderus attelaboides		[55]
DorymyrmexMayr186660Dorymyrmex flavescens
Dorymyrmex flavescens		[25]
EcphorellaForel19091Tapinoma wellmani
Ecphorella wellmani		[56]
†ElaeomyrmexCarpenter19302†Elaeomyrmex gracilis
†Elaeomyrmex gracilis		[5]
†ElaphroditesZhang19892†Elaphrodites scutulatus—[43]
†EldermyrmexHeterick & Shattuck20111†Iridomyrmex oblongiceps
†Eldermyrmex oblongiceps		[57]
†EmplastusDonisthorpe192012†Emplastus emeryi
†Emplastus britannicus		[58]
†EotapinomaDlussky19883†Eotapinoma gracilis—[30]
†EurymyrmexZhang, Sun & Zhang19941†Eurymyrmex geologicus—[59]
ForeliusEmery188818Iridomyrmex mccooki
Forelius mccooki		[60]
FroggattellaForel19022Acantholepis kirbii
Froggattella kirbii		[61]
GracilidrisWild & Cuezzo20062Gracilidris pombero
Gracilidris pombero		[62]
IridomyrmexMayr186284Formica detecta
Iridomyrmex purpureus		[22][63]
†KotshkorkiaDlussky19811†Kotshkorkia laticeps—[64]
†KtunaxiaLapolla & Greenwalt20151†Ktunaxia jucunda
†Ktunaxia jucunda		[65]
LeptomyrmexMayr186229Formica erythrocephala
Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus		[63]
†LeptomyrmulaEmery19131†Leptomyrmula maravignae
†Leptomyrmula maravignae		[66]
LinepithemaMayr186620Linepithema fuscum
Linepithema fuscum		[25]
LiometopumMayr186128Liometopum microcephalum
Liometopum microcephalum		[67]
LoweriellaShattuck19921Loweriella boltoni
Loweriella boltoni		[68]
†MiomyrmexCarpenter19302†Miomyrmex impactus
†Miomyrmex impactus		[5]
NebothriomyrmexDubovikov20041Nebothriomyrmex majeri
Nebothriomyrmex majeri		[69]
OchetellusShattuck19927Ochetellus glaber
Ochetellus glaber		[70]
PapyriusShattuck19922Papyrius nitidus
Papyrius nitidus		[70]
†PetraeomyrmexCarpenter19301†Petraeomyrmex minimus
†Petraeomyrmex minimus		[5]
PhilidrisShattuck19929Philidris cordata
Philidris cordata		[70]
†ProiridomyrmexDlussky & Rasnitsyn20032†Proiridomyrmex vetulus
†Proiridomyrmex rotundatus		[65]
†ProtaztecaCarpenter19305†Protazteca elongata
†Protazteca elongata		[5]
RavavyFisher20091Ravavy miafina
Ravavy miafina		[46]
TapinomaFörster185074Tapinoma erraticum
Tapinoma erraticum		[71]
TechnomyrmexMayr187297Technomyrmex strenuus
Technomyrmex strenuus		[72]
TurneriaForel18958Turneria bidentata
Turneria bidentata		[73]
†UsomyrmaDlussky et al.20141†Usomyrma mirabilis
†Usomyrma mirabilis		[74]
†YantaromyrmexDlussky & Dubovikoff20135†Yantaromyrmex geinitzi
†Yantaromyrmex geinitzi		[75]
†ZherichiniusDlussky19882†Zherichinius horribilis
†Zherichinius horribilis		[30]

Dorylinae

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The subfamily Dorylinae was established by Leach in 1815, which represents 27 extant genera and one fossil genus. Many species of ant in this subfamily are known as army ants that are distributed in the Old World and New World.[76][77]

Subfamily Dorylinae Leach, 1815 – 28 genera, 693 species[77][78]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
AcanthostichusMayr188724Acanthostichus serratulus
Acanthostichus serratulus		[79]
AenictogitonEmery19017Aenictogiton fossiceps
Aenictogiton fossiceps		[80]
AenictusShuckard1840184Aenictus ambiguus
Aenictus ambiguus		[81]
CerapachysSmith18575Cerapachys antennatus
Cerapachys antennatus		[22][82]
CheliomyrmexMayr18704Cheliomyrmex morosus
Cheliomyrmex morosus		[83]
ChrysapaceCrawley19243[a]Chrysapace jacobsonii
Chrysapace jacobsonii		[84]
CylindromyrmexMayr187013Cylindromyrmex striatus
Cylindromyrmex striatus		[83]
DorylusFabricius179360Dorylus helvolus
Dorylus helvolus		[85]
EburoponeBorowiec20161Cerapachys wroughtoni
Eburopone wroughtoni		[77]
EcitonLatreille180412Eciton hamatum
Eciton hamatum		[86][87]
EusphinctusEmery18932Eusphinctus furcatus
Eusphinctus furcatus		[31]
LabidusJurine18077Labidus coecus
Labidus coecus		[88]
LeptanilloidesMann192319Leptanilloides biconstricta
Leptanilloides biconstricta		[89]
LioponeraMayr187973Lioponera longitarsus
Lioponera longitarsus		[90]
LividoponeBolton & Fisher20161Cerapachys lividus
Lividopone livida		[91]
NeivamyrmexBorgmeier1940128Neivamyrmex nigrescens
Neivamyrmex nigrescens		[92]
NeocerapachysBorowiec20162Cerapachys neotropicus
Neocerapachys neotropicus		[77]
NomamyrmexBorgmeier19362Nomamyrmex esenbeckii
Nomamyrmex esenbeckii		[93]
OoceraeaRoger186211Ooceraea fragosa
Ooceraea fragosa		[23]
ParasysciaEmery, in André188250Parasyscia piochardi
Parasyscia piochardi		[94]
†ProcerapachysWheeler19153†Procerapachys annosus
†Procerapachys annosus		[9]
SimoponeForel189139Simopone grandidieri
Simopone grandidieri		[95]
SphinctomyrmexMayr18663Sphinctomyrmex stali
Sphinctomyrmex stali		[96]
SysciaRoger18615Syscia typhla
Syscia typhla		[21]
TaniponeBolton & Fisher201210Tanipone hirsuta
Tanipone hirsuta		[97]
VicinoponeBolton & Fisher20121Vicinopone conciliatrix
Vicinopone conciliatrix		[97]
YunodorylusXu20004Yunodorylus sexspinus
Yunodorylus sexspinus		[98]
ZasphinctusWheeler191820Sphinctomyrmex turneri
Zasphinctus turneri		[99]

