Anale kanker

Anale kanker is ’n kanker (kwaadaardige gewas) wat in die menslike anus, die distale opening van die spysverteringskanaal, voorkom. Dit is ’n ander soort siekte as die meer algemene kolonkanker.

Anale kanker
Klassifikasie en eksterne bronne
ICD-10	C21
DiseasesDB	31467
MeSH	D001005
Mediese waarskuwing

Anale kanker is gewoonlik ’n plaveiselselkarsinoom wat dikwels met infeksie deur die menslike papilloomvirus (MPV) verbind word.

Tekens en simptome

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Behandeling National Cancer Institute. Anal Cancer Treatment (PDQ) Patient Version. Geargiveer 14 Julie 2009 op Wayback Machine 13 Junie 2008. URL besoek op 26 Junie 2009.

↑ Stanley, Margaret A; Winder, David M; Sterling, Jane C; Goon, Peter KC (2012). "HPV infection, anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer: current issues". BMC Cancer. 12 (1): 398. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-398. ISSN 1471-2407.

↑ Frisch M (Augustus 2002). "On the etiology of anal squamous carcinoma". Danish Medical Bulletin. 49 (3): 194–209. PMID 12238281.

↑ Parkin DM (2006). "The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002". Int. J. Cancer. 118 (12): 3030–44. doi:10.1002/ijc.21731. PMID 16404738.

↑ ^{5,0 5,1 5,2} "Anal Cancer". American Cancer Society. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 2014-12-22. Besoek op 2014-12-22.

↑ ^{6,0 6,1} "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Changing Trends in Sexual Behavior May Explain Rising Incidence of Anal Cancer Among American Men and Women". Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (fhcrc.org). 2004-07-06. Besoek op 2010-04-21.

↑ "STD Facts – HPV and Men" (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 April 2020. Besoek op 17 Augustus 2007.

↑ Natia Esiashvili; Jerome Landry; Richard H. Matthews (2007). "Carcinoma of the Anus Management" (in Engels). Armenian Health Network, Health.am. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 22 Januarie 2008.

↑ Lin AY, Gridley G, Tucker M (1995). "Benign anal lesions and anal cancer". The New England Journal of Medicine. 332 (3): 190–1. doi:10.1056/NEJM199501193320314. PMID 7695719.

↑ Saleem AM, Paulus JK, Shapter AP, Baxter NN, Roberts PL, Ricciardi R (2011). "Risk of anal cancer in a cohort with human papillomavirus-related gynecologic neoplasm". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 117 (3): 643–9. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820bfb16. PMID 21343768.

↑ National Comprehensive Cancer Network. "NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Anal Carcinoma. V 1.2013" (PDF).

↑ Dewdney A, Rao S (2012). "Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: time for a shift in the treatment paradigm?". ISRN Oncology. 2012: 756591. doi:10.5402/2012/756591. PMC 3352602. PMID 22619735.