Tiling a Shower: Prep, Installation, and Finishing Touches

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An in-depth guide to tiling a shower wall

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Preparing the Shower for Tiles

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Laying the Tiles

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Grouting and Caulking

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Video

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Expert Q&A

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Tips

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Warnings

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Things You'll Need

Ready to upgrade your bathroom space? A freshly-tiled shower adds beauty and durability to any bathroom—and the best part is, you can do it all on your own. Whether you have contractor experience or you’re just an avid DIYer, with the right products and techniques, you can create a beautiful, leak-proof shower with the tiles of your dreams. For all the tips and product recommendations you’ll need, read on.

Things You Should Know

Remove old tiles from the shower. Then, put up a vapor barrier and a cement board barrier and paint it with water resistant primer.
Plan out your tile pattern before you start. Create a grid by marking vertical and horizontal lines, using a level and a straight edge as a guide.
Use thin-set mortar mix to apply your tiles. Start in the center and move outward, and cut any tiles to fit into the edge spaces.
Apply grout once the tiles have set, then seal and caulk around the edges.

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Preparing the Shower for Tiles

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1
Remove the old tile from the walls. If you’re working on an existing shower, demolition is the first step. Turn off the water and the power to the bathroom before you start. When you’re done tiling, you can turn both back on. Cover the doors and windows with plastic, and put a drop cloth on the floor. Wear a ventilated mask, and use a hammer and chisel to break the tiles apart and throw them away. Go from the top down to make quick work of your old tiles.^{[1]XResearch source}
- If your shower isn’t tiled, remove the existing material or shower surround, instead.
- Remove the backing board behind the tile with a crowbar. When you’re done, you should see insulation and studs.
- If you’re working on a brand new shower, you don’t need to do any demo. Make sure you’ve installed a shower pan or bathtub before tiling the shower. If you’re planning on tiling the shower floor, you don’t need a shower pan.
2
Install a vapor barrier on the shower walls. Roll the plastic barrier onto the entire shower wall, then use a staple gun to staple the barrier to the studs. Trim off any excess so the barrier fits neatly inside the shower walls.^{[2]XResearch source}
- If you fail to install a vapor barrier, you might grow mold and mildew as moisture from your shower escapes through the tiles and into walls.^{[3]XExpert SourceArt Fricke
  Home Renovation & Repair SpecialistExpert Interview. 1 July 2020.}
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3
Put up a sturdy cement board backer. Measure your shower walls, then cut the cement backer to fit from top to bottom. Screw the board to the studs, leaving a ¹⁄₈ in (0.32 cm) gap between the panels and the shower pan. That way, the backer and the shower pan won’t squeak when they rub together.^{[4]XResearch source}
- Be sure to cut out any notches for your shower head and handles using a saw or a box cutter.
- Putting up cement board is just like putting up drywall.
- Apply 100% silicone caulk behind the board on the studs and also use it to seal the seams between the panels. Add some seam tape between the panels as well.
4
Add seam tape and mortar to the edge of the backer board. If there’s a gap between the backer board and the wallboard, add seam tape to seal it up. Then, apply thin-set mortar with a putty knife to make a smooth, continuous wall with no gaps.^{[5]XResearch source}
- Keep this seam tight. Aim for a gap of 3/16” or smaller.
5
Paint a water resistant primer over the backer board. A primer will help keep moisture from building up in your walls and rotting your shower. Use a paint roller to spread a thin layer of primer over all of the shower walls, then let it dry completely.^{[6]XResearch source}
- Use a paint brush to get into nooks and crannies, too.

Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Laying the Tiles

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1
Mark the vertical and horizontal layout of your tile. Planning out your tile will ensure you work in a straight, even pattern. Measure 1 of your tiles, then mark the center of each wall. Start in the center and carefully mark each tile in 1 vertical and 1 horizontal line. Use a level to ensure your line is straight, and leave 1/2“ in between each tile to account for the grout joints.^{[7]XResearch source}
- Your shower pan may not be totally level, so don’t use it as a straight edge guide.
- You can either use a pencil to mark out your lines, or you can nail a board to the wall and use it as a straight guide.
- Ceramic tile, porcelain tile, and quarry tile are best for shower walls.
- Planning to tile the shower floor? Make sure you use floor tiles, not wall tiles. Then, continue your tile pattern down to the floor.
2
Mix enough thin-set mortar for the bottom row. Pour thin-set into a 5-gallon bucket, then add water according to the instructions on the package. Use an electric drill and a mortar mixing bit to mix the mortar until it’s the consistency of peanut butter.^{[8]XResearch source}
- Keep an eye on the consistency of your thin-set. If it’s too thick, it might dry out, and if it’s too thin, it will have a hard time setting.
- Do not use mastic as the adhesive for tile in a shower or a tub surround, as it will allow mold to grow.^{[9]XExpert SourceArt Fricke
  Home Renovation & Repair SpecialistExpert Interview. 1 July 2020.}
3
Spread thin-set onto 1 horizontal row. Use a notched trowel to pick the thin-set up out of the bucket. Spread it onto the wall in an upwards motion, using the notches to thin it out. Cover 1 horizontal row of the shower wall.^{[10]XResearch source}
- Spread the thin-set onto the wall about 1 in (2.5 cm) thick.
This will create a pleasant visual effect and allow each tile that is placed beside it on either side seem centered. Press the tile onto the thin-set, then apply pressure to make it stick. Use your straight line as a guide to ensure your tiles are even.^{[11]XResearch source}
5
Add spacers in between each tile. Spacers will leave you identifiable grout lines between tiles. Before adding any more tiles, place small 1/16" or 1/8" spacers on the x and y axis of each tile. Add shims or small spacers beneath the bottom row of tiles to leave space between the shower pan and the tile.^{[12]XResearch source}
- Small pieces of cardboard work great as makeshift shims between your tile and shower pan. After the mortar is set, you can simply remove these shims and caulk between the lip of the pan and the bottom of the tile.
6
Continue laying tile in a horizontal line. Keep using your straight edge as a guide, placing tiles next to each other with spacers in between each tile. Finish 1 horizontal row before moving on.^{[13]XResearch source}
- If you are tiling your shower floor as well, switch to floor tiles as soon as you reach the floor. Apply the tiles using mortar and spacers the same way that you put them on the wall.
7
Cut tiles to fit in the corners and edges. As you get close to the edge of your shower wall, you’ll probably find that at least 1 of the tiles doesn’t fit neatly into the space left. When that happens, measure the open space, then cut the tile with a glass cutter or a manual tile cutter.^{[14]XResearch source}
- You can also cut tile with a wet saw, if you have one.
- Use the same tools to cut notches for your shower head and handles.
8
Keep adding new rows of tile. Use a level to make sure your original row is straight, then add more thin-set to the next row and keep tiling. Continue going up until you reach the top of the shower stall.^{[15]XResearch source}
- Make sure to measure every third or fourth row to ensure that you have an even grout line. If you don’t, gently pry the tile off and try again.
This will make sure that the mortar has adhered properly to both the tile backing and the cement board backer. Try not to move or adjust the tiles, since this could disrupt the drying process.^{[16]XResearch source}

Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Grouting and Caulking

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Since your tiles are set now, you don’t need your spacers anymore. Gently remove the spacers from the tiles and throw them away.^{[17]XExpert SourceArt Fricke
Home Renovation & Repair SpecialistExpert Interview. 1 July 2020.}
2
Apply grout to the tiles in sections. Mix up a batch of grout, then let it rest for about 5 minutes. Wet the tiles with a damp sponge, then use a grout float (a flat trowel) to press the grout into the spaces between the tiles. Add grout to all the spaces in between each tile in a 4 by 4 ft (1.2 by 1.2 m) section.^{[18]XResearch source}
- It’s important to work in small sections so that the grout doesn’t dry on the tiles.
- Grouting a shower wall is similar to grouting a tile floor.
3
Wipe excess grout off the tiles in sections. When you’re done grouting an area, you’ll notice that there’s a lot of excess grout on your tiles. Use a damp sponge to go over the tiles, lightly removing all the grout from the outside of the tiles.^{[19]XResearch source} Then, keep going in sections over the entire wall.
- The tiles may look a bit hazy even after wiping, so you may have to buff them with a clean sponge to get rid of this haze.
4
Let the grout cure for 3 days, then seal it. Run a thin bead of liquid grout onto every grout line and wipe away. Let it dry, then drop water onto the sealed grout to test its water resistance. Correctly sealed grout will cause the water to bead up on top of it.^{[20]XResearch source}
- Sealer isn’t strictly necessary, but it will extend the grout’s lifespan and make your shower more resistant to mold and mildew.
5
Caulk the seams around the shower pan. Make sure to use a grout caulk to match the colors of your existing grout. As you caulk, remember to pull the caulk gun relatively quickly across the joint. Most amateurs caulk too slow and end up dropping too much caulk down on the joint. Other things to remember:^{[21]XResearch source}
- Keep the tip angled as you run the bead along the joint.
- Match the speed with which you pull the caulk gun trigger with the rate at which you pull the gun along the joint. You don't want to be pulling the gun fast but triggering slowly, or vice versa.
- After applying the bead of caulk, "bed" it by running a damp finger across the bead with light pressure.

Expert Q&A

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Question
Do I need to use a shower pan?
Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Mark Spelman is a General Contractor based in Austin, Texas. With over 30 years of construction experience, Mark specializes in constructing interiors, project management, and project estimation. He has been a construction professional since 1987.
Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Expert Answer
When tiling a shower, using a shower pain is necessary. You can consider using a pre-made vinyl base.
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What is the best way to fix a gap that's uneven between the top of shower wall tiles and the ceiling in the shower?
Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Mark Spelman is a General Contractor based in Austin, Texas. With over 30 years of construction experience, Mark specializes in constructing interiors, project management, and project estimation. He has been a construction professional since 1987.
Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Expert Answer
To fix the gap between wall tiles and the ceiling, I recommend using a nice piece of trim or decorative tile.
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How do you prepare a shower wall for tile?
Art Fricke
Home Renovation & Repair Specialist
Art Fricke is a home renovation and repair specialist and the owner of Art Tile & Renovation based in Austin, Texas. With over 10 years of experience, he specializes in bathroom and kitchen renovations. Art focuses on a single contractor approach to customized renovation work, and performs projects such as installing custom tile showers, fixing tiled shower leaks, replacing cracked tiles, and installing floor and wall tile.
Art Fricke
Home Renovation & Repair Specialist
Expert Answer
Start with concrete backer board with a moisture barrier behind it to keep water out of the wall cavity and framing. Don't use drywall, because when moisture penetrates the grout, it will cause the drywall to crumble.
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Tips

Use wall tiles for shower walls, and floor tiles for shower floors. Wall tiles are not strong enough to support body weight, and over time, they could crack if they’re on the floor.
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Warnings

Don’t let grout dry on your tiles before wiping them down. Grout is very hard to remove after about 20 minutes, and it can discolor and stain tiles.
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