Ectatomminae

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The subfamily Ectatomminae represents four extant genera and three fossil genera, established in 1895 by Carlo Emery. They are distributed in tropical and warm climates in the New World and Old World, as well as the Indo-Australian regions.[41]

Subfamily Ectatomminae Emery, 1895 – seven genera, 278 species[100]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†CanaponeDlussky19991†Canapone dentata—[101]
EctatommaSmith185816Ectatomma tuberculatum
Ectatomma tuberculatum		[22][102]
†ElectroponeraWheeler19151†Electroponera dubia
†Electroponera dubia		[9]
GnamptogenysRoger1863143Gnamptogenys sulcata
Gnamptogenys sulcata		[103][104]
†PseudectatommaDlussky & Wedman20122†Pseudectatomma eocenica
†Pseudectatomma eocenica		[13]
RhytidoponeraMayr1862108Rhytidoponera araneoides
Rhytidoponera araneoides		[63][104]
TyphlomyrmexMayr18627Scyphodon anomalum
Scyphodon anomalum		[63]

Formiciinae

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The subfamily Formiciinae represents one extinct genus of ants dating back to the Eocene.[b] Ants of the genus Titanomyrma are the largest ants ever known, with queen specimens the size of small hummingbirds. Fossils have been collected from the state of Wyoming and in Germany.[106][107]

Subfamily †Formiciinae Lutz, 1986 – one, six species[108]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Formicium[b]Westwood18543None[c]—[109]
†TitanomyrmaArchibald, Johnson, Mathewes & Greenwood20113†Titanomyrma gigantea
†Titanomyrma gigantea		[106]

Formicinae

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The subfamily Formicinae represents 51 extant genera and 30 fossil genera that are globally distributed. Established by French zoologist Pierre André Latreille in 1809, the subfamily has more than 3,000 described species, placing it as the second largest ant subfamily. Despite this, the hyperdiverse genus Camponotus is the most diverse group of ants in the world, with more than 1,100 species described.[41][110]

Subfamily Formicinae Latreille, 1809 – 82 genera, 3,243 species[111]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
AcropygaRoger186241Acropyga acutiventris
Acropyga acutiventris		[23]
AgraulomyrmexPrins19832Agraulomyrmex meridionalis
Agraulomyrmex meridionalis		[112]
AlloformicaDlussky19694Alloformica aberrans
Alloformica aberrans		[113]
AnoplolepisSantschi19149Anoplolepis gracilipes
Anoplolepis gracilipes		[114]
AphomomyrmexEmery18991Aphomomyrmex afer
Aphomomyrmex afer		[115]
†AttopsisHeer18501†Attopsis longipennis
Attopsis longipennis		[116]
BajcaridrisAgosti19943Bajcaridris theryi
Bajcaridris theryi		[117]
BrachymyrmexMayr186844Brachymyrmex patagonicus
Brachymyrmex patagonicus		[118]
BregmatomyrmaWheeler19291Bregmatomyrma carnosa
Bregmatomyrma carnosa		[119]
CalomyrmexEmery18959Calomyrmex laevissimus
Calomyrmex laevissimus		[120]
†CamponotitesSteinbach19675†Camponotites silvestris
†Camponotites silvestris		[121]
CamponotusMayr18611131Camponotus ligniperda
Camponotus ligniperda		[22][67]
CataglyphisFörster185091Cataglyphis bicolor
Cataglyphis bicolor		[122]
†CataglyphoidesDlussky20082†Cataglyphoides constrictus
†Cataglyphoides constrictus		[123]
†ChimaeromyrmaDlussky19881†Chimaeromyrma brachycephala—[30]
CladomyrmaWheeler192013Cladomyrma hewitti
Cladomyrma hewitti		[124]
†ConoformicaDlussky20081†Conoformica bitterfeldiana—[123]
†CurtipalpulusHong20021†Curtipalpulus eocenicus—[125]
DinomyrmexAshmead19051Formica gigas—[126]
†DrymomyrmexWheeler19152†Drymomyrmex fuscipennis
†Drymomyrmex fuscipennis		[9]
EchinoplaSmith185733Echinopla melanarctos
Echinopla melanarctos		[82][127]
†EoleptoceritesHong20022†Eoleptocerites chinensis—[125]
EuprenolepisEmery19068Euprenolepis procera
Euprenolepis procera		[128]
†EurytarsitesHong20021†Eurytarsites fushunensisa—[125]
FormicaLinnaeus1758234Formica rufa
Formica rufa		[129]
†FushuniformicaHong20021†Fushuniformica spinata—[125]
GesomyrmexMayr186817†Gesomyrmex hoernesi
†Gesomyrmex hoernesi		[130]
GigantiopsRoger18631Gigantiops destructor
Gigantiops destructor		[131]
†GlaphyromyrmexWheeler19151†Glaphyromyrmex oligocenicus
†Glaphyromyrmex oligocenicus		[9]
†HeeridrisDlussky & Putyatina20141†Heeridris croaticus—[132]
†HuaxiaformicaHong20021†Huaxiaformica mallepetiolata—[125]
IberoformicaTinaut19902Iberoformica subrufa
Iberoformica subrufa		[133]
†ImhoffiaHeer18502†Imhoffia nigra—[116]
†KyromyrmaGrimaldi & Agosti20001†Kyromyrma neffi
†Kyromyrma neffi		[134]
LasiophanesEmery18956Lasiophanes atriventris
Lasiophanes atriventris		[135]
LasiusFabricius1804134†Formica nigra
†Formica nigra		[136]
LepisiotaSantschi192681Lepisiota rothneyi
Lepisiota rothneyi		[137]
†LeptogasteritusHong20021†Leptogasteritus capricornutes—[125]
†LeucotaphusDonisthorpe19202†Leucotaphus gurnetensiss
†Leucotaphus gurnetensiss		[58]
†LiaoformicaHong20021†Liaoformica longipetiolata—[125]
†LongiformicaHong20022†Longiformica dongzhouheensis—[125]
†MagnogasteritesHong20021†Magnogasterites curticornutus—[125]
MelophorusLubbock188323Melophorus bagoti
Melophorus bagoti		[138]
MyrmecocystusWesmael183829Myrmecocystus mexicanus
Myrmecocystus mexicanus		[139]
MyrmecorhynchusAndré18963Myrmecorhynchus emeryi
Myrmecorhynchus emeryi		[140]
MyrmelachistaRoger186356Myrmelachista kraatzii
Myrmelachista kraatzii		[103]
MyrmoterasForel189341Myrmoteras binghamii
Myrmoteras binghamii		[141]
NotoncusEmery18956Notoncus ectatommoide
Notoncus ectatommoide		[24]
NotostigmaEmery19202Notostigma carazzii
Notostigma carazzii		[142]
NylanderiaEmery1906110Nylanderia vividula
Nylanderia vividula		[128]
OecophyllaSmith186015Oecophylla smaragdina
Oecophylla smaragdina		[143]
OpisthopsisDalla Torre189313Myrmecopsis respiciens
Opisthopsis respiciens
†OrbicapitiaHong20021†Orbicapitia reticulata—[125]
†OvalicapitoHong20021†Ovalicapito fushunensis—[125]
†OvaligastrulaHong20021†Ovaligastrula xilutianensis—[125]
OverbeckiaViehmeyer19161Overbeckia subclavata
Overbeckia subclavata		[144]
ParaparatrechinaDonisthorpe194736Paratrechina pallida
Paraparatrechina pallida		[145]
ParatrechinaMotschoulsky18635Paratrechina currens
Paratrechina longicornis		[127][146]
PetalomyrmexSnelling19791Petalomyrmex phylax
Petalomyrmex phylax		[147]
PlagiolepisMayr186172Formica pygmaea
Plagiolepis pygmaea		[67]
PolyergusLatreille180414Formica rufescens
Polyergus rufescens		[86]
PolyrhachisSmith1857698Formica bihamata
Polyrhachis bihamata		[82]
PrenolepisMayr186117Tapinoma nitens
Prenolepis nitens		[22][67]
†ProdimorphomyrmexWheeler19151†Prodimorphomyrmex primigenius
†Prodimorphomyrmex primigenius		[9]
ProformicaRuzsky190225Formica nasuta
Proformica nasuta		[148]
ProlasiusForel189219Formica advena
Prolasius advena		[149]
†ProtoformicaDlussky19671†Formica proformicoides—[150]
†ProtrechinaWilson19851†Protrechina carpenteri
†Protrechina carpenteri		[151]
†PseudocamponotusCarpenter19301†Pseudocamponotus elkoanus
†Pseudocamponotus elkoanus		[5]
PseudolasiusEmery188750Formica familiaris
Pseudolasius familiaris		[22][152]
PseudonotoncusClark19342Pseudonotoncus hirsutus
Pseudonotoncus hirsutus		[153]
RossomyrmexArnol'di19284Rossomyrmex proformicarum
Rossomyrmex proformicarum		[154]
SantschiellaForel19161Santschiella kohli
Santschiella kohli		[155]
†SicilomyrmexWheeler19151†Gesomyrmex corniger
†Sicilomyrmex corniger		[9]
†SinoformicaHong20021†Sinoformica longicapitata—[125]
†SinotenuicapitoHong20021†Sinotenuicapito badis—[125]
StigmacrosForel190549Acantholepis froggatti
Stigmacros froggatti		[156]
TapinolepisEmery192514Plagiolepis tumidula
Tapinolepis tumidula		[157]
TeratomyrmexMcAreavey19573Teratomyrmex greavesi
Teratomyrmex greavesi		[158]
†WilsoniaHong20022†Wilsonia megagastrosa—[125]
ZataniaLaPolla, Kallal & Brady20126Paratrechina cisipa
Zatania albimaculata		[159]

