How to Play and Bond with Your Betta Fish

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Be the best companion to your betta buddy

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Basic Care

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Bonding With Your Betta

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Expert Q&A

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Warnings

Betta fish, also called Siamese fighting fish, are popular pets because of their bright colors and prominent fins. Though they usually prefer to live alone, bettas are sociable creatures that can become easily bored and unhealthy without regular stimulation. Therefore, bettas can and should become more of a companion than just a pretty object in a tank. With proper care and regular interaction, you can grow a healthy bond with your betta fish.

Things You Should Know

Keep your betta's tank spacious and clean, and provide plenty of food and tank decorations to keep your betta happy.
Place your betta's tank in an active area, like a living room, kitchen, or an office, and talk to it frequently to keep it stimulated.
Play with your betta by doodling on the tank with dry erase markers, tracing your finger along the glass, and adding bobbing toys to the tank.

Part 1

Part 1 of 2:

Choosing and Caring for Your Betta

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1
Select a healthy betta. With proper care, betta fish regularly live for two-to-four years, and can occasionally reach ten years. Choosing a healthy fish and giving it proper care is your best chance for a lasting relationship.
- Most pet stores carry far more male than female bettas because the former are more colorful and have larger fins. Whether you choose a male or female, look for a fish with a bright (not dull) color palate and healthy-looking, undamaged fins.
- You might assume you should select an active, excited fish as opposed to a more mellow one, but behavior in the pet store is not necessarily a harbinger of the betta’s personality. It may be worn out after a day of people tapping on the glass, after all.
- These and other selection tips, along with much more information on betta care, are provided in detail at How to Take Care of a Betta Fish.
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Provide a proper home. You may have seen a betta in someone’s home or office swimming around in a vase or even a drinking glass. Because bettas often prefer to live alone, many people mistakenly assume that they don’t need or want much water to call home.
- You may hear people say that bettas like small spaces because their natural habitat is small puddles left by buffalo tracks in their native Southeast Asia. While bettas are sometimes found in such cozy bodies of water, this is more a testament to their resiliency during the dry season than an indication of their preferred lifestyle.^{[1]XResearch source}
- In reality, bettas like quite a bit of space to roam, so you should select a tank that holds at least three gallons, and even up to ten. This may seem like a lot of tank for one small fish, but you’re more likely to have a happy and healthy betta this way.^{[2]XResearch source}
- The tank should also be heated to between 76° and 80° F, and have a simple filter that does not churn up the water too much (bettas prefer still water). Keep the tank clean and change the water on a regular schedule.
- For more on tank preparation and maintenance, see How to Take Care of a Betta Fish.
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Expect a loner. While some bettas don’t mind sharing a tank, many, especially males, become anxious, agitated, and aggressive when faced with other fish invading their space.
- While they have earned the name “fighting fish,” betta males are more interested in establishing dominance than harming each other. But injuries and general unpleasantness do often occur when two or more males, or really just a male betta and any other fish, are put in a tank together. So it is best to assume that your male betta will live alone.
- A pair of female bettas will also not likely get along, but a larger group, up to around ten, can do well together. (This is called a “sorority” of bettas.) So allow your female to either swim solo or in a herd.^{[3]XResearch source}
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Feed it properly. Betta fish generally do best with a fairly specific diet, consisting of three main foods: betta fish pellets, bloodworms, and baby brine shrimp (the latter two are usually in freeze-dried form).
- Two feedings of three-to-four pellets (broken up if your fish is small) or six to seven bloodworms/shrimp should suffice. Bettas will overeat if given the chance, to the detriment of their health. They can also suffer from constipation (indicated by bloating), which some say can be alleviated by feeding the betta a single thawed, cut-up frozen pea.^{[4]XResearch source}
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Discover more about your new friend’s species. Bettas are also known as Siamese fighting fish because they hail from Southeast Asia and males, in particular, are known to act aggressively towards each other.
- Bettas are adaptable survivors. They populate the rice paddies of Southeast Asia and readily adjust to the cycles of floods and droughts.
- Bettas are also one of the rare examples of a “labyrinth fish,” which means they can breathe oxygen from the air as well as from water. Thus, as long as they remain moist, they can survive out of water for short periods of time and can live in small, brackish ponds (as are found during the dry season) for longer periods.

