How to Learn to Read Piano Music

Once you can read all the notes, playing piano can be a very fun and relaxing activity. Reading piano music can be hard to figure out, since you're playing two lines of music at once. Before starting, know that the line of music on top is going to be the right hand (treble clef) while the one below it is the left (bass clef).

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Reading the Upper Line

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While it's not so common for the bass clef to be in the right hand, it is still a possibility; such as when the music requires your hands to cross for example! If your sheet music has bass clef in the right hand, you can skip this part of the process.
2
Learn the key signature. The key signature comes right after the treble clef. This will consist of flats and sharps of different notes. There are also orders of flats and sharps to help you determine the key signature quickly and easily. The order of flats is B - E - A - D - G - C - F. The order of sharps is the same as the order of flats, but reversed. The order is then F - C - G - D - A - E - B. For example:
- Remember that a sharp looks like '#' and a flat looks like 'b'
- Notice the key signature has 3 flats. Therefore, B, E, and A will all be flat.
- Notice the key signature has 6 flats. Therefore, B, E, A, D, G, and C will be flat.
- Notice the key signature has 2 sharps. Therefore, F and C will be sharp.
- Notice the key signature has 5 sharps. Therefore, F, C, G, D, and A will be sharp.
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3
Learn the time signature. The time signature is the two numbers at the beginning of the line. The top number will indicate how many of the lower-number notes are in each bar. For example:
- 4 / 4 will have FOUR QUARTER note beats
- 5 / 8 will have FIVE EIGHTH note beats
- 12 / 8 will have TWELVE EIGHTH note beats
- A "C" with a line through it means cut time where you only have 2 half note beats per measure
4
Learn where the notes are. There are 5 lines which indicate these notes in order from bottom to top: E - G - B - D - F. Then, in between those lines, you have F - A - C - E.
- If a note is above the staff (above the five lines) the pattern of notes continues as shown above

Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Reading the Bass Clef

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Again, it is possible to have treble clef in the left hand (lower line). If that is the case, you can refer back to Part 1 to understand the rhythms and time signatures.
2
Learn the key signature. The key signature shouldn't be different from the treble clef's signature if your right hand is treble clef. To determine what notes are flat and sharp, you can refer to the order of flats and sharps. The order of flats is B - E - A - D - G - C - F. The order of sharps is the same as the order of flats, but reversed. The order is then F - C - G - D - A - E - B. For example:
- Remember that a sharp looks like '#' and a flat looks like 'b'
- Notice the key signature has 3 flats. Therefore, B, E, and A will all be flat.
- Notice the key signature has 6 flats. Therefore, B, E, A, D, G, and C will be flat.
- Notice the key signature has 2 sharps. Therefore, F and C will be sharp.
- Notice the key signature has 5 sharps. Therefore, F, C, G, D, and A will be sharp.
3
Learn the time signature. Again, this is no different than the treble clef's. The time signature is the two numbers at the beginning of the line. The top number will indicate how many of the lower-number notes are in each bar. For example:
- 4 / 4 will have FOUR QUARTER note beats
- 5 / 8 will have FIVE EIGHTH note beats
- 12 / 8 will have TWELVE EIGHTH note beats
- A "C" with a line through it means cut time where you only have 2 half note beats per measure
4
Learn where the notes are. For bass clef, there are still 5 lines, but different notes to go with them. Starting from the bottom line to the top, G - B - D - F - A. The lines in between will be A - C - E - G.
- If a note is above the staff (above the five lines) the pattern of notes continues as shown above

Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Putting It All Together

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Now you can continue to start reading sheet music. It is essential to learn the difference between a single note and a chord. A chord will be multiple notes stacked on top of each other. This simply means that you must play all of those notes at once to play the chord.
There are a lot of different types of notes that correlate to different rhythms.
3
Learn the dynamics. Dynamics are letters that generally appear between the lines of the right and left hand.
- p - piano - softly
- mp - mezzo piano - slightly louder piano
- mf - mezzo forte - slightly louder than mp
- f - forte - a loud talking voice
4
Learn the articulation. There are lots of different kinds of articulation that signify a lot of things.
- 1 - Staccato - played very short and to the point
- 2 - Slurs - played so that the notes don't have any gaps of sound between them
- 3 - Tepee - Played short but with "umph"
- 4 - Accent - Played with force at front
- 5 - Legato - played triumphantly to the notes extent
This last step is very tricky if you're just learning piano. A neat tip is that the notes/chords line up from right to left hand. The notes in the picture above shows that.

Expert Q&A

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Can you teach yourself to read piano music?
Michael Noble, PhD
Professional Pianist
Michael Noble is a professional concert pianist who received his PhD in Piano Performance from the Yale School of Music. He is a previous contemporary music fellow of the Belgian American Educational Foundation and has performed at Carnegie Hall and at other venues across the United States, Europe, and Asia.
Michael Noble, PhD
Professional Pianist
Expert Answer
You could definitely teach yourself. YouTube and other instructional videos online can be a great resource. If you want to learn basic theory online, start looking at a keyboard, and watch the videos as you're playing.
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How do I read notes written on ledger lines?
Buggylu25
Top Answerer
Pretend that the ledger lines are just small extensions of the musical staff. The notes continue in the same order. If you need help identifying the notes, find a familiar note on the staff. From there, count up/down until you reach the note on the ledger line.
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What is the difference between "treble clef" and "G clef." What is the difference between "bass clef" and "F clef"?
Doctorproctor
Community Answer
The treble clef is same as the G clef, and the bass clef is the same as the F clef. They are synonyms.
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Treble clef notes on the line can be known with an acronym: Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge
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Treble clef notes between the lines can be known with just the word FACE
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Bass clef notes on the line can be known with the acronym: George Bush Drives Fast Always
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