Haidomyrmecinae

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The subfamily Haidomyrmecinae contains 9 fossil genera of specialized ants described from Cretaceous ambers. The Subfamily was previously treated as the tribe Haidomyrmecini and placed within Sphecomyrminae. The tribe was elevated to a subfamily in 2020.[160]

Haidomyrmecinae Bolton, 2003
Genus nameGenus authorityDescribedNo. of speciesType speciesImageRef(s)

†Aquilomyrmex

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Aquilomyrmex huangi

Aquilomyrmex huangi

[160]

†Ceratomyrmex

Perrichot, Wang & Engel

2016

1

†Ceratomyrmex ellenbergeri

†Ceratomyrmex ellenbergeri

[161]

†Chonidris

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Chonidris insolita

[160]

†Dhagnathos

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Dhagnathos autokrator

[160]

†Haidomyrmex

Dlussky

1996

3

†Haidomyrmex cerberus

†Haidomyrmex cerberus

[33]

†Haidomyrmodes

Perrichot et al.

2008

1

†Haidomyrmodes mammuthus

†Haidomyrmodes mammuthus

[162]

†Haidoterminus

McKellar, Glasier & Engel

2013

1

†Haidoterminus cippus

†Haidoterminus cippus

[163]

†Linguamyrmex

Barden & Grimaldi

2017

3

†Linguamyrmex vladi

†Linguamyrmex vladi

[160]

†Protoceratomyrmex

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Protoceratomyrmex revelatus

[160]

Heteroponerinae

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The subfamily Heteroponerinae represents three extant genera of ants, established in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the subfamily Ponerinae into six subfamilies.[41] These ants are known from the Neotropics of Central America and South America while Aulacopone relicta is from Azerbaijan.[164]

Subfamily Heteroponerinae Bolton, 2003 – three genera, 33 species[165]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
AcanthoponeraMayr18624Acanthoponera mucronata
Acanthoponera mucronata		[63]
AulacoponeArnol'di19301Aulacopone relicta
Aulacopone relicta		[166]
HeteroponeraMayr188728Heteroponera carinifrons
Heteroponera carinifrons		[79]

Leptanillinae

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The subfamily Leptanillinae represents nine extant genera of ants, established in 1910 by Carlo Emery. They are subterranean ants from Africa, Europe and a single species known from Australia. Studies about their biology is minimal.[167][168]

Subfamily Leptanillinae Emery, 1910 – nine genera, 64 species[169]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
AnomalomyrmaBolton19903Anomalomyrma taylori
Anomalomyrma taylori		[170]
FurcotanillaXu20121Furcotanilla furcomandibula—[171]
LeptanillaEmery187045Leptanilla revelierii
Leptanilla revelierii		[172]
NoonillaPetersen19681Noonilla copiosa
Noonilla copiosa		[173]
OpamyrmaYamane, Bui & Eguchi20081Opamyrma hungvuong
Opamyrma hungvuong		[174]
PhaulomyrmaWheeler & Wheeler19301Phaulomyrma javana
Phaulomyrma javana		[175]
ProtanillaTaylor19909Protanilla rafflesi
Protanilla rafflesi		[170]
ScyphodonBrues19251Scyphodon anomalum
Scyphodon anomalum		[176]
YavnellaKugler19872Yavnella argamani
Yavnella argamani		[177]

Martialinae

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The subfamily Martialinae contains the single genus Martialis which only has one species, Martialis heureka. The ant was discovered in 2000 Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. Described in 2008, the ant belongs to the oldest known distinct lineage to have diverged from the ancestors of all other ants.[178]

Subfamily Martialinae Rabeling & Verhaagh, 2008 – one genus, one species[179]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
MartialisRabeling & Verhaagh20081Martialis heureka
Martialis heureka		[178]

Myrmeciinae

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The subfamily Myrmeciinae represents two extant genera and five fossil genera that were once found worldwide.[d] Established by Carlo Emery in 1877, the extant genera are restricted to Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand.[181] The notorious ant genus Myrmecia is known for their venomous stings and aggression, which has caused several human deaths in sensitive people.

