Download ArticleThe best and worst things to drink and eat when you have a hiatal hernia
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This article was co-authored by Chris M. Matsko, MD. Dr. Chris M. Matsko is a retired physician based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With over 25 years of medical research experience, Dr. Matsko was awarded the Pittsburgh Cornell University Leadership Award for Excellence. He holds a BS in Nutritional Science from Cornell University and an MD from the Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. Dr. Matsko earned a Research Writing Certification from the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) in 2016 and a Medical Writing & Editing Certification from the University of Chicago in 2017.
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A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of your stomach pushes up through the opening (or hiatus) in your diaphragm meant solely for your esophagus.[1] In most cases this causes no symptoms, but sometimes it allows partially digested food and stomach acid to reflux back up into your esophagus, leading to painful heartburn and indigestion. The symptoms of hiatal hernias can often be controlled by dietary and lifestyle adjustments — only a small minority of cases need surgery.
Steps
Cut back on alcohol. Alcoholic beverages can irritate a hiatal hernia in a few different ways. Alcoholic drinks, especially red wine and beer, are very acidic, so they should be avoided in general (particularly in the evenings) if you have a history of heartburn.[2] Secondly, the alcohol (ethanol) is damaging to the tissues of your esophagus, esophageal sphincter and stomach, which can trigger acid reflux and other symptoms.- All alcoholic beverages can potentially irritate a hiatal hernia, although the least acid types tend to contain the least amount of sugar, such as a vodka and soda, or a white wine spritzer.
- Alcohol relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows contents to reflux into the esophagus.
- Excessive drinking also increases the risk of forceful vomiting, which can make a hiatal hernia worse.
Reduce caffeinated beverages. Caffeine is a stimulant that affects your body in many ways, most of them negatively. More specifically, it can irritate the stomach and relax smooth muscle tissue (which lines the esophagus), so people with a hiatal hernia should reduce or eliminate caffeine from their diet if they want to control symptoms.[3]- Caffeine is found in coffee, black and green teas, soda pop (especially colas), energy drinks and chocolate.
- Many of the drinks that contain caffeine are also very acidic, which is like a "double whammy" for people with hiatal hernias. Avoid coffee and colas at the very least.
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Don't drink too many fluids with meals. Although many people believe they need to wash their food down with fluids (such as water, milk or sodas), it's actually not a good idea. Drinking lots of water or other fluids with meals tends to dilute your saliva and the digestive enzymes in your stomach and small intestine, making them less effective. Furthermore, the extra volume in the stomach might encourage some sloshing up of the acidic contents into the esophagus, leading to heartburn.- As noted above, chewing your food well produces lots of saliva, which aids with digestion and helps you swallow it comfortably.
- Drink no more than a few ounces of water (or milk) with meals. Drink water before a meal if you're truly thirsty.
- Drinking or gulping fluids can also lead to aerophagia, which is the swallowing of air while eating. Aerophagia can aggravate a hiatal hernia and lead to belching and indigestion.
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Avoid foods that trigger heartburn. Lots of foods can trigger heartburn (the spilling of stomach contents into the lower esophagus) because they're either too acidic, sweet, spicy or gassy.[4] Everyone's tolerances and sensitivities are different, but if you have a hiatal hernia, you should avoid peppery foods, tomato-based foods, onions, citrus fruits and chocolate products.- Fried and fatty foods can also trigger heartburn and irritate the esophagus and weaken the valve (esophageal sphincter) between the esophagus and stomach.[5]
- In addition to heartburn, common symptoms of a hiatal hernia include: abdominal pain, bloating, frequent burping, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, feeling too full, fatigue and sometimes vomiting.[6]
- Chronic heartburn can also lead to bad breath, but avoid sucking on mints or candy (especially peppermints) because that can make the heartburn worse.
- Foods less likely to cause heartburn symptoms include the following: bananas, apples, green beans, peas, carrots, broccoli, grains, cereals, cheeses, milk, and yogurt.[7]
Don't eat large meals. In addition to the types of foods you eat, the portion sizes can also trigger the symptoms of a hiatal hernia. Thus, eat smaller meals more frequently throughout the day (similar in size to large snacks) in order to prevent over-filling your stomach and putting pressure on the esophageal sphincter. Americans tend to take much larger portion sizes than they need for adequate energy and nutrition, so reducing them will not likely rob you of necessary nutrients.[8]- Instead of three large meals per day, eat five smaller (and blander) meals spaced out by about two-and-a-half hours.
- Don't let others dish up your plate when at home. Help yourself and don't feel the need to fill up your entire plate to the edges.