Part 2

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Bonding With Your Betta

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1
Keep it in an active area. Bettas usually like to live alone, yet they also grow bored easily and much prefer to be near “where the action is” while retaining their own defined “turf.”
- Place your betta’s tank in a high-traffic, regularly occupied part of the house, such as in the living room or near the kitchen. Bettas like movement and action, even when they are not being directly interacted with.^{[5]XResearch source}
- Relocate the tank within the room occasionally, to provide the betta with a change of scenery. New things to see will attract his attention and keep him engaged and interested in your goings-on.
2
Name your betta and talk to it. It’s hard to develop a bond with a nameless creature of any type, so find a name that suits your new little pal’s personality. Like the lists of baby names that populate the internet, you can also find suggestions for betta names if you need some help.^{[6]XResearch source}
- Bettas are sensitive to the vibrations in water caused by sounds such as human voices, which some take as meaning your fish can learn to recognize your voice and its name. See if you can trigger a regular response by saying your betta’s name each time you visit.
- At the very least, talking to your betta provides opportunities for interaction, which it craves, and helps establish the bond on your end. After all, who doesn’t want a good listener for a friend?
3
Give it visual stimulation. Relocating the tank, as noted, is one way to change up the scenery, but even just looking at your fish regularly gives it something new to focus on and eventually recognize.
- Male bettas are famous for “flaring” their fins — their response to encountering another betta — when seeing their reflection in a mirror. There is debate as to whether frequent “mirror flaring” is good (as stimulation) or bad (as stress) for your betta, so perhaps employ it in moderation or to stay safe don't use a mirror. Keep in mind that some bettas can be timid and maybe frightened at their own reflection.
- In addition to the occasional mirror (if desired), you can also doodle on the tank with dry erase markers or apply sticky notes cut into different shapes, or just simply place new and interesting objects just outside the tank.^{[7]XResearch source} Watch your betta investigate and react to these new phenomena.
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Play with your betta. While tapping a fish tank is a natural human reaction, you should never do this since the sound is amplified in the water and will stress out your fish.^{[8]XExpert SourceCraig Morton
Aquarium Specialist, Aquarium Doctor Inc.Expert Interview. 21 July 2020.} Instead, trace your finger along with the glass and watch for the fish to react.
- Your betta will probably start coming over to your finger, and even following it as it slides along the tank wall. You might be able to get your fish to twist and loop in its pursuit.
- Bettas like coming to the surface, so bobbing toys and other objects can be a good idea for playtime as well. Floating ping-pong balls can be very fun — just make sure they’re clean first.
- Check out How to Play with Your Betta Fish for plenty more playtime ideas.
5
Train your betta. As with most animals, including people for that matter, the promise of a food treat can be a powerful motivation for your betta to train. With some patience and practice, your fishy friend can learn some fun tricks.
- You can teach your betta to eat from your fingers by placing your digits increasingly closer to the food pellets you place in the water until the fish takes the food right from them. Your betta may even be able to leap out of the water to take food from your fingers.
- The lure of food can also teach bettas to swim, or sometimes even leap, through hoops (which you can fashion out of pipe cleaners, for instance). You might also, with practice, be able to teach your fish to push that ping-pong ball it plays with into a net.
- How to Play with Your Betta Fish is also a good resource for training ideas and methods.
The best way to bond with a betta is to treat it like any other true friend. Visit when one or both of you is happy or sad, stressed out or flying high, healthy or sick. Growing a bond with any type of creature takes effort, patience, openness, and care.

Expert Q&A

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Question
How do I bond with my betta fish?
Craig Morton
Aquarium Specialist, Aquarium Doctor Inc.
Craig Morton is the CEO of Aquarium Doctor Inc. based in Huntington Beach California and servicing Orange County, Los Angeles County, and the Inland Empire. With over 30 years of aquarium experience, Craig specializes in creating custom aquarium designs along with aquarium installation, service, and maintenance.
Craig Morton
Aquarium Specialist, Aquarium Doctor Inc.
Expert Answer
Try to feed your betta in the same spot every day. This will help your fish bond with you and become more friendly.
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Question
How can I tell if my betta is stressed?
Craig Morton
Aquarium Specialist, Aquarium Doctor Inc.
Craig Morton is the CEO of Aquarium Doctor Inc. based in Huntington Beach California and servicing Orange County, Los Angeles County, and the Inland Empire. With over 30 years of aquarium experience, Craig specializes in creating custom aquarium designs along with aquarium installation, service, and maintenance.
Craig Morton
Aquarium Specialist, Aquarium Doctor Inc.
Expert Answer
A happy and healthy betta will have clear eyes, untethered fins, and an active appetite. If he doesn't, he may be sick or stressed.
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Question
How big does a Betta fish get?
Pippa Elliott, MRCVS
Veterinarian
Dr. Elliott, BVMS, MRCVS is a veterinarian with over 30 years of experience in veterinary surgery and companion animal practice. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary medicine and surgery. She has worked at the same animal clinic in her hometown for over 20 years.
Pippa Elliott, MRCVS
Veterinarian
Expert Answer
Typically, the average Betta fish grows to be around 6 to 8 centimetres in length.
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Warnings

Always wash and thoroughly rinse your hands before touching the inside of your betta's tank.
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Helpful4 Not Helpful0
Do not shake a betta's tank; this will cause him/her to become stressed.
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Get a "betta first aid kit" so you can be prepared for any illness your betta could contract.
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Do not have more than one male betta in a tank. Research housing multiple females together. Do not house males and females together.
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Research before adding any other tank mates, and make sure that your tank is big enough to have tank mates.
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If you fail to use a water conditioner, your betta can become sick and die very easily.
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