Subfamily Myrmeciinae Emery, 1877 – seven genera, 111 species[182]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†ArchimyrmexCockerell19234†Archimyrmex rostratus
†Archimyrmex rostratus		[183]
†AvitomyrmexArchibald, Cover & Moreau20063†Avitomyrmex mastax—[184]
†MacabeemyrmaArchibald, Cover & Moreau20061†Macabeemyrma ovata
†Macabeemyrma ovata		[184]
MyrmeciaFabricius180495Myrmecia gulosa
Myrmecia gulosa		[87][136]
†Myrmeciites[d]Archibald, Cover & Moreau20060None[c]
†Myrmeciites "incertae sedis"		[184]
NothomyrmeciaClark19341Nothomyrmecia macrops
Nothomyrmecia macrops		[185]
†PrionomyrmexMayr18683†Prionomyrmex longiceps
†Prionomyrmex longiceps		[130]
†YpresiomyrmaArchibald, Cover & Moreau20064†Ypresiomyrma orbiculata
†Ypresiomyrma orbiculata		[184]

Myrmicinae

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The subfamily Myrmicinae was established by Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1835. It represents 142 extant genera and 36 fossil genera that are distributed globally. It is the largest subfamily of the Formicidae, with more than 6,758 species described. The seed-harvesting ants and fungus-growing ants are well known among the Myrmicines.[41][186]