- If you're very hungry, force yourself to take a small serving initially. Eat slowly and only take a second small serving if you're still hungry.
Spend more time chewing. Chewing your food properly is important because not only are you "pre-digesting" and absorbing some of the nutrients in your mouth, but you're also stimulating the release of extra saliva into your mouth. Saliva is alkaline (which combats the acidity of food) and helps coat and soothe the lining of your esophagus, which can reduce heartburn and other symptoms related to a hiatal hernia.[9]- Take smaller bites and spend at least 20 – 30 seconds chewing your food before you swallow it.
- Cut up your food into smaller portions to encourage taking smaller bites. Cutting food up will also allow it to cool down faster.
- If your mouth feels dry before a meal, suck on a piece of lemon (limes and grapefruits work well also) in order to stimulate the release of saliva from your saliva glands.
Avoid eating just prior to bedtime. In addition to the type and portions of food, the timing of your meals is also very important for controlling the symptoms of a hiatal hernia. More specifically, you should eat dinner (or your final meal of the day) at least two to three hours before bedtime in order to give your stomach enough time to digest the food and then release its contents into the small intestine.[10]- Going to bed full and laying horizontal makes it easier for the acidic contents of the stomach to spill out through the esophageal sphincter and into the esophagus, causing heartburn.
- It takes longer for dense meals to digest (such as steak) compared to breads, pastas, salads and cooked veggies.
- Always sit up while eating and avoid lying down or bending over immediately after any meal. Go for a light walk if a meal makes you feel very sleepy instead of napping.
- Wear pants that are loose around your stomach when eating to reduce pressure you might feel from restrictive clothing.
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Lose weight if you're too heavy. One of the most commonly recommended lifestyle adjustments for people with hiatal hernias is to lose weight if they're overweight or obese.[11] Overweight people are more prone to hiatal hernias due to a combination of factors, including: overeating and large meal portions, chronic heartburn, excessive consumption of caffeine, alcohol, fatty, fried foods — which damage/inflame the esophagus and esophageal sphincter.- Losing weight puts less pressure on the abdominal and chest area, where the stomach and esophagus lay underneath.
- The safest and most effective way to lose weight is reducing your daily calories along with regular exercise — at least 30 minutes daily.
- Reducing your daily calories by only 500 can result in approximately 4 pounds of lost fat per month, even if you don't exercise that much.[12]
- Keeping a weight loss journal, either on paper or using an app on your smartphone, to record all of the food that you ingest will help you stay on top of your progress.
Quit smoking. Similar to alcohol, the various toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke are damaging to the inner parts of the esophagus/stomach and can damage the esophageal sphincter — essentially making it leaky and unable to fully close. Consequently, it's recommended that people with hiatal hernias stop smoking as soon as they can.[13] Cancer of the esophagus is much more common with smokers too, which can mimic the symptoms of a hiatal hernia (at least initially).- Smoking also damages the airways and increases the risk of chronic coughing. The force of coughing so much can weaken your diaphragm muscles and contribute to the formation of a hiatal hernia.
- Further, smoking stimulates the production of acid in the stomach.
- In addition to nicotine patches, hypnotherapy can be very helpful for stopping smoking.
Elevate your head while sleeping. Although sleeping or napping after a meal is a no-no for those who experience chronic heartburn, once you have properly digested your food, raise your head when you lay down on your back. Elevating your head by about 6 inches or so while in bed or on the sofa works with gravity to keep your stomach's contents from spilling up into your esophagus.[14]- While in bed or on the sofa, prop your head up with an extra pillow, although be careful not to get a stiff neck or trigger a headache.
- Consider buying a mattress that can be adjusting electronically and adjust the head portion to an incline between 6 – 8 inches.
- You can also elevate the top portion of your body if you lay on your side by using extra pillows, but you'll also increase the risk of getting back pain.
- Try not to eat anything one to two hours before you do to bed. A good habit to practice is to not eat food too late in the evening.
See a chiropractor. Although chiropractors typically focus on treating the spinal column and peripheral joints, some also specialize in soft-tissue treatment of hiatal hernias. The idea is to push the stomach back to its normal position below the diaphragm by applying pressure with the hands — sort of like a deep tissue massage. The procedure can give great relief, albeit sometimes only temporary relief (hours to days).- Other professions that include practitioners that do soft-tissue manipulation for the purposes of controlling hiatal hernias include massage therapists, physiotherapists, naturopaths and osteopaths.
