How to Tap a Pine Tree

Tapping pine trees to capture the sap for use in paint products and in making pine resin products is almost a lost art.^{[1]XResearch source} Here are the basic steps if you would like to try this project for yourself. Because this project does inflict damage to the tree and expose it to dangers from pests and diseases, careful consideration should be given before proceeding.

Steps

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You will need to have the landowner's permission before proceeding, and you must make it clear what you intend to do. Tapping the trees will not seriously injure them if done properly, but may decrease the value of them as timber if they are harvested in the future.^{[2]XResearch source}
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Identify the best species of pines for this purpose. Because in general, different species of pine have similar appearance, you may need to talk to someone familiar with the pines native to your area. Southern pines that are suitable for tapping include these:^{[3]XResearch source}
- Southern Yellow Pine
- Black Pine
- Loblolly Pine
- Improved Slash Pine
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Gather the necessary tools for your project. You will have to have a tool for cutting the bark of the tree, a catch pan, and a container to gather the collected sap into. If you choose to catch the sap in a plastic container, you will also need some lightweight sheet metal to form a funnel with to decrease waste of sap. Here is a basic list of tools and materials with a description of each one.
- Hacker. This is a short, machete like tool for hacking the bark and sapwood of the tree. A special tool commonly made by local blacksmiths until early in the 20th century, you may substitute a hatchet or small axe or use a very sharp machete or other large knife.
- Turpentine pots. These pots were made of tinned steel or terra cotta ceramics, and are largely unavailable today. The two unique features they shared was a thin, curved rim at the top, and a hole for the hanging peg just below the rim on the concave edge. You can make your own turpentine pots from large metal cans such as institutional food containers. Simply remove the top completely, dent one side in to make it concave, and drill a ¹⁄₄ inch (0.6 cm) hole in the lip of the can.
- Lugging buckets. This is not a technical name, just a description of the use for the bucket the turpentine used to carry the sap from the collection pots to the still or the location the product was sold as a raw material.
- Hammer and pegs. Any hammer suitable for driving nails will work, and if you don't have hardwood pegs, you can also use a large nail to peg your collecting pots to the tree. The advantage of using hardwood pegs is that the tree could safely be harvested later for saw logs without the risk of a steel pin or nail damaging the sawmilling equipment.
- Turpentine still. Obviously this is a large and complicated assembly of equipment, and will not be discussed in detail here. Pine sap (called resin) is gathered and distilled to produce turpentine, used for paint thinning, varnishes, and cleaning solvents.
Look for large, tight-barked trees to have the best results, since shag barked trees will be difficult to get a tight fit on with your collecting buckets.
about 3 foot (0.9 m) above the ground, and about 10 inches (25.4 cm) wide, by chopping the bark away with your machete, hatchet, or other chopping tool. Scrape away the bark to expose about a 6 inch (15.2 cm) tall section of sapwood.
so that when the sap begins to seep out, it will drip into it. If you use a bucket that cannot be conformed to the shape of your tree, use a piece of metal flashing to form a funnel into the bucket.^{[4]XResearch source}
in a "V" shape, with the point of the "V" directly above the center of your bucket.
until the sap begins to seep out and drain into it. Rainwater will not affect the sap, since it is fairly waterproof, but you will want to collect the sap into a clean container with a tight-fitting lid every several days to keep debris from accumulating in it. Hack additional notches in the sapwood if the sap flow decreases, as the sap may begin to harden or crystallize, sealing the wood grain closed and preventing sap from seeping.^{[5]XResearch source}
Driving a wooden peg into any penetrations may help prevent the tree from suffering further damage from insects or diseases entering through the hole.

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Question
Will the tree feel pain when I tap it?
Community Answer
Not in the way that animals/humans do, because trees don't have a nervous system. However, it is not possible to rule it out completely. There's evidence that trees can respond to being damaged or eaten in various ways, and their methods of sensing these damages are not entirely understood.
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How is turpentine used to make colored paints?
Mark O'Guin
Community Answer
Turpentine is a solvent that emulsifies and acts as a carrier and thinner to aid in spreading the color pigments. Turpentine tends to keep colors truer and richer in oil-based paints than some other solvents.
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Can pine resin be extracted from dry wood?
Community Answer
Yes, it can, I have collected dead fatwood (a location where the sap has collected), and it was dripping with sap once I removed the crystallized coat. But this was short-lasting. It is better for making pine tar.
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Tips

Although pines are evergreens, the sap runs faster in early spring or early fall, whenever you expect fairly warm weather. In very cold weather, the sap will be thickened by the low temperature and will hardly flow at all.
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Warnings

Pine sap contains turpentine, a natural solvent, which can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
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Pine sap, turpentine, and other byproducts should be considered flammable.
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