Subfamily Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 – 178 genera, 6,758 species[186]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
AcanthognathusMayr18878Acanthognathus ocellatus
Acanthognathus ocellatus		[79]
AcanthomyrmexEmery189317Acanthomyrmex luciolae
Acanthomyrmex concavus		[31]
AcromyrmexMayr186532Formica hystrix
Acromyrmex balzani		[187]
AdelomyrmexEmery189730Adelomyrmex biroi
Adelomyrmex biroi		[188]
AdlerziaForel19021Monomorium froggatti
Adlerzia froggatti		[61]
†AfromyrmaDlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn20041†Afromyrma petrosa—[189]
†AgastomyrmaDlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva20151†Agastomyrma laticeps—[190]
AllomerusMayr18788Allomerus decemarticulatus
Allomerus decemarticulatus		[191]
AncyridrisWheeler19352Ancyridris polyrhachioides
Ancyridris polyrhachioides		[192]
AnillomyrmaEmery19132Monomorium decamerum
Anillomyrma decamera		[193]
AphaenogasterMayr1853204Aphaenogaster sardoa
Aphaenogaster swammerdami		[194]
ApterostigmaMayr186547Apterostigma pilosum
Apterostigma pilosum		[187]
AretidrisGeneral20152Aretidris buenaventei
Aretidris buenaventei		[195]
AtopomyrmexAndré18893Atopomyrmex mocquerysi
Atopomyrmex mocquerysi		[196]
AttaFabricius180417Formica cephalotes
Atta cephalotes		[136]
†AttaichnusLaza19821None—[197]
AustromoriumShattuck20092Xiphomyrmex flavigaster
Austromorium flavigaster		[198]
BaracidrisBolton19813Baracidris meketra
Baracidris sitra		[199]
BariamyrmaLattke19901Bariamyrma hispidula
Bariamyrma hispidula		[200]
BasicerosSchulz19068Meranoplus singularis
Basiceros manni		[201]
†BiamomyrmaDlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva20153†Biamomyrma zherikhini—[190]
†BilobomyrmaRadchenko & Dlussky20132†Bilobomyrma ukrainica—[202]
BlepharidattaWheeler19154Blepharidatta brasiliensis
Blepharidatta brasiliensis		[203]
†BoltonidrisRadchenko & Dlussky20121†Boltonidris mirabilis—[204]
BondroitiaForel19112Monomorium coecum
Bondroitia lujae		[205]
†BrachytarsitesHong20021†Brachytarsites dongzhouheensis—[125]
CalyptomyrmexEmery188737Calyptomyrmex beccarii
Calyptomyrmex beccarii		[152]
CardiocondylaEmery186970Cardiocondyla elegans
Cardiocondyla wroughtonii		[206]
CarebaraWestwood1840212Carebara lignata
Carebara longii		[207]
CataulacusSmith185368Cataulacus taprobanae
Cataulacus oberthueri		[208]
†CephalomyrmexCarpenter19301†Cephalomyrmex rotundatus
†Cephalomyrmex rotundatus		[5]
CephalotesLatreille1802135Formica atrata
Cephalotes atratus		[209]
ChimaeridrisWilson19892Chimaeridris boltoni
Chimaeridris boltoni		[210]
†ClavipetiolaHong20021†Clavipetiola asiatica—[125]
ColobostrumaWheeler192716Epopostruma leae
Colobostruma foliacea		[211]
CrematogasterLund1831496Formica scutellaris
Crematogaster scutellaris		[55]
CryptomyrmexFernández20042Adelomyrmex longinodus
Cryptomyrmex longinodus		[212]
CyattaSosa-Calvo et al.20131Cyatta abscondita
Cyatta abscondita		[213]
CyphoidrisWeber19524Cyphoidris spinosa
Cyphoidris spinosa		[214]
CyphomyrmexMayr186241Cyphomyrmex minutus
Cyphomyrmex minutus		[63]
DacatriaRigato19941Dacatria templaris
Dacatria templaris		[215]
DacetinopsBrown & Wilson19577Dacetinops cibdelus
Dacetinops cibdelus		[216]
DacetonPerty18332Formica armigera
Daceton armigerum		[217]
DiaphoromyrmaFernández, Delabie & Nascimento20091Diaphoromyrma sofiae
Diaphoromyrma sofiae		[218]
DicroaspisEmery19082Dicroaspis cryptocera
Dicroaspis cryptocera		[219]
DilobocondylaSantschi191019Atopomyrmex selebensis
Dilobocondyla fouqueti		[220]
DiplomoriumMayr19011Diplomorium longipenne
Diplomorium longipenne		[221]
DolopomyrmexCover & Deyrup20071Dolopomyrmex pilatus
Dolopomyrmex pilatus		[222]
†ElectromyrmexWheeler19101†Electromyrmex klebsi
†Electromyrmex klebsi		[223]
†EnneamerusMayr18681†Enneamerus reticulatus
†Enneamerus reticulatus		[130]
†EocenidrisWilson19851†Eocenidris crassa
†Eocenidris crassa		[151]
†EocenomyrmaDlussky & Radchenko20064†Eocenomyrma orthospina
†Eocenomyrma orthospina		[224]
†EomyrmexHong19741†Eomyrmex guchengziensis—[225]
EpelysidrisBolton19871Epelysidris brocha
Epelysidris brocha		[226]
EpopostrumaForel189519Strumigenys quadrispinosa
Epopostruma natalae		[73]
EurhopalothrixBrown & Kempf196153Rhopalothrix bolaui
Eurhopalothrix bolaui		[227]
EutetramoriumEmery18993Eutetramorium mocquerysi
Eutetramorium mocquerysi		[228]
†FallomyrmaDlussky & Radchenko20061†Fallomyrma transversa—[229]
FormicoxenusMayr18557Myrmica nitidula
Formicoxenus nitidulus		[230]
FormosimyrmaTerayama20091Formosimyrma lanuyensis
Formosimyrma lanuyensis		[231]
†FushunomyrmexHong20021†Fushunomyrmex liaoningensis—[125]
GaoligongidrisXu20121Gaoligongidris planodorsa—[232]
GauromyrmexMenozzi19332Gauromyrmex bengakalisi
Gauromyrmex bengakalisi		[233]
GoniommaEmery18958Aphaenogaster blanci
Goniomma collingwoodi		[234]
HarpagoxenusForel18933Myrmica sublaevis
Harpagoxenus sublaevis		[235]
HuberiaForel18902Tetramorium striatum
Huberia striata		[236]
HylomyrmaForel191213Pogonomyrmex columbicus
Hylomyrma balzani		[237]
†HypopomyrmexEmery18911†Hypopomyrmex bombiccii
†Hypopomyrmex bombiccii		[238]
†IlemomyrmexWilson19851†Ilemomyrmex caecus
†Ilemomyrmex caecus		[239]
IndomyrmaBrown19862Indomyrma dasypyx
Indomyrma dasypyx		[240]
IshakidrisBolton19841Ishakidris ascitaspis
Ishakidris ascitaspis		[241]
KalathomyrmexKlingenberg & Brandão20091Myrmicocrypta emeryi
Kalathomyrmex emeryi		[242]
KartidrisBolton19916Kartidris nyos
Kartidris nyos		[243]
KempfidrisFernández, Feitosa & Lattke20141Monomorium inusuale
Kempfidris inusualis		[244]
LachnomyrmexWheeler191016Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus
Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus		[8]
LasiomyrmaTerayama & Yamane20004Lasiomyrma gedensis
Lasiomyrma gedensis		[245]
LenomyrmexFernández & Palacio19996Lenomyrmex mandibularis
Lenomyrmex colwelli		[246]
LeptothoraxMayr185519Formica acervorum
Leptothorax acervorum		[230]
LiomyrmexMayr18651Myrmica caeca
Liomyrmex gestroi		[187]
†LonchomyrmexMayr18672†Lonchomyrmex freyeri—[247]
LophomyrmexEmery189213Oecodoma quadrispinosa
Lophomyrmex longicornis		[248]
LordomyrmaEmery189734Lordomyrma furcifera
Lordomyrma furcifera		[188]
MalagidrisBolton & Fisher20146Aphaenogaster belti
Malagidris belti		[249]
ManicaJurine18076Formica rubida
Manica rubida		[88]
MayriellaForel19029Mayriella abstinens
Mayriella abstinens		[61]
MegalomyrmexForel188544Megalomyrmex leoninus
Megalomyrmex leoninus		[250]
MelissotarsusEmery18774Melissotarsus beccarii
Melissotarsus beccarii		[251]
MeranoplusSmith185390Cryptocerus bicolor
