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这篇文章的共同创作者是 Carrie Noriega, MD. Noriega博士是美国科罗拉多州的一位认证妇产科医生,同时也是一位医学作家。她擅长于女性健康、风湿、肺病、传染病和肠胃病。Noriega获得了奥马哈市克里顿大学医学院的医学博士学位,并于2005年在密苏里大学堪萨斯分校完成了专科住院实习。
本文引用了23条参考,详情参见页面底部。
这篇文章已经被读过11,649次。
堕胎指的是通过吃药或手术将胎儿移出子宫。[1] 尽管具争议性,但这是医生常做的手术,而且在医生的悉心照顾下,它其实很安全。[2] 是否要终止你想要、不想要或意料之外的怀孕,是非常艰难的决定。好好了解这方面的信息,跟医生和爱人进行讨论,给自己时间思考,做出正确的决定。[3]
步骤
- 确认怀孕。做出堕胎这个艰难的决定前,先确认自己真的怀孕了。如果你需要堕胎,可以先自己在家验孕,或是去看医生。[4]
- 在大多数情况下,如果你怀孕了,并决定堕胎,医生或诊所会进行另一项测试,确认你是否怀孕。
- 去看医生。如果你怀疑或确认自己怀孕了,请去看医生或妇产科医生。她们可以针对你有的选择提供意见,其中包括堕胎。
- 医生不会强迫你做任何决定。他们只会提供信息,让你了解你有的选择。
- 如果你堕胎的意愿很强,不妨列出你想问医生的问题。由专业医生进行的堕胎程序一般很安全,不会影响你以后的生育能力。[7]
- 了解堕胎对身体的影响。你必须了解堕胎和它的后果。然而,除了这些重要信息之外,还存在着许多错误信息。在你做最后决定时,一定要弄清楚并获取正确的信息。[14]
- 记住,这个决定是你自己的。和家人、伴侣或朋友讨论你有的选择,或许对你有所帮助,可以带来一些安慰。但是到最后,只有你才可以决定是否继续或终止怀孕。[24]
- 如果你知道或者和孩子的父亲在一起,也要认真考虑他的立场。
- 了解不同类型的堕胎手段。堕胎的理由很多,也有几种不同的堕胎手段。了解你有的选择,可以帮助你和医生决定哪一种方式最适合你。[25]
- 堕胎手段可以分为药物和手术。[26]
- 堕胎的原因包括不想怀孕,怀孕会影响母亲健康,或是发育中的胎儿有严重问题。[27]
- 从最后一次来月经的第一天算起,你可以在7周内进行药物或非手术堕胎。医生会检查身体,然后给你开药,比如美服培酮、氨甲蝶呤、米索前列醇或是结合使用几种药物。[28]
- 服用医生开的药。吃了药后,身体会开始排出妊娠组织。这可能引起持续数小时的中度至重度出血和绞痛。[29] 结束后,你需要去看医生,确保所有妊娠组织已被排出。[30]
- 手术堕胎可以在怀孕7周或更久之后进行。在手术过程中,医生会扩张子宫颈,将一个小吸管插入子宫,把胚胎和其它妊娠物吸出来。[31]
- 你得躺在手术台上,双脚被固定,而且可能需要注射镇静剂。[32]
- 手术后,医生会让你在休息室休息几个小时,告诉你什么时候可以回家,并指导你怎么在家照顾自己。之后还得复诊,确保手术成功。[33]
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- 考虑家人的意愿和生活方式。发现自己意外怀孕?不妨考虑采取避孕措施,以免今后再次遇到相同问题。你需要考虑很多因素,比如说你是否想要孩子,什么时候想要孩子,是否愿意吃药或者不害怕每天吃药,你的生活方式是怎样的,包括是否经常出差。这些考量可以帮助你确认最适合你的避孕方式。[34]
- 了解各种避孕措施。有几种避孕方法,逐一了解它们可以帮助你决定哪一个方法最适合你。
- 屏障避孕法是在做爱前使用外用工具,不让精子到达子宫。这包括男用和女用避孕套、避孕膜、宫颈帽和杀精剂。[38]
- 只要使用得当,屏障避孕法可以降低意外怀孕的风险。你也可以再用一种方法,提供额外的保护。比方说,如果你选择戴避孕套,意外怀孕的几率为2到18%,不妨再使用杀精剂,进一步降低风险。[39]
- 如果你们是长期稳定的关系,但不想要怀孕,激素避孕法是不错的选择。它的失败率很低(低于1%到9%)。[40] 这包括避孕药、避孕贴或阴道环。[41] 避孕药也能帮助调节经期。[42]
- 如果你想过一段时间才生孩子,可以选择长效可逆的避孕方式(LARC),比如宫颈环、打避孕针或埋植避孕棒。长期使用也不会影响你的生育能力。[43]
- 如果你十分确定自己不想要孩子了,可以选择绝育。输精管切除术和输卵管结扎术通常不可逆,一定要认真考虑清楚,才决定是否进行这类手术。[44]
- 自然避孕法不使用药物和避孕套等更直接的方法。如果你无法或不想使用其它避孕方法,这不失为一种选择。自然避孕法包括安全期避孕法、检查子宫颈粘液、基础体温或体外射精(在射精前拔出阴茎)。[45] 这个方法需要详细的计划和勤力地做记录,但是不用花钱,也没有副作用。[46]
- 做最后决定。了解各种避孕法后,是时候做出知情决定,选择最适合你的方法。你不仅应该和伴侣商量,也要咨询医生。医生可以给你开避孕药、实施长效可逆避孕措施和做绝育手术。广告
参考
- ↑ [http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551M
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ http://hopeafterabortion.com
- ↑ http://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(12)00415-5/abstract?cc=y=
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ http://www.nationalpartnership.org/research-library/repro/bad-medicinecoalition-to-protect/patient-trust-act-model-legislation-for-getting-politics-out-of-the-exam-room.pdf
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/pregnant-now-what/thinking-about-abortion
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007382.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007382.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007382.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007382.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007382.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007382.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002912.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002912.htm
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002912.htm
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-basics/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-basics/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-basics/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-basics/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-basics/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/condom
- ↑ http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-pill
- ↑ http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Combined-Hormonal-Birth-Control-Pill-Patch-and-Ring
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-pills/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/seo/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/sterilization/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/natural-family-planning/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/natural-family-planning/hlv-20049454
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-pill/art-20045136?pg=2
- ↑ http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Barrier-Methods-of-Birth-Control-Diaphragm-Sponge-Cervical-Cap-and-Condom
- ↑ http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Long-Acting-Reversible-Contraception-LARC-IUD-and-Implant
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/natural-family-planning/hlv-20049454
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