- According to mainstream medicine, there's no evidence that such soft-tissue manipulation works to cure hiatal hernias, as no research has been done yet.[15]
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Expert Q&A
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- QuestionHow can we control flare-ups from an old hernia?
Chris M. Matsko, MDDr. Chris M. Matsko is a retired physician based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With over 25 years of medical research experience, Dr. Matsko was awarded the Pittsburgh Cornell University Leadership Award for Excellence. He holds a BS in Nutritional Science from Cornell University and an MD from the Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. Dr. Matsko earned a Research Writing Certification from the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) in 2016 and a Medical Writing & Editing Certification from the University of Chicago in 2017.
Family Medicine PhysicianIf you eat slowly, avoid spicy foods, lose weight, exercise, avoid alcohol, and stop smoking you can control flare-ups. - QuestionIf I vomit when I drink the treatment, what is another solution?Chris M. Matsko, MDDr. Chris M. Matsko is a retired physician based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With over 25 years of medical research experience, Dr. Matsko was awarded the Pittsburgh Cornell University Leadership Award for Excellence. He holds a BS in Nutritional Science from Cornell University and an MD from the Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. Dr. Matsko earned a Research Writing Certification from the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) in 2016 and a Medical Writing & Editing Certification from the University of Chicago in 2017.
Family Medicine PhysicianIf you are not able to keep down the medication then you need to see a doctor so they can administer it via an IV. Go the the emergency department.
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Tips
- Hiatal hernias are often discovered during a test to determine the cause of chronic heartburn or chest pain, such as an esophagram (barium swallow), endoscopy or manometry.[16]Thanks
- If you experience chronic heartburn, your doctor may recommend medications: over-the-counter antacids (Gelusil, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids,Tums); H-2-receptor blockers, such as cimetidine (Tagamet HB), famotidine (Pepcid AC), nizatidine (Axid AR) or ranitidine (Zantac); proton pump inhibitors, such as lansoprazole (Prevacid 24HR) and Omeprazole (Prilosec OTC).[17]Thanks
- Surgery is usually only recommended for "sliding" hiatus hernias (ones that move up and down, in and out of the chest area) that don't respond to lifestyle changes and medication.[18]Thanks
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References
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8098-hiatal-hernia
- ↑ https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/ut1339
- ↑ https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=hw239946
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17019-gerd-or-acid-reflux-or-heartburn-overview
- ↑ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/gerd-diet-foods-that-help-with-acid-reflux-heartburn
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8098-hiatal-hernia
- ↑ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/gerd-diet-foods-that-help-with-acid-reflux-heartburn
- ↑ https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/hiatus-hernia
- ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/11-stomach-soothing-steps-for-heartburn
- ↑ https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/your-burning-chest-how-to-stop-acid-reflux-and-gerd/
- ↑ https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw239946
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000892.htm
- ↑ https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/hiatal-hernia
- ↑ https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/ut1339
- ↑ https://www.cureus.com/articles/99244-reduction-and-resolution-of-a-hiatal-hernia-using-osteopathic-manipulative-treatment-a-case-report?score_article=true#!/
- ↑ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/178393-overview
- ↑ https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/over-counter-otc-heartburn-treatment
- ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Hernia-hiatus/Pages/Treatment.aspx
About This Article
Family Medicine Physician
This article was co-authored by Chris M. Matsko, MD. Dr. Chris M. Matsko is a retired physician based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With over 25 years of medical research experience, Dr. Matsko was awarded the Pittsburgh Cornell University Leadership Award for Excellence. He holds a BS in Nutritional Science from Cornell University and an MD from the Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. Dr. Matsko earned a Research Writing Certification from the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) in 2016 and a Medical Writing & Editing Certification from the University of Chicago in 2017. This article has been viewed 117,141 times.
Co-authors: 18
Updated: February 28, 2024
Views: 117,141
Categories: Hernias
Medical Disclaimer
The content of this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always contact your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional before starting, changing, or stopping any kind of health treatment.
Article SummaryX
To control your hiatal hernia by dietary and lifestyle adjustments, take smaller bites of food and spend more time chewing to reduce heartburn. You should also stop eating at least 2 to 3 hours before bedtime to give your stomach enough time to digest your meal. Additionally, eat foods that are less acidic, like bananas, cereals, and yogurts. In order to lessen the pressure on your stomach and chest, keep your weight in check by getting 30 minutes of exercise a day. If you're a smoker, you'll want to seek help quitting since this habit can lead to esophageal damage and an increase in stomach acids. For more tips from our Medical co-author, including how to relieve your hernia symptoms by visiting a chiropractor, keep reading!
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