Meranoplus bicolor		[208]
MesostrumaBrown19489Strumigenys turneri
Mesostruma turneri		[252]
MessorForel1890110Formica barbara
Messor barbarus		[253]
MetaponeForel191118Metapone greeni
Metapone emersoni		[254]
MicrodacetonSantschi19134Microdaceton exornatum
Microdaceton exornatum		[255]
†MiosolenopsisZhang19891†Miosolenopsis fossilis—[43]
MonomoriumMayr1855372Monomorium monomorium
Monomorium pharaonis		[230]
MycetagroicusBrandão & Mayhé-Nunes20014Mycetagroicus cerradensis
Mycetagroicus cerradensis		[256]
MycetarotesEmery19134Cyphomyrmex parallelus
Mycetarotes parallelus		[193]
MycetophylaxEmery19133Myrmicocrypta brittoni
Mycetophylax conformis		[193]
MycetosoritisWheeler19075Atta hartmanni
Mycetosoritis hartmanni		[257]
MycocepurusForel18936Atta smithii
Mycocepurus smithii		[258]
MyrmecinaCurtis182951Myrmecina latreillii
Myrmecina graminicola		[259]
†MyrmecitesDlussky & Rasnitsyn20036†Myrmecites rotundiceps—[260]
MyrmicaLatreille1804211Formica rubra
Myrmica rubra		[86]
MyrmicariaSaunders184232Myrmicaria brunnea
Myrmicaria brunnea		[261]
MyrmicocryptaSmith186027Myrmicocrypta squamosa
Myrmicocrypta squamosa		[262]
MyrmisarakaBolton & Fisher20142Myrmisaraka producta
Myrmisaraka producta		[249]
NesomyrmexWheeler191057Nesomyrmex clavipilis
Nesomyrmex angulatus		[8]
NovomessorEmery19153Aphaenogaster cockerelli
Novomessor cockerelli		[263]
OchetomyrmexMayr18782Ochetomyrmex semipolitus
Ochetomyrmex semipolitus		[191]
OctostrumaForel191234Rhopalothrix simoni
Octostruma iheringi		[264]
OcymyrmexEmery188637Ocymyrmex barbiger
Ocymyrmex dekerus		[265]
†OrbigastrulaHong20021†Orbigastrula guchengziensis—[125]
OrectognathusSmith185329Orectognathus antennatus
Orectognathus antennatus		[208]
OxyepoecusSantschi192621Oxyepoecus bruchi
Oxyepoecus bruchi		[266]
†OxyidrisWilson19851†Oxyidris antillana
†Oxyidris antillana		[239]
OxyopomyrmexAndré188112Oxyopomyrmex oculatus
Oxyopomyrmex oculatus		[267]
†ParameranoplusWheeler19151†Parameranoplus primaevus
†Parameranoplus primaevus		[9]
ParamycetophylaxKusnezov19561Sericomyrmex bruchi
Paramycetophylax bruchi		[268]
†ParaphaenogasterDlussky19814†Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus
†Paraphaenogaster hooleyana		[64]
ParatopulaWheeler191911Atopomyrmex ceylonicus
Paratopula macta		[269]
PatagonomyrmexJohnson & Moreau20163Pogonomyrmex angustus
Patagonomyrmex angustus		[270]
PerissomyrmexSmith19476Perissomyrmex snyderi
Perissomyrmex snyderi		[271]
PeronomyrmexViehmeyer19223Peronomyrmex overbecki
Peronomyrmex greavesi		[272]
PhalacromyrmexKempf19601Phalacromyrmex fugax
Phalacromyrmex fugax		[273]
PheidoleWestwood18391007Atta providens
Pheidole rhea		[274]
PilotrochusBrown19781Pilotrochus besmerus
Pilotrochus besmerus		[275]
†PlesiomyrmexDlussky & Radchenko20091†Plesiomyrmex tubulatus—[276]
PodomyrmaSmith185952Podomyrma femorata
Podomyrma minor		[277]
PoecilomyrmaMann19212Poecilomyrma senirewae
Poecilomyrma senirewae		[278]
PogonomyrmexMayr186869Formica badia
Camponotus badius		[118]
PristomyrmexMayr186660Pristomyrmex pungens
Pristomyrmex punctatus		[96]
ProattaForel19121Proatta butteli
Proatta butteli		[279]
ProcryptocerusEmery188745Meranoplus striatus
Procryptocerus hylaeus		[152]
PropodilobusBranstetter20091Stenamma orientale
Propodilobus orientale		[280]
ProtalaridrisBrown19801Protalaridris armata
Protalaridris armata		[281]
†ProtomyrmicaDlussky & Radchenko20091†Protomyrmica atavia
†Protomyrmica atavia		[276]
PseudoattaGallardo19161Pseudoatta argentina
Pseudoatta argentina		[282]
†QuadrulicapitoHong20021†Quadrulicapito longa—[125]
†QuineangulicapitoHong20021†Quineangulicapito fushunensis—[125]
RecurvidrisBolton199211None
Recurvidris recurvispinosa		[283]
RhopalomastixForel19006Rhopalomastix rothneyi
Rhopalomastix rothneyi		[284]
RhopalothrixMayr187016Rhopalothrix ciliata
Rhopalothrix ciliata		[285]
RogeriaEmery189440Rogeria curvipubens
Rogeria curvipubens		[286]
RomblonellaWheeler19359Romblonella grandinodis
Romblonella opaca		[192]
RostromyrmexRosciszewski19941Rostromyrmex pasohensis
Rostromyrmex pasohensis		[287]
RotastrumaBolton19912Rotastruma recava
Rotastruma recava		[243]
RoyidrisBolton & Fisher201415Monomorium robertsoni
Royidris robertsoni		[249]
SecostrumaBolton19881Secostruma lethifera
Secostruma lethifera		[288]
SericomyrmexMayr186519Sericomyrmex opacus
Sericomyrmex amabilis		[187]
†SinomyrmexHong20022†Sinomyrmex brunneus—[125]
SolenopsisWestwood1840205Solenopsis mandibularis
Solenopsis geminata		[207]
†SolenopsitesDlussky & Rasnitsyn20033†Solenopsites minutus
†Solenopsites rossi		[260]
†SphaerogasteritesHong20021†Sphaerogasterites longipetiolatus—[125]
StegomyrmexEmery19125Stegomyrmex connectens
Stegomyrmex vizottoi		[289]
StenammaWestwood183985Stenamma westwoodii
Stenamma westwoodii		[274]
StereomyrmexEmery19013Stereomyrmex horni
Stereomyrmex horni		[290]
†StigmomyrmexMayr18681†Stigmomyrmex venustus
†Stigmomyrmex venustus		[130]
†StiphromyrmexWheeler19151†Stiphromyrmex robustus
†Stiphromyrmex robustus		[9]
StrongylognathusMayr185324Eciton testaceum
Strongylognathus testaceus		[291][292]
StrumigenysSmith1860842Strumigenys mandibularis
Strumigenys abdera		[262]
SyllophopsisSantschi191520Monomorium modestum
Syllophopsis modesta		[293]
TalaridrisWeber19411Talaridris mandibularis
Talaridris mandibularis		[48]
TemnothoraxMayr1861395Myrmica recedens
Temnothorax unifasciatus		[67]
TeratanerEmery191212Atopomyrmex foreli
Terataner foreli		[289]
TetheamyrmaBolton19911Tetheamyrma subspongia
Tetheamyrma subspongia		[243]
TetramoriumMayr1855569Formica caespitum
Tetramorium caespitum		[230]
TrachymyrmexForel189348Atta septentrionalis
Trachymyrmex septentrionalis		[258]
TranopeltaMayr18662Tranopelta gilva
Tranopelta gilva		[25]
TrichomyrmexMayr186518Trichomyrmex rogeri
Trichomyrmex destructor		[187]
TropidomyrmexSilva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz20091Tropidomyrmex elianae
Tropidomyrmex elianae		[294]
TyrannomyrmexFernández20033Tyrannomyrmex rex
Tyrannomyrmex dux		[295]
VeromessorForel19179Aphaenogaster andrei
Veromessor andrei		[296]
VitsikaBolton & Fisher201414Vitsika crebra
Vitsika crebra		[249]
VollenhoviaMayr186562Vollenhovia punctatostriata
Vollenhovia emeryi		[187]
VombisidrisBolton199117Vombisidris philax
Vombisidris philax		[243]
WasmanniaForel189311Tetramorium auropunctatum
Wasmannia auropunctata		[297]
†WumyrmexHong20021†Wumyrmex furvis—[125]
XenomyrmexForel18854Xenomyrmex stollii
Xenomyrmex stollii		[250]
†ZhangidrisBolton20031†Heteromyrmex atopogaster—[6]

