这篇文章的共同创作者是 Scott Tobis, MD. Scott Tobis博士是一位认证泌尿科医生。他从业超过7年,专门治疗泌尿道问题,包括泌尿道肿瘤、前列腺肿大、输精管切除、肾结石、尿频或尿急、勃起功能障碍、失禁和尿血。Tobis获得了加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校的细胞与发育生物学理科学士学位,以及达特茅斯医学院的医学博士学位。他之后在罗切斯特大学医学和牙医学院完成普通外科实习,在希望之城国家医疗中心完成泌尿科肿瘤科和机器人手术专科培训。Tobis博士是美国泌尿科委员会的会员。
本文引用了11条参考,详情参见页面底部。
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如果关节突然剧痛,不适的感觉挥之不去,那也许你是患上了一种名为痛风的关节炎。痛风是尿酸偏高造成的。尿酸是一种复合结晶,通常由肾脏过滤,并随着尿液排出体外。尿酸过高会形成结晶,引发痛风等状况。所以,降低尿酸水平和溶解这些结晶十分重要。你可以通过吃药、改变饮食和运动做到这一点。改变饮食或服用新的药物之前,一定要先问过医生。
步骤
- 了解痛风的风险。如果你患有痛风,也就是尿酸过高引起发的一种关节炎,尿酸结晶沉积在关节周围的液体。虽然它好发于中老年男性,但任何人都有可能患病。目前尚未弄清楚痛风的确切原因,但是风险因素包括吃过多肉和海鲜,肥胖,患有高血压、糖尿病等慢性病,有痛风家族史,或是服用特定药物。[1]
- 痛风会引起关节发炎和疼痛,通常在夜间发作,一般发生在大脚趾,并伴随着关节红肿、发热和一触即痛。停止发作后,不适的感觉还会持续数天到数周,可能演变成慢性痛风,影响行动能力。
- 就医检查。如果你患有慢性痛风,痛风经常发作或者很痛,可以向医生咨询处方药。医生会做各种检查来诊断痛风,包括检验血尿酸水平,检验关节滑液,进行超声波或电脑断层扫描来发现尿酸盐结晶。医生会根据检查结果,决定你是否需要用药以及合适的药物。
- 医生可能开黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂或排尿酸药。如果是急性痛风,医生也可能开秋水仙碱等比较少见的药物。
- 服用排尿酸药。这类药物帮助身体通过尿液排出更多尿酸。它们能阻止身体对尿酸盐的重吸收,进而降低血液中的尿酸浓度。[4] 医生可能会给你开丙磺舒,不过肾脏有问题的人不宜服用。第一周每12小时服用250毫克,之后可能会慢慢增加剂量,但是绝不超过2克。
- 丙磺舒的副作用包括起皮疹、腹痛、肾结石、头晕和头痛。为了预防肾结石,服用丙磺舒期间,每天至少要喝1400到1900毫升水。
- 避免服用特定药物。有些药不能服用,因为它们会加重痛风,其中包括噻嗪类利尿剂(氢氯噻嗪),还有袢利尿剂(呋塞米或Lasix)。另外,避开低剂量阿司匹林和烟酸,因为它们也会导致尿酸水平升高。
- 通常有替代药物可供选择,不要不问医生就擅自停药。
广告
小提示
警告
- 服用新的药物或者改变饮食之前,一定要先咨询医生。
参考
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/basics/risk-factors/con-20019400
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/basics/treatment/con-20019400
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/basics/treatment/con-20019400
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/basics/treatment/con-20019400
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/high-fiber-foods/art-20050948
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/arthritis-diet/best-foods-for-arthritis/cherries.php
- ↑ http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/types/gout/articles/purine-foods-gout-attack.php
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
- ↑ http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130604/Vitamin-C-and-gout-an-interview-with-Prof-Lisa-Stamp.aspx
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002404.htm
- ↑ http://www.medpagetoday.com/Rheumatology/GeneralRheumatology/46937
- ↑ http://www.medpagetoday.com/Rheumatology/GeneralRheumatology/46937
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/arthritis/understanding-gout-treatment
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