Paraponerinae

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The subfamily Paraponerinae contains a single genus Paraponera. This genus has two species, one of which was found in Dominican amber from the Miocene.[298] The extant species, Paraponera clavata, is found in Central America and South America, and the pain from its sting is said to be greater than any other insect sting on earth.[299]

Subfamily Paraponerinae Emery, 1901 – one genus, two species[300]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
ParaponeraSmith18582Paraponera clavata
Paraponera clavata		[102]

Ponerinae

edit

The subfamily Ponerinae was established by Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1835, which represents 47 extant genera and 12 fossil genera. The subfamily is among the most diverse in the family Formicidae, with more than 1,000 species described. They are mostly distributed in the tropics and subtropics.[6][41]

Subfamily Ponerinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 – 59 genera, 1,287 species[301]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†AfroponeDlussky et al.20042Afropone oculata—[189]
AnochetusMayr1861122Anochetus ghilianii
Anochetus ghilianii		[67]
†ArchiponeraCarpenter19301†Archiponera wheeleri
†Archiponera wheeleri		[5]
AsphinctoponeSantschi19143Asphinctopone silvestrii
Asphinctopone silvestrii		[27]
AustroponeraSchmidt & Shattuck20143Austroponera rufonigra
Austroponera rufonigra		[302]
BelonopeltaMayr18702Belonopelta attenuata
Belonopelta attenuata		[285]
BoloponeraFisher20061Boloponera vicans
Boloponera vicans		[303]
BothroponeraMayr186237Bothroponera pumicosa
Bothroponera pumicosa		[63]
BrachyponeraEmery190019Brachyponera croceicornis
Brachyponera croceicornis		[304]
BuniaponeSchmidt & Shattuck, 201420141Buniapone amblyops
Buniapone amblyops		[302]
CentromyrmexMayr186615Centromyrmex bohemanni
Centromyrmex bohemanni		[96]
†CephaloponeDlussky & Wedmann20122†Cephalopone potens
†Cephalopone potens		[13]
CryptoponeEmery189324Cryptopone testacea
Cryptopone testacea		[31]
†CyrtoponeDlussky & Wedmann20124†Cyrtopone microcephala
†Cyrtopone microcephala		[13]
DiacammaMayr186224Diacamma rugosum
Diacamma rugosum		[63]
DinoponeraRoger18618Dinoponera gigantea
Dinoponera gigantea		[21]
DolioponeraBrown19741Dolioponera fustigera
Dolioponera fustigera		[305]
EctomomyrmexMayr186728Ectomomyrmex javanus
Ectomomyrmex javanus		[22][306]
EmeryoponeForel19125Emeryopone buttelreepeni
Emeryopone buttelreepeni		[279]
†EogorgitesHong20021†Eogorgites cingulatus—[125]
†EoponeritesHong20021†Eoponerites longipetiolatus—[125]
EuponeraForel189127Euponera sikorae
Euponera sikorae		[95]
FeroponeraBolton & Fisher20081Feroponera ferox
Feroponera ferox		[307]
FisheroponeSchmidt & Shattuck20141Fisheropone ambigua
Fisheropone ambigua		[302]
†FurcisuturaHong20021†Furcisutura wanghuacunensis—[125]
HagensiaForel19012Hagensia havilandi
Hagensia havilandi		[308]
HarpegnathosJerdon18517Harpegnathos saltator
Harpegnathos saltator		[309]
HypoponeraSantschi1938154Hypoponera abeillei
Hypoponera abeillei		[310]
IroponeraSchmidt & Shattuck20141Iroponera odax
Iroponera odax		[302]
LeptogenysRoger1861308Leptogenys falcigera
Leptogenys falcigera		[21]
LoboponeraBolton & Brown20029Loboponera vigilans
Loboponera vigilans		[311]
†LongicapitiaHong20021†Longicapitia reticulata—[125]
MayaponeraSchmidt & Shattuck20141Mayaponera constricta
Mayaponera constricta		[302]
MegaponeraMayr18621Megaponera analis
Megaponera analis		[63]
MesoponeraEmery190020Mesoponera melanaria
Mesoponera melanaria		[312]
†MesseleponeDlussky & Wedmann20121†Messelepone leptogenoides
†Messelepone leptogenoides		[13]
MyopiasRoger186140Myopias amblyops
Myopias amblyops		[21]
NeoponeraEmery190157Neoponera villosa
Neoponera villosa		[313]
OdontomachusLatreille180470Odontomachus haematodus
Odontomachus haematodus		[86]
OdontoponeraMayr18622Odontoponera denticulata
Odontoponera denticulata		[63]
OphthalmoponeForel18905Ophthalmopone berthoudi
Ophthalmopone berthoudi		[236]
PachycondylaSmith185836Pachycondyla crassinoda
Pachycondyla crassinoda		[102]
PaltothyreusMayr18621Paltothyreus tarsatus
Paltothyreus tarsatus		[313]
ParvaponeraSchmidt & Shattuck20144Parvaponera darwinii
Parvaponera darwinii		[302]
PhrynoponeraWheeler19205Phrynoponera gabonensis
Phrynoponera gabonensis		[124]
PlatythyreaRoger186344Platythyrea punctata
Platythyrea punctata		[22][103]
PlectroctenaSmith185817Plectroctena mandibularis
Plectroctena mandibularis		[102]
PoneraLatreille180462Ponera coarctata
Ponera coarctata		[86][274]
†PoneritesDlussky & Rasnitsyn200314†Ponerites eocenicus
†Ponerites eocenicus		[260]
PromyopiasSantschi19141Promyopias silvestrii
Promyopias silvestrii		[27]
†ProtoponeDlussky19887†Protopone primigena
†Protopone primigena		[30]
PsalidomyrmexAndré18906Psalidomyrmex foveolatus
Psalidomyrmex foveolatus		[314]
PseudoneoponeraDonisthorpe194318Pseudoneoponera verecundae
Pseudoneoponera verecundae		[315]
PseudoponeraEmery19006Pseudoponera stigma
Pseudoponera stigma		[304]
RasoponeSchmidt & Shattuck201411Rasopone ferruginea
Rasopone ferruginea		[302]
SimopeltaMann192222Simopelta jeckylli
Simopelta jeckylli		[316]
StreblognathusMayr18622Streblognathus aethiopicus
Streblognathus aethiopicus		[63]
†TaphoponeDlussky & Perfilieva20146†Taphopone karaganensis
†Taphopone macroptera		[32]
ThaumatomyrmexMayr188712Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus
Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus		[79]

Proceratiinae

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The subfamily Proceratiinae was established by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1895, which represents three extant genera and one extinct genus. Found worldwide, these ants are mainly encountered in tropical and subtropical areas. Little is known about their biology.[41][317]

Subfamily Proceratiinae Emery, 1895 – four genera, 155 species[318]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†BradoponeraMayr18684†Bradoponera meieri
†Bradoponera meieri		[130]
DiscothyreaRoger186337Discothyrea testacea
Discothyrea testacea		[103]
ProbolomyrmexMayr190126Probolomyrmex filiformis
Probolomyrmex filiformis		[221]
ProceratiumRoger186388Proceratium silaceum
Proceratium silaceum		[103]

Pseudomyrmecinae

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The subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae was established by M.R. Smith in 1952,[319] which represents three genera of ants that are primarily arboreal nesting ants in the tropical and subtropical regions.[320] They are found in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America and South America.[321]

Subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae Smith, 1952 – three genera, 251 species[322]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
MyrcidrisWard19901Myrcidris epicharis
Myrcidris epicharis		[320]
PseudomyrmexLund1831147Pseudomyrmex gracilis
Pseudomyrmex gracilis		[319][323]
TetraponeraSmith1852103Tetraponera nigra
Tetraponera nigra		[324]

Sphecomyrminae

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The subfamily Sphecomyrminae contains 9 fossil genera of stem ants. Most fossilized ants from Cretaceous amber were placed in this subfamily, however revisions in 2017 and 2020 removed several genera and added former members of the subfamily Armaniinae.[1][325][160]

Subfamily Sphecomyrminae Wilson & Brown, 1967
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)

†Armania

Dlussky

1983

4

†Armania robusta

N/A

[326]

†Boltonimecia

Borysenko

2017

1

†Boltonimecia canadensis


†Boltonimecia canadensis

[327]

†Cretomyrma

Dlussky

1975

2

†Cretomyrma arnoldii

N/A

[328]

†Gerontoformica

Nel & Perrault

2004

13

†Gerontoformica cretacica


†Gerontoformica cretacica

[329]

†Orapia

Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn

2004

2

†Orapia rayneri


†Orapia rayneri

[189]

†Pseudarmania

Dlussky

1983

2

†Pseudarmania rasnitsyni

N/A

[326]

†Sphecomyrma

Wilson & Brown

1967

2

†Sphecomyrma freyi


†Sphecomyrma freyi

[330]

†Zigrasimecia

Barden & Grimaldi

2013

2

†Zigrasimecia tonsora


†Zigrasimecia tonsora

[325]

Incertae sedis

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There are several ant genera where their taxonomic placement is uncertain (incertae sedis). These genera have not yet been assigned to any subfamily within Formicidae; 16 genera are currently listed as incertae sedis.[2]

Incertae sedis genera
Genus nameGenus authorityDescribedNo. of speciesType speciesImageRef(s)

†Archaeopone

Dlussky

1975

2

†Archaeopone kzylzharica

N/A

[328]

†Baikuris

Dlussky

1987

4

†Baikuris mandibularis


†Baikuris mandibularis

[331]

†Calyptites

Scudder

1877

1

†Calyptites antediluvianum

N/A

[5][332]

†Camelomecia

Barden & Grimaldi

2016

1

†Camelomecia janovitzi

†Camelomecia janovitzi

[333]

†Cretopone

Dlussky

1975

1

†Cretopone magna


†Cretopone magna

[334]

†Curticorna[e]

Hong

2002

1

†Curticorna leptogastrosa

N/A

[6][125]

†Dlusskyidris

Bolton

1994

1

†Dlusskyidris zherichini

†Dlusskyidris zherichini

[328][336]

†Eoaenictites[f]

Hong

2002

1

†Eoaenictites castanifurvus

N/A

[125]

†Eoformica

Cockerell

1921

6

†Eoformica eocenica


†Eoformica pinguis

[260][338]

†Fonsecahymen

Martins-Neto & Mendes

2002

1

†Fonsecahymen stigmata

N/A

[339]

†Klondikia

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

2003

1

†Klondikia whiteae

N/A

[260]

†Kohlsimyrma

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

2003

3

†Kohlsimyrma laticeps

N/A

[260]

†Myanmyrma

Engel & Grimaldi

2005

1

†Myanmyrma gracilis


†Myanmyrma gracilis

[34]

†Petropone

Dlussky

1975

1

†Petropone petiolata


†Petropone petiolata

[334]

†Poneropterus

Dlussky

1983

1

†Poneropterus sphecoides

N/A

[326]

Formerly included in Formicidae

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There are several genera which were formerly placed in Formicidae, but have subsequently been removed. These genera are now placed in other families, are considered incertae sedis within Hymenoptera taxonomy, or are considered invalid.[340]

Excluded genera
Genus nameGenus authorityDescribedNo. of speciesType speciesCurrent placementImageRef(s)

Condylodon

Lund

1831

1

Condylodon audouini

Unidentifiable, considered invalid by Bolton, 2020

N/A

[6][55]

†Dolichomyrma

Dlussky

1975

2

†Dolichomyrma longiceps

Incertae sedis in Aculeata

N/A

[328][327]

Hypochira

Buckley

1866

1

Formica subspinosa

Unidentifiable, considered invalid by Bolton, 2020

N/A

[341][342]

†Khetania

Dlussky

1999

1

†Khetania mandibulata

Incertae sedis in Aculeata

N/A

[343]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Includes one undescribed fossil species.[77]
  2. ^ a b †Formicium is considered a collective group name.[105]
  3. ^ a b The collective group names †Formicium and †Myrmeciites do not have designated type species per the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[106]
  4. ^ a b †Myrmeciites is considered a collective group name.[180]
  5. ^ †Curticorna was placed in Dorylinae by Hong (2002), but this genus is "definitely not Dorylinae" according to Barry Bolton.[335] Dlussky & Wedmann (2012) suggest that Curticorna may belong to Ectatomminae.[13]
  6. ^ †Eoaenictites was placed in Aenictinae (now Dorylinae) by Hong (2002), but this genus is "definitely not Aenictinae" according to Barry Bolton.[337]

References

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